1、Designation: D 3910 07Standard Practices forDesign, Testing, and Construction of Slurry Seal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3910; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These practices cover the design, testing, and constru
3、c-tion of mixtures for surface treatment of pavements. It iswritten as a guide and should be used as such. End-usespecifications should be adapted to conform to job and userrequirements.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th
4、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of F
5、ine AggregateD 242 Specification for Mineral Filler For Bituminous Pav-ing MixturesD 977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD 1073 Specification for Fine Aggregate for BituminousPaving MixturesD 2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltD 2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils
6、andFine AggregateE 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens2.2 Other Documents:3ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 139 Test Method to ClassifyEmulsified Asphalt/Aggregate Mixture Systems by Modi-fied Cohesion Tester Measurement of Set and Cure Char-acteristics.3. Terminology3.1
7、 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 emulsified asphalt slurry seal mixtures as related tothese practices, mixtures of fine aggregate with or withoutmineral filler, with or without mixing water, uniformly mixedwith emulsified asphalt.4. Significance and Use4.1 These slurry seal prac
8、tices are written as a guide andshould not be construed as specifications.4.2 End-use specifications should be adopted to conform tojob and user requirements.5. Design5.1 Aggregates:5.1.1 The fine aggregate shall consist of natural or manu-factured sand, slag, crushed fines or other mineral aggregat
9、ethat conforms to the quality requirements of SpecificationD 1073.5.1.2 Recommended grading requirements are shown inTable 1.5.1.3 Smooth-textured sand of less than 1.25 % water ab-sorption shall not exceed 50 % of the total combined aggregate.(For heavy duty surface requirements, use 100 % crushedm
10、aterial.)5.1.4 When tested by Test Method D 2419, the combinedaggregate prior to the addition of any chemically active mineralfillers shall have a sand equivalent of not less than 45.5.2 Mineral Filler:1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and
11、are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.24 onBituminous Surface Treatments.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 3910 98 (004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
12、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the International Slurry SurfacingAssociation, 3 Church Circle,PMB 250, Annapolis, MD 21401.TABLE 1 Grading Requ
13、irements for AggregateSieve SizeAmount Passing Sieve, weight %Type 1 Type 2 Type 338 in. (9.5 mm) 100 100 100No. 4 (4.75 mm) 100 90 to 100 70 to 90No. 8 (2.36 mm) 90 to 100 65 to 90 45 to 70No. 16 (1.18 mm) 65 to 90 45 to 70 28 to 50No. 30 (600 m) 40 to 60 30 to 50 19 to 34No. 50 (300 m) 25 to 42 18
14、 to 30 12 to 25No. 100 (150 m) 15 to 30 10 to 21 7 to 18No. 200 (75 m) 10 to 20 5 to 15 5 to 151Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2.1 Mineral fillers are of two types, chemically active andchemically inactive. Both sha
15、ll conform to SpecificationD 242.5.2.2 Chemically active mineral fillers such as portlandcement, hydrated lime, and ammonium sulfate are used toimprove the workability, regulate the setting time and, in somecases, to alter the aggregate gradation.5.2.3 Chemically inactive mineral fillers such as lim
16、estonedust, flyash, and rock dust are used mainly to alter aggregategradation.5.3 Emulsified AsphaltThe emulsified asphalt shall con-form to Grade SS-1h of Specification D 977, for emulsifiedasphalt, or Grade CSS-1h of Specification D 2397, for cationicemulsified asphalt.5.3.1 Quick-Set emulsified a
17、sphalts, QS-1h and CQS-1hmay also be used. They conform to Specifications D 977 andD 2397 respectively, except that the test requirements forcement mixing and storage stability shall not apply. Refer tothe International Slurry Surfacing Association (ISSA) BulletinNo. 139.5.4 Composition of Slurry Se
18、al Mixtures:5.4.1 A job mixture shall be selected that conforms to thespecification limits, and that is suitable for the traffic, climaticconditions, curing conditions, and final use. All materials to beused shall be pretested for their suitability in the mixture asdescribed in Section 6.5.4.2 The m
19、ixture shall attain an initial set in not less than15 min nor more than 12 h. The setting time may be regulatedby the addition of mineral fillers or chemical agents.5.4.3 The mixture shall be one of three types, whosecombined aggregates conform to the gradation requirements ofTable 1.5.4.3.1 Type 1
20、is suitable to seal cracks, fill voids, andcorrect surface erosion conditions. The residual asphalt contentshall be from 10 to 16 weight % of dry aggregate. It shall beapplied at a rate of 3.3 to 5.4 kg/m2(6 to 10 lb/yd2). This typeis used on airfields where surface sealing and skid resistanceare th
21、e primary needs.5.4.3.2 Type 2 is suitable to fill surface voids, correct severesurface erosion conditions, and provide a minimum wearingsurface. The residual asphalt content shall be from 7.5 to 13.5weight % of dry aggregate. It shall be applied at a rate of 5.4to 8.2 kg/m2(10 to 15 lb/yd2). This t
22、ype is used on airfields andpavements that are severely eroded, or have numerous cracks.It may also be used as wearing surface on bituminous basecourses or soil-cement bases, or as a sealer on stabilized basecourses.5.4.3.3 Type 3 is suitable to provide a new wearing surfaceor build up a crown. The
23、residual asphalt content shall be from6.5 to 12 weight % of dry aggregate. It shall be applied at a rateof 8.2 or more kg/m2(15 or more lb/yd2).5.4.4 Consistency TestThis test is used to determineoptimum mix design for aggregate, filler, water, and emulsion.A flow of 2 to 3 cm (1 in.) is considered
24、to be the consistencynormally required for a workable field mix (see 6.1).5.4.5 Set TimeThis test determines the time required forslurry to reach initial set with paper blot method. A properlymix-designed slurry should be set at the end of 12 h. -h set timeis considered acceptable for a quick settin
25、g slurry (see 6.2).5.4.6 Cure TimeThis test is used to determine initialcohesion of slurry mat and resistance to traffic. A properlydesigned slurry mix should be completely cured at the end of24 h after placement (see 6.3).5.4.7 Wet Track Abrasion TestThis test method coversmeasurement of the wearin
26、g qualities of slurry seal under wetabrasion conditions.NOTE 1As a guide, slurry shall not show a loss of more than 807.44g/m2(75 g/ft2).6. Test Methods for Emulsified Asphalt Slurry Seal6.1 Consistency Test:6.1.1 This test method is used to determine the properconsistency (mix design) for a slurry
27、seal mixture.6.1.2 The consistency test should be performed as a methodof determining the optimum mix design (proper ratio ofaggregate, filler, water, and emulsion) as related to properconsistency for pavement surface placement. Several mixes aremade using dried aggregate and various ratios of portl
28、andcement, or hydrated lime and or chemical modifier, water andasphalt emulsion. Mix time shall be for no less than 1 min andnot longer than 3 min when mixed at 25 6 1C (77 6 3F).NOTE 2Ideal relative humidity for this test is 50 6 5 %. Results willvary at different relative humidity values.6.1.3 Mol
29、d, metal or plastic, in the form of a frustum of acone 38 mm (112 in.) in diameter at the top, 89 mm (312 in.) indiameter at the bottom and 76 mm (3 in.) in height (see TestMethod C 128 and Fig. 1).6.1.4 The center of a 228 by 228-mm (9 by 9-in.) piece of3-mm (18-in.) thick metal plate is inscribed
30、with a circle 89 mm(312 in.) in diameter. Three to four additional circles, each 13mm (12 in.) greater in diameter than the preceding circle, areinscribed on the metal plate around the center circle.NOTE 3Plastic plates are subject to eventual crazing and abrasion lossof the inscribed circles.6.1.5
31、The mold as described in 6.1.3 is loosely filled with atest slurry mix and struck off. The mold and contents are theninverted in the center of the metal plate as described in 6.1.4 byplacing the inscribed surface of the metal plate on the slurry-filled cone which, while holding cone and plate firmly
32、 together,is quickly inverted. The mold is removed and the contentsallowed to flow over the inscribed circles until flow of theslurry stops. Project aggregate and emulsion grade are consid-ered essential for proper relevancy of the method.NOTE 4Referenced ISSATechnical Bulletin No. 106 titled “Measu
33、re-ment of Slurry Seal Consistency.”36.2 Set Time:6.2.1 This test method is used to determine the time requiredfor the slurry mat to reach initial set (resistance to paper blot).6.2.2 The slurry mix or mixtures that provide the desiredconsistency shall be repeated to determine their setting char-act
34、eristics. A mix passing the consistency test is poured onto a152 by 152-mm (6 by 6-in.) asphalt felt pad (13.6 kg (30 lb)roofing felt) and screeded to 6 mm (14 in.) thickness using a6-mm template. At the end of 15 min, at 25 6 1C (77 6 3F)D3910072and 506 5 % relative humidity, a white paper towel or
35、 tissueis lightly pressed or blotted on the slurry surface. If no brownstain is transferred to the paper, the slurry is considered set. Ifa brown stain does appear, repeat the blot procedure at 15-minintervals.After3hofblotting, 30-min (or longer) blot intervalswould be suitable. Record and report t
36、he time required toobtain a stain-free blot as the set time.6.3 Cure Time:6.3.1 Total cure of a slurry mat is obtained when completecohesion between asphalt-coated aggregate particles occurs. Acohesion testing device is used to measure cure time.6.3.2 A slurry mix of optimum design obtained from use
37、 ofthe consistency test (see 5.4.4), is screeded onto a roofing feltpad to a thickness not exceeding the height of the largestaggregate fragment present in the mix. A template is recom-mended to obtain uniform thickness of the slurry mat.6.3.3 After set of the slurry mat has occurred (5.4.5), themat
38、 is placed beneath the pneumatically actuated rubber foot(25.4 mm (1 in.) in diameter) of the cohesion tester (see 6.3.4).4A pressure of 193 kPa (285psi) is considered to be equivalentto that exerted by an average automobile. The rubber foot istwisted by means of a hand torque tester (see 6.3.4) whi
39、chreads in inch pounds or inch ounces (see Table 2). The torqueprocedure is repeated at 1530 min intervals until the highesttorque reading obtainable remains constant. An undisturbedsite on the slurry pad should be selected for each time-intervaltest. The time required to reach a constant maximum to
40、rque oruntil the rubber foot rides freely over slurry mat without anyaggregate particles being dislodged, is recorded as the curetime.6.3.4 Cohesion tester is a lightweight, portable device whichcan be adjusted to apply varying pressure to a slurry pad (seeFigs. 2 and 3). Torque can be applied with
41、a torqometer. Thecohesion tester can be used in the laboratory or field and can bepressured with in-house air, a portable compressor, or a simplebicycle tire pump.6.4 Wet Track Abrasion Test:6.4.1 Summary of Test Method:6.4.1.1 A slurry mixture of fine graded aggregate, asphaltemulsion, and water is
42、 prepared to a homogeneous flowingconsistency (see consistency test). The slurry is formed into a4A suitable rubber foot, having a durometer hardness range of 50 to 70, can becut from a used automobile tire.FIG. 1 Cone Consistency TestD3910073disk by pouring in the circular opening of a poly(methyl)
43、methacrylate (PMMA) template resting on a larger circlet of13.62-kg (30-lb) roofing felt.6.4.1.2 After removal of the template, the disk-shapedspecimen is dried to constant weight at 60C (140F). Thecured slurry is placed in a water bath for 1 h, then mechanicallyabraded under water with a rubber hos
44、e for 5 min. The abradedspecimen is washed free of debris, dried at 60C (140F) andweighed. The loss in weight expressed as grams per squaremetre (or square foot) is reported as the wear value (WTATloss).6.4.2 Apparatus:6.4.2.1 Balance, capable of weighing 5 000 g to within61.0 g.6.4.2.2 Planetary Ty
45、pe Mechanical Stirrer,5(such as theHobart Model N-50, Model C-100 or Model A-120 made bythe Hobart Manufacturing Co., Troy, Ohio) equipped with a(5-lb) weighted rubber hose holding device (abrasion head)with about 12.7-mm (12-in.) free up-and-down movement inthe shaft sleeve (Fig. 4).6.4.2.3 Heavy(1
46、8-in.) Flat-Bottom Metal Pan, approxi-mately 330 mm (13 in.) in diameter with 51-mm (2-in.) verticalside walls (20 gage or heavier) having four equispaced screwclamps capable of securing 285 mm (1114 in.) diameterspecimen to bottom of pan (Fig. 5).6.4.2.4 Suitable Heavy Gage Round Bottom Bowl, to co
47、n-tain the sample during mixing.6.4.2.5 Long-Handled Serving Spoon, of sufficient length toproject 101 mm (4 in.) or more out of the round bottom bowlduring stirring.6.4.2.6 Disks, supply of 286-mm (1114-in.) diameter, cutfrom 13.62-kg (30-lb) roofing felt.6.4.2.7 Equipment, used in specimen prepara
48、tion such as aspecial circular poly(methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) template 6mm (14 in.) thick with a 279-mm (11-in.) diameter circularopening (Fig. 6) and a 305 to 355-mm (12 to 14-in.) shorthandled window squeegee.6.4.2.8 Oven, forced-draft constant temperature thermostati-cally controlled at 60 6 3C
49、 (1406 5F) see SpecificationE 145 Type II B.6.4.2.9 Water Bath, constant-temperature, controlled at 2561C (77 6 2F).6.4.2.10 Reinforced Rubber Hose,6with a 19-mm (34-in.)inside diameter and 31-mm (1732-in.) outside diameter (twobraid, 300 psi, green oil-resistant cover). The hose shall be cutinto 127-mm (5-in.) lengths and drilled with two paired 9-mm(38-in.) holes aligned on 102-mm (4-in.) centers. Drill holesthrough convex and concave sides of hose.6.4.2.11 Wooden Prop Block or equivalent for supportingplatform assembly into position duri
