1、Designation: D3852 07 (Reapproved 2012)D3852 16Standard Practice forSampling and Handling Phenol, Cresols, and Cresylic Acid1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is provided to ensure that phenol and cresylic acid are properly sampled to provide repres
3、entative specimensfor quality assurance analyses and that they are handled covers procedures for sampling and handling phenol, cresols and cresylicacid in solid and liquid forms, including liquids at elevated temperatures, in a safe manner. manner that represents and preservesquality. In general, th
4、is practice also applies to cresols, xylenols, and some other alkylated phenolic materials; however, specificinformation regarding these materials should be sought and used if available.1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products should consult the applicable Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for speci
5、fic first aidinstructions and information on the proper equipment to have available for use in the event of personal contact or exposure.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.standard. No other units of measureme
6、nt are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitatio
7、ns prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and an appropriate SDS.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 Other Documents:OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and 1910.1200 3U.S. DOT Regulations, 49 CF
8、R Transportation, Subchapter C, Parts 171 180 3NFPA No. 704-1996 Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response 43. Significance and Use3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful in establishing sampling and handling procedures. It is expecte
9、d thatthis information will only be utilized in conjunction with an existing health and safety program. program and consultation withan appropriate SDS. The information provided cannot be used as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice, advice asprovided in an appropriate SDS, but rather a
10、s a supplement to such advice.4. Description of Products4.1 Phenol is a colorless to light pink crystalline material which melts at 40 to 41C (104 to 106F). 41C. Technical and USPgrades melt at lower temperatures.4.2 Phenol is both extremely hygroscopic and sensitive to discoloration. Therefore, it
11、cannot be overemphasized that properprecautions must be undertaken when unloading or sampling the product. Moisture must be excluded. The use of sampling devicesthat contain metals that may catalyze discoloration (iron, copper) must also be avoided.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
12、ommittee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD16.08 on Handling and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons.Current edition approved June 1, 2012June 1, 2016. Published August 2012June 2016. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous e
13、dition approved in 20072012 asD3852 07.D3852 07 (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D3852-07R12.10.1520/D3852-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstanda
14、rds Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy
15、, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM rec
16、ommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
17、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 Cresylic acid is a common chemical name applied to mixtures of alkyl-substituted phenols. Included are mixtures of cresols,xylenols, and higher alkylated phenols. Many cresylic acid mixtures contain measurable amounts of phenol.4.4 Most cresyl
18、ic acid mixtures are liquids at ambient temperatures. However, at low temperatures (0C) they sometimesbecome very viscous and difficult to pour. Some mixtures containing high concentrations of high melting isomers may form thickslurries or become solids at low temperatures.4.5 While phenol or cresyl
19、ic acids are highly dangerous when handled improperly, particularly at the elevated temperaturessometimes required to unload tank cars or tank trucks, handling and sampling need not be hazardous provided the dangers arerecognized. Proper precautionary measures must be provided and scrupulously adher
20、ed to as proscribedprescribed by theMSDSSDS or other locally relevant guidelines.4.6 Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazardous Materials Regulations regarding the shipment of this chemical are specifiedin 49 CFR.5. Hazards5.1 For information on toxicity consult the appropriate MSDS.SDS.5.2 Consul
21、t current OSHA regulations, suppliers material safety data sheets (MSDS), suppliersSafety Data Sheet (SDS), andlocal regulations for all materials utilized in this practice.5.3 HealthPhenol is very corrosive to the skin and produces painful and dangerous burns in a very short time. Since phenolis a
22、skin anesthetic, the first reaction is not pain, but a whitening of the exposed area. It is readily absorbed through the skin andmucous membranes or lungs, and severe exposures may prove fatal unless prompt first aid and medical treatment are exercised.Consult the appropriate MSDSSDS and any other a
23、pplicable local regulations and guidelines for recommended unloadingprocedures. Producers/suppliers typically have guidelines for these procedures. Workers should wear appropriate protectiveclothing and personal protective equipment as recommended in such guidelines and the appropriate MSDS.SDS.5.3.
24、1 Qualitatively, cresylic acid is slightly less acute as a health hazard than phenol. However, contact of cresylic acid with theskin can produce painful and serious burns in a short time. It is readily absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, throughthe gastro-intestinal tract, or through the
25、 lungs (either as a vapor or in droplet form), potentially resulting in systemic poisoning.Consult the appropriate MSDSSDS and any other applicable local regulations and guidelines for recommended unloadingprocedures. Producers/suppliers typically have guidelines for these procedures. Workers should
26、 wear appropriate protectiveclothing and personal protective equipment as recommended in such guidelines and the appropriate MSDS.SDS.5.4 FireFor general fire hazards, consult the appropriate MSDSSDS as well as any other applicable guidelines such as theNFPA 704M fire hazard classification system.5.
27、5 Molten phenol or cresylic acid can dissolve carbon dioxide and releases it on solidification. Therefore, special precautionsshould be observed if “inert gas” containing carbon dioxide is used to agitate or empty containers of phenol or cresylic acid toavoid pressure build-up (for example, leave ve
28、nts open).5.6 For chemical emergency (spill, leak, fire, exposure, or accident) consult the appropriate agency or contact as documentedonin the MSDS.SDS.6. Protective Equipment6.1 Use of personal protection equipment in and of itself is not an adequate substitute for safe working conditions and inte
29、lligentconduct on the part of employees who work with phenol or cresylic acid. Employees who work with phenol or cresylic acid shouldbe well trained and should maintain safe working conditions.6.2 Persons engaged in the handling of phenol or cresylic acid shall use protective equipment as dictated b
30、y the extent of theirexposure, the appropriate MSDS,SDS, and any and all local regulations and guidelines. It is highly recommended that workingareas have immediately and easily available deluge-type safety showers as well as eye wash fountains.7. First Aid7.1 The establishment of first aid procedur
31、es must be done prior to sampling and handling of phenol phenol, cresols and cresylicacid under the guidance of competent safety and medical advice, and based on recommendations in the appropriate MSDS.SDS.With phenol and cresylic acid, speed in acting to remove the contacting material and seeking m
32、edical care is imperative.8. Precautions8.1 Any person sampling or handling these products should have specific first aid instructions and equipment available for usein the event of personal contact or exposure as detailed in the appropriate MSDSSDS or other local rules and guidelines.8.2 It is reco
33、mmended that sampling be conducted only by carefully instructed, experienced, reliable employees, under adequatesupervision following all the procedures recommended in the appropriate MSDS,SDS, by the supplier, or by any other applicablelocal guidelines and rules, or combinations thereof.D3852 1628.
34、3 Follow shippersshippers instructions always, and read and observe all caution markings on containers.8.4 Although the vapor given off at elevated temperatures from phenol or cresylic acid will ignite, these materials can generallybe handled with little direct danger of fire. The flash points of th
35、e liquids are higher than the temperatures at which they arenormally handled. In spite of this, carefully restrict open flames and smoking in the vicinity of loading, unloading, and storageoperations.8.5 Do not permit any person ever to enter an empty phenol or cresylic acid tank, tank car, or tank
36、truck until it has beenthoroughly washed out with warm water, followed by a thorough steaming. Ensure that the oxygen content is acceptable and thevessel is free of organic vapors. Require the approval and observation by a supervisor in every case. Review Sections 6 and 7 indetail.9. Handling and Sa
37、mpling of Drums9.1 Before loading, unloading, or sampling of drums of phenol phenol, cresols or cresylic acid, carefully read and proceed inaccordance with Sections 4 8.9.2 Handle drums carefully when being transported. Block drums in place during transportation to prevent movement andduring unloadi
38、ng to prevent spilling.9.3 Place the drum bung up, loosen the plug slowly to relieve internal pressure, and allow all internal pressure to vent prior tounloading or sampling.9.4 Most cresylic acids are liquids at ambient temperatures. Phenol and some cresylic acids are solids at ambient temperatures
39、.If melting is necessary to remove the contents of a drum, do the necessary heating in a special steam-heated melting chamber,hot-water bath, with steam coils, or with an approved electric drum heater. Never use a flame for melting the drum contents.Properly vent the drum during this operation in or
40、der to prevent pressuring. (WarningDo not overheat drums as the danger ofspillage caused by thermal expansion and excessive vapors exists.)9.5 Prior to sampling, mix the contents of the drum thoroughly in order to ensure uniformity of the material. This may beaccomplished by mechanical agitation or
41、sparging with inert gas (nitrogen is recommended). Exercise extreme caution to preventpressurization or splashing if inert gas sparging is used.9.6 Obtain the sample in accordance with Practice E300. Accomplish sampling by using a clean, dry glass or polypropylenesample tube and a clean, dry, glass
42、or other appropriate container of appropriate size. The closure shall be a screw cap fitted witha polyethylene or other inert liner. Label the sample container to indicate, as a minimum, the date and time, source of sample, typeof material, quantity, hazards, purpose of sample, and the name of the s
43、ampler and in accordance with OSHA regulations or anyother applicable local regulations.9.7 Unload by any convenient, safe method, including gravity flow and pumping, or as recommended in the appropriateMSDS.SDS. Pressure unloading of drums is not recommended. Take full precautions to protect person
44、nel and equipment from theeffects of a possible drum rupture.10. Unloading of Tank Cars and Tank Trucks10.1 Before unloading or sampling tank cars or tank trucks of phenol phenol, cresols or cresylic acid, carefully read and proceedin accordance with Sections 4 8.10.2 Always follow DOT or other appr
45、opriate local regulations and shippers instructions, and place, read, and observe allcaution markings on the sides of the tank or dome.10.3 Follow the unloading recommendations as provided by the appropriate MSDS,SDS, the Producer/Supplier, or any otherlocally applicable rules and guidelines, or com
46、binations thereof.11. Sampling of Tank Cars and Tank Trucks11.1 Sample tank cars or trucks in accordance with Practice E300. Any method of sampling therein described that provides arepresentative sample is acceptable. Among these are “Average Sample,” “All-Level Sample,” “Continuous Sample,” and“Run
47、ning Sample.”11.1.1 Refer to DOT 49 CFR 173 or other applicable local regulations for specific packaging regulations for sample shipment.11.2 A suitable clean, dry glass or other appropriate container, of appropriate size, must be used.11.3 Sampling shall be done after heating or mixing, or both, or
48、 during unloading (in the case of a continuous sample).11.4 Place emphasis on the use of clean and dry sampling equipment and sample containers.11.5 Immediately after the sample container is filled, screw the cap on tightly before making any attempt to rinse off phenolphenol, cresol or cresylic acid
49、 from the outside. Rinse bottle with water and follow approved procedures for disposal. Label thesample as with drum samples (see 9.6).D3852 16312. Barges and Tankers12.1 Barges and tankers are sampled and handled in a manner similar to tank cars and tank trucks (Section 11).13. Keywords13.1 alkyl-substituted phenols; cresols; cresylic acid; handling; phenol; sampling; xylenolsSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D3852 - 06D385207(2012) that may impact the use of this standa
