1、Designation: D 3802 79 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forBall-Pan Hardness of Activated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3802; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theball-pan hardness number of granular activated carbons. Forthe purpose
3、of this test, granular activated carbons are thosehaving particles 90 % of which are larger than 80 mesh (180m) as determined by Test Method D 2862.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not
4、purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
5、2B19 Specification for Cartridge Brass Sheet, Strip, Plate,Bar, and DisksB 150/B 150M Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod,Bar, and ShapesD 2652 Terminology Relating to Activated CarbonD 2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of ActivatedCarbonD 2862 Test Method for Particle Size Distribution ofGran
6、ular Activated CarbonD 2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Terminology3.1 GeneralTerms applicable to this standard are definedin Terminology D 2652.3.2 Definitions of Terms
7、 Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 nominal particle size: natural, granular, and irregu-larly shaped particle carbonsthat particle size range, ex-pressed in terms of Specification E11sieve sizes, whose smallend excludes not more than 5 % of the particle size distribu-tion, and whose large end excludes
8、 not more than 5 % of thedistribution, on a weight basis.3.2.2 nominal particle size: pelleted carbonsthat particlesize range, expressed in terms of Specification E11sieve sizes,whose small end excludes not more than 10 % of the particlesize distribution, and whose large end excludes not more than5
9、% of the distribution, on a weight basis.3.2.3 small end nominal particle sizethat particle size,expressed by its equivalent Specification E11 sieve, whichdefines the excluded portion of the particle size distribution atits small particle size end in accordance with 3.2.1 or 3.2.2.4. Summary of Test
10、 Method4.1 A screened and weighed sample of the carbon is placedin a special hardness pan with a number of stainless steel balls,then subjected to a combined rotating and tapping action for 30min. At the end of this period, the amount of particle sizedegradation is determined by measuring the quanti
11、ty of carbon,by weight, which is retained on a sieve whose openings areclosest to one half the openings of the sieve that defines theminimum nominal particle size of the original sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 Several methods have been employed in the past fordetermining the resistance of activat
12、ed carbons to particle sizedegradation under service conditions, including the ball-panmethod, the stirring bar method, and the dust elutriationmethod. None of these has proved completely satisfactory forall applications, and all have been questioned by ASTMCommittee D28 on Activated Carbon as tests
13、 for establishingdegradation resistance. However, the ball-pan method has beenused widely in the past and has a broad history in the activatedcarbon industry for measuring the property loosely describedas “hardness.” In this context the test is useful in establishinga measurable characteristic of a
14、carbon. Conceding the fact thatthe test does not actually measure in-service resistance todegradation, it can be used to establish the comparability oflots ostensibly of the same grade of carbon.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct re
15、sponsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on GasPhase Evaluation Tests.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3802 79 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
16、Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 M
17、echanical Sieve Shaker, designed to produce from 140to 160 taps and from 280 to 320 rotating motions per minute ina stack of standard Specification E11sieves.3Adjust the sieveshaker to accommodate the desired number of sieves, receiverpan, and sieve cover. Adjust the bottom stops to give aclearance
18、of approximately 1.6 mm between the bottom plateand the sieves so that the sieves will be free to rotate. Fit thecover plate with a cork stopper which extends from 3.2 to 9.5mm above the metal recess.6.2 Wire Cloth Sieves, in accordance with SpecificationE11; six required, at least four of which bra
19、cket the expectednominal particle size distribution of the sample, and one ofwhich, designated the hardness test sieve, has an opening asclose as possible to one half the opening of the sieve thatdefines the smaller nominal particle size of the original sample.Table 1 lists the hardness test sieve c
20、orresponding to eachminimum nominal sieve.6.3 Bottom Receiver Pan and Top Sieve Cover (see 6.1).6.4 Hardness Test Pan, having the dimensions of that in Fig.1.6.5 Adjustable Interval Timer, with a precision of at least65 s, duration at least 600 s (10 min).6.6 Sample Splitter, single-stage riffle typ
21、e, in accordancewith 30.5.2 of Practice E 300.6.7 Balance, with sensitivity and accuracy of at least 0.1 g.6.8 Soft Brass-Wire Brush.46.9 Steel Balls, fifteen 12.7 6 0.1 mm (12 in.) in diameterand fifteen 9.5 6 0.1 mm (38 in.) in diameter.7. Sampling7.1 Guidance in sampling granular activated carbon
22、 is givenin Practice E 300.8. Calibration8.1 Calibration of balances shall be maintained by standardlaboratory methods. Sieves shall be calibrated at reasonableintervals in accordance with the procedure described in Speci-fication E11.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the nominal particle size of the sample
23、 inaccordance with Test Method D 2862, and its moisture contentin accordance with Test Methods D 2867.9.2 Obtain an additional representative sample of approxi-mately 125 mL of the carbon in accordance with PracticeE 300.9.3 Screen this sample to its nominal particle size distribu-tion using Test Me
24、thod D 2862. Discard the fractions above thelarger and below the smaller nominal particle size. Obtain atleast 100 mL of material within the nominal mesh size range.Use additional material obtained as in 9.2, if necessary.9.4 Measure out 100 mL of the screened sample into a tared,graduated cylinder
25、in accordance with Test Method D 2854,and weigh to the nearest 0.1 g.9.5 Place the hardness pan (Fig. 1) on the standard bottomreceiver pan. Pour the screened and weighed sample into thehardness pan and add the steel balls.9.6 Complete the sieve stack by stacking five full-heightsieves and the sieve
26、 cover on top of the hardness pan. The extrasieves, in this case, serve only to form a stack which fills theshaker, thus avoiding changes in tapping action and readjust-ment of the sieve stack retainer.9.7 Place sieve stack in the sieve shaker and shake for 30 60.5 min, with tapping hammer operating
27、.9.8 At the end of the shaking period, remove the sieve stackfrom the sieve shaker and remove the hardness pan from thesieve stack. Place the hardness test sieve on top of the receivingpan.9.9 Remove the steel balls from the hardness pan andtransfer sample to the hardness test sieve, brushing adheri
28、ngparticles into the sieve. Stack the five full-height sieves andsieve cover on top of the hardness test sieve and receiving pan,and replace the stack in the sieve shaker. Shake with thehammer operating for 10 min 6 10 s.9.10 At the end of the shaking period, remove the sievestack from the sieve sha
29、ker and transfer the remainder of the3The sole source of supply of the apparatus (the Tyler Ro-Tap Sieve Shaker,Model RX-29) known to the committee at this time is W.S. Tyler, Inc., Gastonia,NC. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquart
30、ers. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus (W.S. Tyler Model 1778-SB) knownto the committee at this time is W.S. Tyler, Inc., Gastonia, NC. If you are aware ofalternative
31、 suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.TABLE 1 Hardness Test Sieve (HTS) Corresponding to Specification E11Sieves Defining Small-End Nomin
32、al Particle Size (SNPS)SNPS HTS SNPS HTSOpening, mm E 11 Mesh Opening, m E 11 Mesh Opening, m E 11 Mesh Opening, m E 11 Mesh5.6 312 2800 7 850 20 425 404.75 4 2360 8 710 25 355 454.00 5 2000 10 600 30 300 503.35 6 1700 12 500 35 250 602.80 7 1400 14 425 40 212 702.36 8 1180 16 355 45 180 802.00 10 1
33、000 18 300 50 150 1001.70 12 850 20 250 60 125 1201.40 14 710 25 212 70 106 1401.18 16 600 30 180 80 90 1701.00 18 500 35D 3802 79 (2005)2sample on the hardness test sieve to a tared weighing pan.Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g.9.11 Sweep the pan catch into a tared weighing dish, andweigh to the nearest
34、0.1 g.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the ball-pan hardness number from the equa-tionH 5 100 B/A (1)where:H = ball-pan hardness number,B = weight of sample retained on hardness test sieve (see9.10), g, andA = weight of sample loaded onto hardness pan (see 9.4), g.10.2 As a check on the accuracy of the
35、 test, calculateball-pan hardness from the pan catch as follows:H25 100 1 2 C/A! (2)where:C = pan catch from 9.11,g.If H2differs from H by more than 2 %, one may assume thatsignificant amounts of carbon are not accounted for, and therun must be rejected.11. Report11.1 Report the following informatio
36、n:11.1.1 Name of the carbon supplier,11.1.2 Grade designation of the sample,11.1.3 Nominal particle size range and moisture content (asmeasured in 9.3),11.1.4 Ball-pan hardness number,11.1.5 Name of the agency and technician making the test,11.1.6 Identification number and date of the test, and11.1.
37、7 Lot number from which the sample was taken.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Error analysis indicates a precision for the method of6 1 % for like samples with hardness numbers near 100, whichis typical. The adhesion of material to sieves, brushes, etc.,makes it unlikely that the hardness number calculate
38、d in 10.1will be overestimated; however, humidity effects can increaseor decrease the value of H. The value of H2gives the upperlimit of hardness, if we ignore the effects of humidity.Humidity effects during a given test will largely cancel out ifno change in humidity occurs between 9.4 and 9.11.12.
39、2 It is difficult to evaluate the precision of the methodbecause the variation in hardness within a relatively smallbatch of activated carbon is substantial. One supplier tested 31samples of a single grade of carbon and obtained an averagehardness of 95.7, with a standard deviation of 1.3 (6 1.4 %).
40、NOTE 1Material is plate, of one of the following alloys: (1) Cartridge brass, UNS C 26000, half-hard temper, hardness 60 HRB or greater (seeSpecification B19); or (2) Aluminum bronze, UNS C 61400, soft temper, hardness 140 HB or greater (see Specification B 150/B 150M).FIG. 1 Pan for Ball-Pan Hardne
41、ss TestD 3802 79 (2005)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringe
42、ment of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard o
43、r for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views k
44、nown to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3802 79 (2005)4
