1、Designation: D 3776/D3776M 09aStandard Test Methods forMass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3776/D3776M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of fabricmass per unit area (weight) and is applicable to most fabrics.1.2 There are fou
3、r approved options:1.2.1 Option AFull Piece, Roll, Bolt or Cut (Section 7).1.2.2 Option BFull Width Sample (Section 8).1.2.3 Option CSmall Swatch of Fabric (Section 9).1.2.4 Option DNarrow Fabrics (Section 10).1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately
4、as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
5、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Prac
6、tice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD 3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric2.2 Other Standard:ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Inspection by Attributes33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 weight, nas used with fabrics, mass per unit area.3.1.1.1 DiscussionFab
7、ric mass per unit area is expressedeither as grams per square metre (ounces per square yard), orgrams per linear metre (ounces per linear yard). Fabric mass isalso sometimes expressed inversely as linear metres perkilograms (yards per pound) with the fabric width stated.3.2 For definitions of other
8、textile terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Fabric mass is calculated from the mass of a specimenthe length and width of which have been measured as directedin one of the procedures in Test Method D 3773 and D 3774.5. Apparatus5.1 Scale, with a c
9、apacity and sensitivity sufficient to weighthe full piece, roll, bolt, or cut units to within 60.1 % of theirgross mass. The accuracy of the scale should be certified by arecognized authority.5.2 Balance, having a capacity and sensitivity to weighwithin 60.1 % of the mass of the specimens being test
10、ed.5.3 Cutting Die, either square or round with an area of atleast 13 cm2or 4 in.26. Conditioning6.1 Condition test specimens as directed in Practice D 1776.6.2 All weighing tests should be made in the standardatmosphere for testing textiles (20 6 1C (70 6 2F),65 6 2 % RH), after the specimens have
11、been conditioned inthe same atmosphere. It may be impractical to condition thespecimens in Option A or nonconditioned testing may beagreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. When the full rollsor bolts of fabric cannot be properly conditioned in a reason-able time with available facilities, perform
12、 the tests withoutconditioning and report the actual conditions prevailing at thetime of the test. Such results may not correspond with theresults obtained after testing adequately conditioned specimensin the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of
13、ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric TestMethods, Specific.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. ReplacesSections 35 to 41 of Methods D 1910 64 (1975). Originally approved in 1979.Last previous edition approved in 20
14、09 as D 3776 09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards I
15、nstitute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Option AFull Piece, Roll, Bolt, or Cut7.1 Significance and Use7.1.1 OptionAfor the determination of
16、mass per unit area ofwoven fabrics may be used for acceptance testing of commer-cial shipments since it has been used extensively in the trade.7.1.2 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test values when using Test Methods D 3776 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the
17、purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous a
18、s possible and whichare from a lot of material of the type in question. The testspecimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probabil
19、ity level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and thesupplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light ofthe known bias.7.2 SamplingAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takeat random the
20、 number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary sampling units. Consider the rolls of fabric in the lotsample as the laboratory sample and as the test specimens.7.3 Proce
21、dure:7.3.1 Measure the length of the full piece, roll, bolt, or cutby the hand procedure in Test Method D 3773.7.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative ofOption A of Test Method D 3774.7.3.3 Weigh the fabric, with shell and holder, if any, to thenearest 0.1 % of its mass.7.3.4 Weigh t
22、he holder, if any, to the nearest 0.1 % of itsmass.7.4 Calculations:7.4.1 Determine the net weight of the fabric by subtractingthe weight of the holder from the total weight.7.4.2 Dimensions and mass may all be determined in SIunits and mass per unit area calculated using Eq 1, Eq 2, or Eq3, as foll
23、ows:g/m25 103M/LW (1)g/m 5 103M/L (2)m/kg 5 L/M (3)where:M = mass of fabric, in kilograms,L = length of fabric, in metres, andW = width of fabric, in metres.7.4.3 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard,or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unlessotherwise specified,
24、 using Eq 4, Eq 5, Eq 6, or Eq 7, as follows:Mass per unit area:oz/yd25 576M/LW (4)Mass per yard:oz/yd 5 16M/L (5)Linear yards per pound:yd/lb 5 L/M (6)yd/lb 5 16 oz/yd (7)where:M = mass of fabric, in pounds,L = length of fabric, in yards, andW = width of fabric, in inches.7.4.4 If preferred, conver
25、t the U.S. customary units to SIunits using Eq 8, Eq 9, or Eq 10, as follows:Mass, g/m25 oz/yd23 33.906 (8)Mass, g/m 5 oz/yd 3 31.000 (9)m/kg 5 yd/lb 3 2.016 (10)8. Option BFull Width Sample8.1 Significance and Use:8.1.1 This procedure is applicable to a full-width sample cutfrom a full piece, roll,
26、 bolt, or cut. Unless otherwise specified,these results will include selvages and will be on the basis ofconditioned fabric.8.1.2 Option B is not recommended for the acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, since Option A is regularlyused for that purpose.8.2 Sampling:8.2.1 Lot SampleAs a lot samp
27、le for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider the roll of fabric to bethe primary sampling units.8.2.2 Laboratory SampleFrom each roll or piece in the lotsam
28、ple, cutdont tearat least one laboratory sample thefull width of the fabric and at least 250 mm (10 in.) in length.The cut edges must be a straight line, free of indentations orbulges, unless both edges have been made to trace parallelfilling yarns. In this procedure the complete laboratory sampleis
29、 used as the specimen.8.3 Procedure:8.3.1 Measure the length of the conditioned specimen by thehand procedure of Test Method D 3773.8.3.2 Measure the width by the tension-free alternative ofOption A of Test Method D 3774.8.3.3 Weigh the specimen in grams on a scale or balance tothe nearest 0.1 % of
30、its mass (weight).8.4 Calculations:8.4.1 Calculate the mass per unit area, mass per linear yard,or linear yards per pound to three significant figures, unlessotherwise specified, using Eq 11, Eq 12, Eq 13, or Eq 14, asfollows:Mass per unit area:oz/yd25 45.72G/LsW (11)Mass per linear yard:oz/yd 5 1.2
31、7G/Ls(12)Linear yards per pound:D 3776/D3776M 09a2yd/lb 5 16/oz per linear yd (13)yd/lb 5 12.6Ls/G (14)where:G = mass of specimen, in grams,Ls= length of specimen, in inches, andW = width of specimen, in inches.8.4.2 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits using Eq 4, Eq 5, or Eq 6
32、 in 7.4.3.8.4.3 Alternatively, dimensions and mass may all be deter-mined in SI units and calculated using Eq 15, Eq 16, or Eq 17,as follows:Mass per unit area:g/m25 106G/LsW (15)Mass per linear metre:g/m 5 103G/Ls(16)Linear metres per kilogram:m/kg 5 Ls/G (17)where:G = mass of specimen, gLs= length
33、 of specimen, mm, andW = width of specimen, mm.9. Option CSmall Swatch of Fabric9.1 Significance and Use:9.1.1 This procedure is applicable when a small swatch offabric is sent to the laboratory to be used as the test specimen.The results are considered to be applicable to the sample onlyand not nec
34、essarily to the lot from which the sample was taken.9.1.2 Measurements by this method do not include selvagesand should be reported as such, unless a selvage allowance isspecified.9.1.3 Option C is not recommended for acceptance testingof commercial shipments since Option A is regularly used forthat
35、 purpose.9.2 SamplingOption C is used only when limited fabric isavailable and should not be used for acceptance sampling.Prepare such specimens from small swatches as is possible.9.3 Preparation of SpecimensPrepare a conditionedspecimen having an area of at least 130 cm2(20 in.2)oranumber of smalle
36、r die cut specimens taken from differentlocations in the sample and having a total area of at least 130cm2(20 in.2) Do not take these specimens closer than one tenthof the fabric width to a selvage or cut edge. If insufficient fabricis available to meet these criteria, note that fact in the report.9
37、.4 Procedure:9.4.1 Determine the area of the specimen(s) used. Fordie-cut specimens, the area of the die is normally given. Forother specimens, multiply the length by the width.9.4.2 Weigh the specimen(s) to within 60.1 % of mass(weight) on a balance. Specimens of a fabric may be weighedtogether.9.5
38、 Calculations:9.5.1 Dimensions and mass may be determined in SI unitsand calculated using Eq 15 (8.4.3), Eq 18, or Eq 19, as follows:Mass per linear metre:g/m 5 103GW/LsWs(18)Linear metre per kilogram:m/kg 5 LsWs/GW (19)where:G = mass of specimen, gW = width of fabric, mmLs= length of specimen, mm,
39、andWs= width of specimen mm.9.5.2 Calculate the mass in ounces per square yard, ouncesper linear yard, or linear yards per pound to three significantfigures using Eq 11 (8.4.1), Eq 19, or Eq 20, as follows:Mass per linear yard:oz/yd 5 1.27GW/LsWs(20)Linear yards per pound:yd/lb 5 12.6LsWs/GW (21)whe
40、re:G = mass of specimen, g,W = width of fabric, in.Ws= width of specimen, in., andLs= length of specimen, in.9.5.3 If preferred convert the U.S. customary units to SIunits by using Eq 8, Eq 9, or Eq 10 in 7.4.4.10. Option DNarrow Fabrics10.1 Significance and Use:10.1.1 This procedure is intended for
41、 use with narrowfabrics as so designated by the trade. These fabrics are usually300 mm (12 in.) in width or less, have a selvage on both sidesand are woven on multishuttle looms.10.1.2 Option D is not recommended for acceptance testingof commercial shipments since Option A is regularly used forthat
42、purpose.10.2 Sampling:10.2.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls of fabric to bethe primary sampling units.10.2.2
43、Laboratory SampleFrom each roll or piece in thelot sample, cut a conditioned laboratory sample 1 m 6 3mm(36.0 6 0.10 in.) long perpendicular to the selvages. Take aminimum of three such laboratory samples from differentplaces, distributed as evenly as practicable along the length ofthe roll or piece
44、. In this procedure a complete laboratorysample is used as a specimen.10.3 Procedure:10.3.1 Measure the width of the fabric to the nearest 1 mm(0.125 in.) by the tension-free alternative of Option A of TestMethods D 3774.10.3.2 Weigh each specimen to within 60.1 % of its weighton a scale or balance.
45、10.4 Calculations:10.4.1 If all measurements are made in SI units, use Eq 15,Eq 16 or Eq 17 in 8.4.3.D 3776/D3776M 09a310.4.2 Calculate the average mass as ounces per linear yardor linear yards per pound using Eq 12, Eq 13, or Eq 14 from8.4.1.10.4.3 If preferred, convert the U.S. customary units to
46、SIunits using Eq 9 or Eq 10 in 7.4.4.11. Report11.1 State that the tests were made as directed in Option A(or B or C or D) in Test Methods D 3776. Describe the materialor product sampled and the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Option used to measure fabric mass p
47、er unit area.11.2.2 Fabric mass in ounces per square yard, or ounces perlinear yard, or in yards per pound, to three significant figures.11.2.3 Fabric mass in grams per square metre, or grams perlinear metre, or metres per kilogram, to three significantfigures.11.2.4 Fabric width if mass is reported
48、 as mass per linearmetre (yard) or metres per kilogram (yards per pound).11.2.5 State whether the fabric weight includes or does notinclude selvages, and11.2.6 Atmospheric conditions under which the tests wereconducted and whether the specimens were conditioned asdirected in Practice D 1776.12. Prec
49、ision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages of four obser-vations when using Option B of Test Methods D 3776, thedifference should not exceed the following amounts in 95 outof 100 cases when all of the observations were taken by thesame well-trained operator using the same piece of equipmentand specimens randomly drawn from the same sample ofmaterial:Seersucker 0.125 oz/yd2Gingham 0.080 oz/yd2Corduroy 0.330 oz/yd2Denim 0.105 oz/yd2Larger differences are likely under all other circumstances.The procedure in Option B of Test Methods D 3776 has nokn
