1、Designation: D4417 14Standard Test Methods forField Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast CleanedSteel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the descriptio
3、n of techniquesfor measuring the profile of abrasive blast cleaned surfaces inthe laboratory, field, or in the fabricating shop. There areadditional techniques suitable for laboratory use not covered bythese test methods.1.2 Method B may also be appropriate to the measurementof profile produced by u
4、sing power tools.1.3 SSPC standard SSPC PA 17 provides additional guid-ance for determining conformance with surface profile require-ments.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport t
5、o address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
6、s:2D7127 Test Method for Measurement of Surface Roughnessof Abrasive Blast Cleaned Metal Surfaces Using a Por-table Stylus InstrumentE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Meth
7、od2.2 SSPC Standard:3SSPC PA 17 Procedure for Determining Conformance toSteel Profile/Surface Roughness/Peak Count Require-ments3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The methods are:3.1.1 Method AThe blasted surface is visually comparedto standards prepared with various surface profile depths andthe range de
8、termined.3.1.2 Method BThe depth of profile is measured using afine pointed probe at a number of locations and the arithmeticmean of the maximum peak-to-valley distances is determined.3.1.3 Method CA composite plastic tape is impressed intothe blast cleaned surface forming a reverse image of the pro
9、file,and the maximum peak to valley distance measured withthickness gage specifically designed for use with the replicatape method.4. Significance and Use4.1 The height of surface profile has been shown to be afactor in the performance of various coatings applied to steel.For this reason, surface pr
10、ofile should be measured prior tocoating application to ensure that it meets that specified. Theinstruments described are readily portable and sufficientlysturdy for use in the field.NOTE 1Optical microscope methods serve as a referee method forsurface profile measurement methods A and B. Profile de
11、pth designationsare based on the concept of mean maximum profile (hmax); this value isdetermined by averaging a given number (usually 20) of the highest peakto lowest valley measurements made in the field of view of a standardmeasuring microscope. This is done because of evidence that coatingsperfor
12、mance in any one small area is primarily influenced by the highestsurface features in that area and not by the average roughness.45. Apparatus5.1 Method AA profile comparator consisting of a numberof areas (each approximately one square inch in size), usually1These test methods are under the jurisdi
13、ction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2
14、011 as D4417 11. DOI:10.1520/D4417-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society
15、 for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.4John D. Keane, Joseph A. Bruno, Jr., Raymond E. F. Weaver, “Surface Profilefor Anti-Corrosion Paints,” Oct. 25, 1976, Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213.Copyrig
16、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1side by side, with a different profile or anchor pattern depth.Each area is marked giving the nominal profile depth in mils ormicrometres. Typical comparator surfaces are prepared withsteel sho
17、t, steel grit, or sand or other nonmetallic abrasive,since the appearance of the profile created by these abrasivesmay differ. The comparator areas are used with or withoutmagnification of 5 to 10 power.5.2 Method BA depth micrometer fitted with a pointedprobe. The probe is typically machined at a 6
18、0 included anglewith a nominal radius of 50 m and exerting a minimum forceof 75 g. The base of the instrument rests on the tops of thepeaks of the surface profile while the spring loaded tip projectsinto the valleys.5.3 Method CA replica tape5containing a compressiblefoam attached to a flexible, inc
19、ompressible plastic substrate ofuniform thickness. A burnishing tool, having a sphericalrounded end approximately 8 mm (0.3 in.) in diameter, is usedto impress the foam face of the tape into the surface to bemeasured, to create a reverse replica. The thickness of thereverse replica is then measured
20、using a thickness gagespecifically designed for use with this replica tape. Thissequence of steps is illustrated in Fig. 1.5.4 Thickness gages suitable for use in this application haveplane parallel circular contact surfaces with the top contactsurfaces with the top contact surface that touches the
21、incom-pressible polyester side having a diameter of 6.3 mm (0.25 in.),a closing force of 100 grams-force 615 g and an accuracy ofat least 65 m (0.2 mils).6. Test Specimens6.1 Use any metal surface that, after blast cleaning, is free ofloose surface interference material, dirt, dust, and abrasiveresi
22、due.7. Procedure7.1 Method A:7.1.1 Select the comparator standard appropriate for theabrasive used for blast cleaning.7.1.2 Place the comparator standard directly on the surfaceto be measured and compare the roughness of the preparedsurface with the roughness on the comparator segments. Thiscan be d
23、one with the unaided eye, under 5 to 10 powermagnification, or by touch. When using magnification, themagnifier should be brought into intimate contact with thestandard, and the depth of focus must be sufficient for thestandard and surface to be in focus simultaneously.7.1.3 Select the comparator se
24、gment that most closelyapproximates the roughness of the surface being evaluated or,if necessary, the two segments to which it is intermediate.7.1.4 Evaluate the roughness at a sufficient number oflocations to characterize the surface as specified or agreed uponbetween the interested parties. Report
25、 the range of results fromall locations as the surface profile.7.2 Method B:7.2.1 Prior to use verify that the gage reads zero by placingit on a piece of plate float glass. Hold the gage by its base andpress firmly against the glass. Adjust the instrument to zero ifnecessary.7.2.2 To take readings,
26、hold the gage firmly against theprepared substrate. Do not drag the instrument across thesurface between readings, or the spring-loaded tip may becomerounded leading to false readings.7.2.3 Measure the profile at a sufficient number of locationsto characterize the surface, as specified or agreed upo
27、n betweenthe interested parties. At each location make ten readings andrecord the maximum value. Then determine the mean for allthe location maximum values and report it as the profilemeasurement of the surface.7.3 Method C:7.3.1 Confirm that the target profile is within the primaryprofile measureme
28、nt range for replica tape of 20 to 115 m.Grades (thicknesses) of tape permit measurement outside this5The sole source of supply of suitable replica tape, Press-O-Film, known to thecommittee at this time is Testex, 8 Fox Lane, Newark, DE 19711. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please proved
29、this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1) The tape consists of a compressible foam coated onto an incompressible polyester substrate.2) In use, the tape is compresse
30、d (“burnished”) against the roughened surface to be measured.3) After burnishing, the foam retains an impression of the surface.4) Subsequent measurement of the replicas thickness, minus that of the substrate, yields surface roughness.FIG. 1 Illustration of Replica Tape Principle of MeasurementD4417
31、 142range, but these additional grades should only be used to checkmeasurements near the ends of the primary range.7.3.2 Follow manufacturer instructions to obtain the first (oftwo) profile readings.7.3.3 The average of two “readings” is a “profile measure-ment.” Manufacturer recommendations provide
32、 guidance onwhether these two readings should both be obtained with thesame tape grade or two different grades.8. Report8.1 Report the range and the appropriate average (mean ormode) of the determinations, the number of locationsmeasured, and the approximate total area covered.9. Precision and Bias9
33、.1 Test Method A:9.1.1 ApplicabilityBased on measurements of profiles onsurfaces of 8 steel panels, each blast cleaned with 1 of 8different abrasives to a white metal degree of cleaning, havingknown ratings of profile height ranging from 37 m (1.5 mils)to 135 m (5.4 mils), the correlation coefficien
34、t for TestMethod A was found to be 0.75 and the coefficient ofdetermination was found to be 0.54.9.1.2 PrecisionIn an interlaboratory study of Test MethodA in which 2 operators each running 2 tests on separate days ineach of 6 laboratories tested 8 surfaces with a broad range ofprofile characteristi
35、cs and levels, the intralaboratory coefficientof variation was found to be 20 % with 141 df and theinterlaboratory coefficient was found to be 19 % with 40 df,after rejecting 3 results for one time because the range betweenrepeats differed significantly from all other ranges. Based onthese coefficie
36、nts, the following criteria should be used forjudging, at the 95 % confidence level, the acceptability ofresults:9.1.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by the same operator should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more than 56 %.9.1.2.2 ReproducibilityTwo re
37、sults, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by operators in different laboratoriesshould be considered suspect if they differ by more than 54 %.9.2 Test Method B:9.2.1 ApplicabilityBased on measurements of profiles onsurfaces of 8 steel panels, each blast cleaned with 1 of 8different abrasives
38、to a white metal degree of cleaning, havingknown ratings of profile height ranging from 37 m (1.5 mils)to 135 m (5.4 mils), the correlation coefficient for TestMethod B was found to be 0.99 and the coefficient ofdetermination was found to be 0.93.9.2.2 PrecisionIn an interlaboratory study of Test Me
39、thodB in which 2 operators, each running 2 tests on separate days,in each of 5 laboratories tested 8 surfaces with a broad range ofprofile characteristics and levels, the intralaboratory coefficientof variation was found to be 19 % with 113 df and theinterlaboratory coefficient was found to be 28 %
40、with 32 df,after rejecting 3 results for one time because the range betweenrepeats differed significantly from all other ranges. Based onthese coefficients, the following criteria should be used forjudging, at the 95 % confidence level, the acceptability ofresults:9.2.2.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, e
41、ach the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by the same operator should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more than 54 %.9.2.2.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of fourreplicates, obtained by operators in different laboratoriesshould be considered suspect if they differ by more than 79 %
42、.9.3 Method C:9.3.1 The precision of Test Method C is based on aintralaboratory study conducted in 2011. Eleven laboratoriesparticipated in this study, analyzing materials representing fivedifferent property types. Each “test result” reported representsan individual determination and the participati
43、ng labs reportedthree replicate test results for each material type. Practice E691was followed for the design and analysis of the data; the detailsare given inASTM Research Report: RR:D01-1177.6Values inTable 1 are taken from the foregoing report.9.3.2 The reproducibility standard deviation (SR) Doc
44、u-mented in Table 1 for each of five levels of profile, is key toassessing whether a given measurement is statistically differentfrom either an upper or lower profile limit established inadvance by the interested parties.9.3.3 The term “reproducibility standard deviation” is usedas specified in Prac
45、tice E177.9.3.4 A measured profile that is within either limit of apre-specified range by an amount equal to SRhasa68%probability of satisfying specification. A profile within 1.5 SRof a specified limit has a 86 % probability of satisfyingspecification and a profile within 2.0 SRof a specified limit
46、 hasa 95 % probability of satisfying the specification.9.3.5 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 160 test results, reported by elevenlaboratories, on five surfaces of differing profile covering theapproximate profile range of 30 to 110 m (1.2 to 4.4 mils).The f
47、ive surfaces bore the internal control code numbers 102,114, 124, 124, and 119.9.4 BiasAt the time of this study, there was no generallyaccepted reference method suitable for determining the bias forthis test method, therefore no formal statement regarding biasis being made.6Supporting data have bee
48、n filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1177. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 Profile Measurement StatisticsCoded SurfaceID NumberAverage ReplicaTape Profile(mils)Replica TapeReproducibilityStandard Deviation(mils)SR10
49、2 1.29 0.12114 2.65 0.23124 2.79 0.18121 3.75 0.15119 4.22 0.18D4417 1439.4.1 Nevertheless, testing in support of Test Method D7127relied on measurements of the same roughness test panels usedto determine precision for method C of this standard. Com-parison of data obtained using these two procedures gives ameasure of relative method bias. Table 2 presents these data.9.4.2 Fig. 2 is a plot of replica tape-determined profileagainst the Portable-Stylus-Instrument-determined parameterRt. A least-square straight line fitted to profiles for the fivesurfaces
