1、Designation: D 3994 02 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Performance Specification forWoven Swimwear Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers woven fabrics foruse in mens, womens and childrens swimwear, composed ofany textile fiber
3、or mixture of textile fibers.1.2 These requirements apply to the length and widthdirections for those properties where fabric direction is perti-nent.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method described in this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all
4、of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating
5、 to TextilesD 434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns inWoven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam3D 1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) ApparatusD 2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by theTongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rat
6、e-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor Textiles3D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)2.2
7、 AATCC Test Methods:48 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method15 Colorfastness to Perspirationn16 Colorfastness to Light23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes61 Colorfastness to Washing, Domestic, and Laundering,Commercial Accelerated106 Colorfastness to Water: Sea107 Colorfastness to Water1
8、16 Colorfastnessto Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethod129 Colorfastnessto Ozone in the Atmosphere Under HighHumidities135 DimensionalChanges in Automatic Home Launderingof Durable Press Woven or Knit Fabrics162 Colorfastness to Water: Chlorinated Pool172 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine Bleach i
9、n Home Laun-dering188 Colorfastness to Chlorine Bleach in Home LaunderingEvaluation Procedure No. 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure No. 2 Gray Scale for StainingEvaluation Procedure No. 3 AATCC Chromatic Transfer-ence Scale.2.3 Federal Standard:16 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability o
10、f Clothing Tex-tiles516 CFR, Chapter IIConsumer Product Safety Commis-sion, Subchapter DFlammable FabricsAct Regulations52.4 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes6NOTE 1Reference to test methods in this standard give only thepermanent part of the
11、 designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other testmethods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 swimwear, ntextile garments intended for wear infresh, chlorinated, or salt water.3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this specification,refer
12、to the individual ASTM and AATCC test methods and to1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 onApparel.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1981.
13、Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 3994 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdraw
14、n. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Prin
15、tingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Terminology D 123. De
16、finitions found in a dictionary ofcommon terms are suitable for terms used in this specification.4. Specification Requirements4.1 The properties of fabrics for woven swimwear shallconform to the specification requirements in Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purcha
17、ser and thesupplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meetall of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aestheticsthe ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics mayfind acceptable fabrics that do not conf
18、orm to all of therequirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of therequirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutualagreement between the purchaser and the supplier.5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shallspecify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D 3994,exc
19、ept for the following characteristic(s).”5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reachedbetween the purchaser and the supplier, and in case ofcontroversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended tobe used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumerdemands dictate varying performa
20、nce parameters for anyparticular style of fabric.5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and testmethods are discussed in the appropriate sections of thespecified test methods.6. Sampling6.1 Acceptance Testing LotUnless there is prior agree-ment consider as a lot for acceptance testing
21、 all material of asingle item received as a single shipment.6.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls as directed in an applicablespecification or other agreement between the purchaser and theseller, such as an agreement to use MIL-STD-105D.6.3 Laborator
22、y SampleFrom each roll or piece in the lotsample, cut two laboratory samples the full width of the fabricand at least 375 mm (15 in.) along the selvage.6.4 Test Specimens Take the number of specimens di-rected in each of the applicable test methods. Perform the testson the fabric as it will reach th
23、e customer. Any “partiallyfinished” or “post-finish” fabrics should be processed inaccordance with the fabric manufacturers instructions.6.5 If the applicable test method does not specify thenumber of specimens, use the procedures in Practice D 2905 toTABLE 1 Specification RequirementsNOTE 1Class in
24、 a, b, and c is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible or no color change or color transfer to 1 for very severe color changeor color transfer.Characteristic Requirements SectionBreaking strength (load)A(CRT): 7.1Nonstretch fabrics 133 N (30 lbf), minStretch fabrics 89 N (20 lbf), min 40 % o
25、r greaterelongationYarn slippage14-in. (6-mm) separation 89 N (20 lbf), min 7.2Tear strength (nonstretch direction) 6.7 N (1.5 lbf), min 7.3Dimensional change:Laundering 3 %, max 7.4.1Colorfastness:Burnt gas fumes1 cycle 7.5.1Shade change, originalfabric and after 1 laundering Class 4B,minChlorine B
26、leach Class 4B,min 7.5.10Non-Chlorine Bleach Class 4B,min 7.5.11Laundering 7.5.2Shade change Class 4B,minStaining Class 4C,minCrocking 7.5.3Dry Class 4D,minWet Class 4D,minWater 7.5.4Shade change Class 4B,minStaining Class 4C,minChlorinated Pool Class 4B7.5.5Perspiration 7.5.6Shade change Class 4BSt
27、aining Class 4CSea water 7.5.7Shade change Class 4B,minStaining Class 4C,minOzoneShade change Class 34B,minLight (20 AATCC FU) (xenon-arc) Step 4B,min 7.5.9Flammability Class 1 or Class 2 7.6ASee Note 2.BAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.CAATCC Gray Scale for Staining.DAATCC Chromatic Transference S
28、cale.D 3994 02 (2008)2determine the number of specimens per laboratory samplingunit. Use (1) a reliable estimate of the variability of individualobservations on similar materials in the users laboratory, (2)a95 % probability level, and ( 3) an allowable difference of 5 %of the average between the te
29、st results on laboratory samplingunits and the average for the laboratory sampling unit. Theaverage for a laboratory sampling unit is the average thatwould be obtained by applying the test method to all of thepotential specimens from that laboratory sampling unit.7. Test Methods7.1 Breaking Force De
30、termine the dry breaking force, inthe standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in TestMethod D 5034, using a constant rate of traverse (CRT) tensiletesting machine with the speed of the pulling clamp at 300 + 10mm (12 + 0.5 in.)/min.NOTE 2Fabrics that include fibers which are known to l
31、ose strengthwhen wet, such as rayon, should be tested for wet breaking strength, also.NOTE 3If preferred, the use of a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)testing machine is permitted. The crosshead speed should be as agreedbetween the purchaser and the supplier. There may be no overallcorrelation betwe
32、en the results obtained with the CRT and the CREmachines. Consequently these two breaking load testers cannot be usedinterchangeably. In case of controversy, the CRT machine shall prevail.7.2 Resistance to Yarn SlippageDetermine the resistanceto yarn slippage as directed in Test Method D 434.NOTE 4T
33、he precision of Test Method D 434 has not been established,and it may not be suitable for fabrics with low yarn counts in terms of thenumber of ends and picks per inch.7.3 Tear Strength Determine the tear strength in thenonstretch direction as directed in Test Method D 1424.NOTE 5If preferred, the u
34、se of Test Methods D 2261 or D 2262 ispermitted with existing requirements as given in this standard. There maybe no overall correlation between the results obtained by the tongue tearmethod and the Elmendorf method. Consequently these two tear testerscannot be used interchangeably. In case of contr
35、oversy, Test MethodD 1424 shall prevail.7.4 Dimensional Change:7.4.1 LaunderingDetermine the maximum dimensionalchange after five launderings as directed in the applicableprocedure in AATCC 135 or as agreed between the purchaserand supplier.7.4.1.1 The wash conditions and drying procedure shall beas
36、 agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.7.5 Colorfastness:7.5.1 Burnt Gas Fumes Determine the colorfastness toburnt gas fumes on the original fabric and after one launderingas directed in AATCC Test Method 23.NOTE 6Washing conditions shall be the same as those used in 7.4.1.1.7.5.2 Laundering
37、Determine the colorfastness to launder-ing as directed in the applicable procedure of AATCC TestMethod 61. The test conditions shall be agreed between thepurchaser and the supplier.7.5.3 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfast-ness to dry and wet crocking as directed in AATCC TestMethod 8 f
38、or solid shades and AATCC Test Method 116 forprints or as agreed between the purchaser and the supplier.7.5.4 Colorfastness to WaterDetermine the colorfastnessto water as directed in AATCC Test Method 107.7.5.5 Colorfastness to Water-Chlorinated PoolDeterminethe colorfastness as directed in AATCC Te
39、st Method 162.7.5.6 Colorfastness to PerspirationDetermine the color-fastness to perspiration as directed in AATCC Test Method 15.7.5.7 Colorfastness to Sea WaterDetermine the colorfast-ness to sea water as directed in AATCC Test Method 106.7.5.8 Colorfastness to OzoneDetermine the colorfastnessto o
40、zone as directed in AATCC Test Method 129.7.5.9 Colorfastness to LightDetermine the colorfastnessto light as directed in AATCC Test Method 16.NOTE 7There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed in AATCC Test Method 16, with nooverall correlations
41、 between them. Consequently, these machines cannotbe used interchangeably. In case of controversy, results obtained with theWater Cooled Xenon Arc machine listed in Option E shall prevail.7.5.10 Colorfastness to Chlorine BleachDetermine thecolorfastness to chlorine bleach as directed in AATCC TestMe
42、thod 188.7.5.11 Colorfastness to Non-Chlorine BleachDeterminethe colorfastness to non-chlorine bleach as directed in AATCCTest Method 172.7.6 Flammability The flammability requirements shall beas agreed between the purchaser and the supplier, providedthey meet or exceed those of Part 1610 of the Fla
43、mmableFabric Act Regulations.8. Keywords8.1 fabric; performance; specification; swimwearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of
44、 the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.
45、Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comme
46、nts have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3994 02 (2008)3
