1、Designation: D4180 13 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forVibratory Packing Density of Formed Catalyst Particles andCatalyst Carriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vibra-tory packing density of formed catal
3、yst and catalyst carriers.For the purpose of this test, catalyst particles are defined asextrudates, spheres, or formed pellets of 0.8 to 4.8-mm (132 to316-in.) nominal diameter.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationon
4、ly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
5、use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarrier
6、s to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3766 Terminology Relating to Catalysts and CatalysisE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study
7、 toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylin-ders3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D3766.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A preconditioned sample of formed catalyst or catalystcarrier is vibrated in a cylinder. The vibratory packing densi
8、tyis determined from a known mass and vibrated volume.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is to be used for measuring thevibratory packing density of formed particles that will notbreak up during sampling, filling, or vibrating of the measuringcylinder under test conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 G
9、lass Cylinders, capacity 250 mL, feed and measuring,conforming to Specification E1272, Class A.6.2 Vibrator,3conventional handheld, with hard rubber ormetal impactor.6.3 Feed Funnel, plastic, glass, or metal as shown in Fig. 1.6.4 Ring Stand, Vibrator Holder and Clamps as shown inFigs. 2 and 3.6.5 D
10、esiccator, with a desiccant grade molecular sieve suchas a No. 4A.6.6 Balance having sensitivity of 0.1 g.6.7 Drying Oven.7. Procedure7.1 Heat an adequate sample(s) at 400 6 15C for not lessthan 3 h. Normally, this treatment can take place in air.However, in the case of materials that might react wi
11、th air atelevated temperatures (such as prereduced catalysts) the heattreatment should take place in an inert atmosphere. Cool after1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D32 onCatalysts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D32.02 on Physical-Mechanical Properties.
12、Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4180 13. DOI:10.1520/D4180-13R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book
13、of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the vibrator known to the committee at this timeis Wahl Clipper Corp., Sterling, IL. Model 4120 used at low speed is recommendedto replace Model 4180, which is discontin
14、ued. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
15、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the Wor
16、ld Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1heating the test sample(s) in a desiccator or other suitablecontainer to eliminate the possibility of moisture adsorptionprior to testing.NOTE 1These conditions may not be appropriate for all materials.NOTE 2Since many catalyst formu
17、lations are strong adsorbents, theuse of a No. 4A indicating (cobalt-treated) molecular sieve as a desiccat-ing medium is suggested. The desiccant should be regenerated at 220 to260C as required.7.2 Fill a tared feed-glass cylinder with 250 mL of looselypacked, dried catalyst and weigh immediately t
18、o the nearest0.1 g.7.3 Turn on the vibrator and carefully add the sample(s) tothe measuring cylinder through the feed funnel.7.4 Transfer all the catalyst to the measuring cylinder at auniform rate not less than 2 mL/s or exceeding 3 mL/s. Theentire transfer time should be between 83 and 125 s.7.5 A
19、fter an additional 60 s turn off vibrator. Read thevibrated volume, V, to the nearest 1 mL by estimating theaverage level of the catalyst surface in the cylinder.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the vibratory packing density VPD as follows:VPD 5 W/Vwhere:W = mass of catalyst particles, g, andV = volume o
20、ccupied by catalyst particles in measuringcylinder, mL.8.2 Vibratory packing densities are typically reported tothree significant figures.9. Precision and Bias49.1 Test ProgramAn interlaboratory study was conductedin which the named property was measured in two separate testmaterials in five separat
21、e laboratories. Practice E691, modifiedfor nonuniform data sets, was followed for the data reduction.9.2 PrecisionPairs of test results obtained by a proceduresimilar to that described in the study are expected to differ inabsolute value by less than 2.772 S, where 2.772 S is the 95 %probability int
22、erval limit on the difference between two testresults, and S is the appropriate estimate of standard deviation.Definitions and usage are given in Terminology E456 andPractice E177, respectively.Test Result(consensus mean),kg/L95 % RepeatabilityInterval(within laboratory)kg/L (% of mean)95 % Reproduc
23、ibilityInterval(between laboratories),kg/L (% of mean)0.68021.19980.003 (0.48)0.007 (0.55)0.013 (1.94)0.041 (3.40)9.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of the vibratory packing density can bedefined only in terms of a test method.10. Keywords10.1 carriers; catalyst;
24、packing density; vibratory4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D32-1018.FIG. 1 Feed FunnelD4180 13 (2018)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with a
25、ny item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technica
26、l committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration
27、at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
28、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Assembly of ApparatusFIG. 3 Vibrator HolderD4180 13 (2018)3
