1、Designation: D 4073 06Standard Test Method forTensile-Tear Strength of Bituminous Roofing Membranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile-tear strength of bituminous roofing membranes.1.2 The values stated in
3、SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and heal
4、th practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD 2829 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Built-UpRoofsD 3617 Practice for Samplin
5、g and Analysis of NewBuilt-Up Roof Membranes3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The tensile-tear strength of a membrane in both longi-tudinal and transverse directions is determined by measuringthe maximum load when notched specimens of specific dimen-sions are tested to failure at an arbitrary, fixed, ten
6、sile strainrate.4. Significance and Use4.1 Determining the tensile-tear strength of laboratory andfield samples of roofing membranes should be useful indeveloping performance criteria, and as one basis for compari-son of different materials and systems. The effects of tempera-ture, moisture, and agi
7、ng may be evaluated by appropriateselection of field samples or conditioning of laboratorysamples, and tests may be conducted in an environmentalchamber.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineUniversal or standard testing ma-chine with automatic load and strain recording equipment,capable of cross-head move
8、ment at a constant rate of 2.54mm/min (0.100 in./min).5.2 GripsSelf-aligning grips or clamps for holding thetest specimen between the stationary member and the movablemember or cross-head of the testing machine. Jaw faces of thegrips shall be 75 mm (3.0 in.) wide by 50 mm (2.0 in.) deep,shall provid
9、e uniform clamping pressure, and shall preventslippage of the specimen during test.5.3 Environmental ChamberAn insulated chamber withheating and cooling capabilities, designed to enclose the testspecimen and clamps so that the temperature may be controlledduring a test.6. Sampling6.1 Field SamplesFi
10、eld samples shall be taken in accor-dance with Practice D 2829 or D 3617 but of a size suitable toprovide sufficient material for testing in both the machine andcross-machine directions. In cases where field applied aggre-gate is in place, it shall be removed with a hot scraper such asa putty knife
11、without damaging the top felt. In cases where theinsulation facer is a part of the membrane system it should beincluded and so reported.6.2 Laboratory Samples:6.2.1 Condition all components at 23 6 2C (74 6 4F) and50 6 5 % relative humidity for a minimum of 72 h prior toconstructing the membrane sam
12、ple.6.2.2 Prepare sample membranes approximately 300 by 500mm (12 by 20 in.) as required by the roof specifications beingtested, exclusive of aggregate.6.2.3 The quantity of bitumen in any layer shall be within10 % of the quantity specified and the entire sample shall bewithin 5 %. (These requiremen
13、ts apply to laboratory preparedsamples only.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyappro
14、ved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4073 94 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AS
15、TM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Test Specimen7.1 Cut at least three test specimens, in each orientation tobe tested, of the laboratory prepared or field sampled mem-brane with a die or a sharp razor-knif
16、e using a metal templateto produce the shape shown in Fig. 1. Machine-direction (MD)test specimens shall be oriented with the long dimension of thetest specimen parallel to machine direction. Cross-machine-direction (CMD) test specimens shall be oriented with the longdimension of the test specimen p
17、arallel to cross-machinedirection.7.2 Specimens shall contain in the notch area (see Fig. 1) theminimum number of plies specified for the membrane.8. Conditioning8.1 Maintain specimens cut from field samples “as re-ceived,” or condition them for 72 h at any desired temperatureand humidity prior to t
18、esting under those conditions.8.2 Condition specimens cut from laboratory preparedsamples for a minimum of 72 h at 23 6 2C (74 6 4F) and50 6 5 % relative humidity, or any desired temperature andhumidity prior to testing under those conditions.9. Procedure9.1 Establish the desired conditions in the e
19、nvironmentalchamber, if used, and set the jaws of the self-aligning grips 100mm (4 in.) apart. Clamp the test specimen in the jaws so thatthe jaw faces cover a 75 mm (3 in.) wide by 50 mm (2 in.) deeparea of the specimen at each end.9.2 Start the testing machine and break the specimen intension with
20、 a constant rate of cross-head movement of 2.54mm/min (0.100 in./min). Record the maximum load in pounds-force (newtons) as the tensile-tear strength of the specimen.9.3 Determine the moisture content of specimens in accor-dance with Test Method D95immediately after breaking. Anymoisture condensed o
21、n the surface of the specimen should beremoved prior to testing moisture content.9.4 Unless another temperature is specified, test specimensat 23 6 2C (74 6 4F).10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Complete description of the membrane tested, in-cluding identification of all
22、components if possible.10.1.2 Source and location from which field samples wereobtained, the date obtained, and the date constructed; forlaboratory samples, the date constructed.10.1.3 Conditioning and testing procedure followed, includ-ing temperature and humidity, and the date of test.10.1.4 Tensi
23、le-tear strength of each specimen, and theaverage values in each direction for not less than threespecimens.10.1.5 Moisture content of specimens.11. Precision11.1 PrecisionBecause of the variations in felts andfabrics, repeatability and reproducibility may vary dependingupon the type of felt or fabr
24、ic and the number of plies in themembrane. Reproducibility may be expected to vary approxi-mately 7 % about the mean for similar samples.11.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for this test method, bias hasnot been determined.12. Keywords12.1 bitumino
25、us roofing membranes; field and laboratorysamples; tensile-tear strengthFIG. 1 Tensile Tear SpecimenD4073062ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised t
26、hat determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapp
27、roved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you
28、feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4073063
