1、Designation: D4458 09Standard Test Method forChloride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4458; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2is applicable to the measurement ofchloride in highly mineralized waters such as oil field brines,seawater, and b
3、rackish water. The test method is based uponthe titration of chloride with silver nitrate, using a visualindicator.1.2 Samples containing from 10 to 150 mg of chloride canbe analyzed by this test method. These levels are achieved bydilution as described in the test method.1.3 The values stated in SI
4、 units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 It is the users responsibility to assure the validity of themethod for untested types of water.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use
5、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD277
6、7 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous SamplesD5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Water Analys
7、is3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D1129.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is based upon the Mohr procedure fordetermining chloride ion with silver nitrate. The chloride reactswith the silver ion before any silver chrom
8、ate forms, due to thelower solubility of silver chloride. The potassium chromateindicator reacts with excess silver ion to form a red silverchromate precipitate. The end point is the appearance of thefirst permanent orange color.4.2 This test method is suitable for analyzing solutions witha pH betwe
9、en 6.0 and 8.5.5. Significance and Use5.1 Chloride is present in virtually all oil field brines,seawaters, and many waste waters. Identification of the originof the water and selection of its disposal method may be basedupon the chloride content. The chloride content is also used toestimate the resi
10、stivity of formation waters and to differentiatebetween subsurface formations.6. Interferences6.1 Sulfide, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, cyanide, phos-phate, sulfite, carbonate, hydroxide, and iron interfere in thistest method. Sulfide, sulfite, and thiosulfate can be removedwith a peroxide treatmen
11、t, but usually no attempt is made toremove bromide and iodide because they are usually present ininsignificant quantities compared to chloride. If necessary, thepH can be raised and the hydroxides of several metals,including iron, can be filtered off. Iron, barium, lead, andbismuth precipitate with
12、the chromate indicator.7. Apparatus7.1 Laboratory Glassware.7.2 Buret, 25-mL capacity.7.3 Hotplate.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of D19.05 Inorganic Constituents in Water.05 onInorganic Constituents in Water.Current edition
13、 approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4458 05. DOI:10.1520/D4458-09.2Hillebrand, W. F., Lundell, G. E. F., Bright, H.A., and Hoffman, J. I., AppliedInorganic Analysis, 2nd Ed., 732, John Wiley brines; chloride ion; seaw
14、ater; silvernitrateSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D19 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D4458 05) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved October 1, 2009.)(1) The SI statement was added to Section 1.(2) Section 13.2 was modified to reflect
15、 the titration standard-ization process.(3) Sections 13.3.2 and 13.6.3 were modified.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of th
16、e validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. You
17、r comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments
18、 have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4458 094
