1、Designation: D 4101 08Standard Specification forPolypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification is not intended for the selectio
3、n of materials but only as a means to call out plasticmaterials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection of these materials is to be made bypersonnel with expertise in the plastics field where the environment, inherent properties of thematerials, performance of the part, part design, m
4、anufacturing process, and economics are considered.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist ofhomopolymer, copolymers, and elastomer compounded with orwithout the addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylenerub
5、ber, polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber), colorants,stabilizers, lubricants, or reinforcements.1.2 This specification allows for the use of those polypro-pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, andreground, provided that: (1) the requirements as stated in thisspecification are me
6、t, and (2) the material has not beenmodified in any way to alter its conformance to food contactregulations or similar requirements. The proportions of re-cycled, reconstituted, and reground material used, as well asthe nature and the amount of any contaminant, cannot bepractically covered in this s
7、pecification. It is the responsibilityof the supplier and the buyer of recycled, reconstituted, andreground materials to ensure compliance. (See Guide D 7209.)1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.NOTE 1The properties included in this specification are those re-quired t
8、o identify the compositions covered. There may be other require-ments necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specificapplications. These will be designated by using the suffixes given inSection 1.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion,
9、 Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions
10、 prior to use.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusD 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage an
11、dDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD 256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD 257 Tes
12、t Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD 495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc Resistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD 570 Test Method for Wat
13、er Absorption of PlasticsD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent andTime of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 4101 - 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.a
15、stm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlasticsD 696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-pansion of Plastics Betwe
17、en 30C and 30C with aVitreous Silica DilatometerD 732 Test Method for Shear Strength of Plastics by PunchToolD 746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating MaterialsD 790 Test Methods for F
18、lexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion P
19、lastometerD 1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of PlasticsD 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature ofPlasticsD 1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (DielectricConstant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid Disp
20、lacementProceduresD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 1822 Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to BreakPlastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D2117 Test Method for Melting Point of SemicrystallinePolymers by the Hot Stage Micr
21、oscopy Method3D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum OxygenConcentration to Support Candle-L
22、ike Combustion ofPlastics (Oxygen Index)D 2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flex-ural Creep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD 3012 Test Method for Thermal-Oxidative Stability ofPolypropylene Using a Specimen Rotator Within an OvenD 3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalp
23、ies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD 3641 Practice for Injection Molding Test Specimens ofThermoplastic Molding and Extrusion MaterialsD 3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties ofPlastics Using Load and Displacement SensorsD 3801 Test Method
24、for Measuring the Comparative Burn-ing Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical PositionD 3835 Test Method for Determination of Properties ofPolymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary RheometerD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plasti
25、c Mate-rialsD 4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsD 4364 Practice for Performing Outdoor AcceleratedWeathering Tests of Plastics Using Concentrated SunlightD 4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards3D 4812 Test Method for Unnotched Cantilever Beam Im-pact Resistance of PlasticsD 5279
26、 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic MechanicalProperties: In TorsionD 5420 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, RigidPlastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by aFalling Weight (Gardner Impact)D 5630 Test Method for Ash Content in PlasticsD 5740 Guide for Writing Material Standards in th
27、e Clas-sification D 4000 FormatD 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensD6110 Test Method for Determining the Charpy ImpactResistance of Notched Specimens of PlasticsD 6290 Test Method for Color Determination of PlasticPelletsD 7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Re
28、covery,and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and ProductsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE 831 Test Method for Linear Therm
29、al Expansion of SolidMaterials by Thermomechanical Analysis2.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedure and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes42.3 DOT Standard:MVSS-302 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302Flammability of Interior Materials52.4 UL Standard:UL 94 Standard for Tests for
30、Flammability of PlasticMaterials for Parts in Devices and Appliances62.5 SAE Standards:7SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forExterior Finishes, Textiles and Color TrimSAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement forColorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim MaterialsSAE J1885
31、 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior3Withdrawn.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.5Available from U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration, Office of Public Affairs and Consu
32、mer Participation, 400 7th St.,SW, Washington, DC 20590.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.7Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D4101082Materials Usi
33、ng Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1960 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive ExteriorMaterials Using Controlled Irradiance Water CooledXenon-Arc ApparatusSAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions See Terminologies D 883 and D 4805 fordefi
34、nitions of terms related to this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 back pressure, nthe constant pressure that is appliedto the end of the screw while the screw is rotating andretracting to prepare for the next injection.3.2.2 brittle failure, none where the speci
35、men test area isbroken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges and showsalmost no plastic flow.3.2.3 cooling time, nthe time in which the material is inthe closed mold with no pressure applied.3.2.4 cycle time, nthe time required to complete a fullinjection molding cycle, including injection time,
36、 cooling time,and mold open time.3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, nthe tempera-ture at which a 80% of the specimens exhibit ductile failure3.2.6 ductile failure, none where the specimen deformsplastically before fracturing. One where the puncture of the testplaque does not have cracks r
37、adiating more than 10 mmbeyond the center of the impact point.3.2.7 injection pressure, nthe constant pressure that isapplied to the end of the screw causing the melted material tofill the mold. The injection pressure along with the injectionspeed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.
38、8 injection speed, nthe forward velocity of the screwduring the injection step.3.2.8.1 DiscussionInjection speed is a set position on theinjection molding machine ranging from slow to fast. Theinjection speed along with the injection pressure determines thevolumetric fill rate of the mold.3.2.9 inje
39、ction time, nthe time in which a constant speci-fied pressure is applied to the melted material.3.2.10 melt temperature, nthe temperature of the materialas it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.3.2.11 mold open time, nthe time beginning when themold is opened and ending when th
40、e mold is closed.3.2.12 mold temperature, nthe temperature of the moldduring the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and onboth platens.3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)a propylene plastic prepared bythe polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alphaolefins. (See also PP-B, PP-H, and PP-
41、R.)3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B,PP+EPR, or PP+EPDM)a propylene plastic consisting oftwo or more separate phases. The phases consist of a polypro-pylene homopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene randomcopolymer (PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olefinic elas-tomer having no other
42、 functional group, added in situ orphysically blended into the polypropylene matrix.3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)a propyleneplastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)a propy-lene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono
43、-mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic groupcopolymerized with propylene. Polypropylene random copoly-mers containing more than one additional monomer are oftencalled “terpolymers.”4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified intogroups according to bas
44、ic composition. These groups aresubdivided into classes and grades, as shown in Table PP.NOTE 3An example of this classification system is as follows. Thedesignation PP0113 would indicate: PP = polypropylene, as found inTerminology D 1600, 01 (group) = homopolymer, 1 (class) = generalpurpose, and 3
45、(grade) = with requirements given in Table PP.4.1.1 To facilitate the incorporation of future or specialmaterials not covered by Table PP, the “other/unspecified”category for group (00), class (0), and grade (0) is shown on thetable with the basic properties to be obtained from Table A,Table B, Tabl
46、e C, Table G, Table H, and Table T, as they apply(see 4.3).4.2 Reinforced versions of the polypropylene materials areclassified in accordance with Table PP, Table A, Table C, TableG, and Table T. Table PP, Table B, and Table H specify theproperties of the unreinforced material, and Tables A, C, G, o
47、rT specify the properties after the addition of reinforcements,pigments, fillers, or lubricants, at the nominal level indicated(see 4.2.1)4.2.1 Reinforcements and Additive MaterialsA symbol(single letter) will be used for the major reinforcement orcombinations thereof, along with two numbers that in
48、dicate thepercentage of addition by mass, with the tolerances as tabu-lated as follows:Symbol Material ToleranceG Glass reinforced15 % 63 percentage pointsL Lubricant (that is, graphite,silicone, and stearates)to be specifiedM Mineral-reinforced15 % 63 percentage pointsR Reinforced-combinations/mixt
49、ures of reinforcementsor other fillers/reinforcements63 percentage points based onthe total reinforcementNOTE 4This part of the system uses the type and percentage ofadditive to designate the modification of the base material. To facilitatethis designation, the type and percentage of additive can be shown on thesuppliers Technical Data Sheet, unless it is proprietary in nature. Ifnecessary, additional requirements shall be indicated by the use of thesuffix part of the system as given in Section 5.4.2.2 Specific requirements for reinforced, pigme
