1、Designation: D 4381 06Standard Test Method forSand Content by Volume of Bentonitic Slurries1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the sandcontent of bentonitic slurries used in slurry constructiontechniques. This test met
3、hod has been modified from APIRecommended Practice 13B.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the app
4、licability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard:API RP 13B Recommended Practice Standard Procedurefor Testing Drilling Fluids33. Terminology3.1 Fo
5、r definitions of terms relating to this test method, referto Terminology D 653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The glass measuring tube of the sand-screen set (Fig. 1)is filled with bentonitic slurry and water to the appropriatemarks and is shaken. The mixture is poured through the wetscreen. The funne
6、l is fitted over the top of the screen and theassembly inverted, inserting the tip of the funnel into the glassmeasuring tube. All material is washed from the screen and theamount of sand read in the graduated tube, as percent byvolume.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18
7、 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on HydrologicProperties and Hydraulic Barriers.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 438184(2006).2For referenced ASTM standards,
8、 visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 2101 L St., NW, Washington,DC 20037.NOTE 1
9、Photo courtesy of N. L. BaroidN. L. Industries, Inc.,Houston, TX.FIG. 1 Sand-Content Set1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the amount of sand byvolume in bentonitic s
10、lurry. The significance of this testmethod mainly relates to bentonitic slurries used for concretewall construction. The range of measurement is too limited foruse in cement bentonite wall construction.6. Apparatus6.1 Sand-Content Set (see Fig. 1), consisting of the follow-ing:6.1.1 Sieve, No. 200 m
11、esh (75-m), 2 in. (50 mm) indiameter.6.1.2 Funnel, to fit screen and glass measuring tube.6.1.3 Measuring Tube, glass tube should be marked from 0to 20 % by volume.NOTE 1Volume of sand, including void spaces between grain, ismeasured and expressed as percent by volume of bentonitic slurry.7. Procedu
12、re7.1 Fill the glass measuring tube to the designated markwith bentonitic slurry.7.2 Add water to the next designated mark.7.3 Close the mouth of the tube and shake vigorously.7.4 Pour the mixture into the clean, wet No. 200 (75-m)mesh sieve.7.5 Discard the liquid which passes through the sieve.7.6
13、Add more water to the tube, shake, and pour into thesieve. Repeat until the water which passes through the sieve isclear.7.7 Wash the sand retained on the sieve to clean anyremaining slurry.7.8 Attach the funnel upside down over the top of the sieve.7.9 Carefully invert the assembly and insert the t
14、ip of thefunnel into the mouth of the glass measuring tube.7.10 With a fine spray of water, wash the sand retained onthe sieve back into the measuring tube.7.11 Allow the sand to settle.7.12 Read the volume of sand from the graduations on theglass tube as a percent of the volume of bentonitic slurry
15、originally added in 7.1.7.13 Wash and dry all equipment thoroughly after each test.8. Precision and Bias8.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented dueto the nature of this test method and the bentonite slurry-sandmixture. Having ten or more agencies participate in an in situtesting program
16、 at a given site is either not feasible or toocostly at this time.8.1.1 Subcommittee D18.04 is seeking any data from theusers of this test method that might be used to make a limitedstatement on precision.8.1.2 The results of this test obtained at a given site by asingle operator are usually within
17、1-2%.8.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod. Therefore, bias cannot be determined.9. Keywords9.1 bentonite; sand; slurryASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of
18、 this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five
19、 years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical co
20、mmittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4381062
