1、Designation: D 4592 05Standard Specification forPreformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape forLimited Service Life1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers white or yellow preformedretroreflective pavement marking tapes that are designed
3、toprovide a service life of typically 3 to 6 months, on roads withup to 15 000 average daily traffic count (ADT).1.2 The tapes are intended for use as longitudinal, trans-verse, or word/symbol pavement markings that provide delin-eation day and night. The tapes may be either removable ornonremovable
4、.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-tionsD 4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of HorizontalCoatingsD 6628 Specifi
5、cation for Color of Pavement Marking Ma-terialsE 303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Prop-erties Using the British Pendulum TesterE 1710 Test Method for Measurement of RetroreflectivePavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Geom-etry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer2.2 Federal
6、Standard:3Fed Std Test Method 1412.3 CIE Publications:4No. 15.2 ColorimetryNo. 39.2 Recommendations for Surface Colours for VisualSignaling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 limited service life or perioda minimum serviceperiod of three months when placed in accordance with themanufacturers recomme
7、nded procedures on pavement sur-faces having no more than 15 000 average daily traffic/lane.NOTE 115 000 ADT per lane is typical of heavily traveled roads suchas interstate highways through major urban areas.3.1.2 preformed tapecontinuous, flexible pavement mark-ing material that is essentially comp
8、lete and that may be affixedto or imbedded in the road surface without fundamentallyaltering its configuration.3.1.3 retroreflectionreflection in which radiation is re-turned in directions close to the direction from which it came,this property being maintained over wide variations of thedirection o
9、f the incident radiation.3.1.4 retroreflectorsurface or device that reflects andreturns a relatively high proportion of light in a direction closeto the light source. This characteristic is maintained over awide variation of the angle made by the incident light ray andthe normal to the retroreflecti
10、ve surface.3.1.5 surface patterna pattern on the surface, in which theraised areas are a minimum of 0.8 mm (31 mils) high andoccupy approximately 50 % of the surface area, presenting asubstantial area of nearly vertical face to traffic from anyapproach.4. Classification4.1 Pavement marking tape manu
11、factured according to thisspecification shall be identified as Type I or Type II:4.1.1 Type I (Removable)Marking tapes, after serving theintended limited service life, shall be removable from asphaltor portland cement concrete surfaces at pavement temperaturesabove 4C (40F) intact or in pieces no le
12、ss than about 600 cm2in area, either manually or with a mechanical device withoutthe use of heat, solvents, grinding, or blasting that woulddamage or discolor the pavement so as to leave an impressedtraffic lane mark.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Pavi
13、ng Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 onHighway Traffic Control Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4592 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
14、 www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Ave,Philadelphia, PA 19120.4Available from USNC-CIE
15、Publications Office, TLA Lighting Consultants,Inc., 7 Pond Street, Salem, MA 01970.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2 Type II (Non-Removable)This type of tape shall notbe required to have removal characteristics as
16、 in 4.1.1.NOTE 2Type II tapes are most often used for short term applicationsin which markings are paved over during successive road constructionoperations.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser using this specification shall include thefollowing information:5.1.1 ASTM designation (D 4592),5.1.2 C
17、lassification Type (I or II; see 4.1),5.1.3 Daytime color (See 6.3),5.1.4 Width and length of rolls, and5.1.5 Any additional information.6. Requirements6.1 Physical Requirements:6.1.1 The marking tape shall be a reflective film coated witha pressure-sensitive adhesive with or without a protective li
18、ner.6.1.2 The marking tape shall be flexible and shall conformto the typical road pavement surface.6.1.3 The marking tape shall adhere to asphalt or portlandcement concrete roadway surfaces when applied according tothe manufacturers recommended procedures on pavementsurfaces having temperatures down
19、 to 10C (50F) at the timeof application.6.1.4 Immediately following application, the tape shall notrequire a cure or set time prior to opening to traffic.6.1.5 The tape as supplied shall be free of cracks, and havetrue, straight, and unbroken edges. The actual width of rolls ofpreformed marking tape
20、 used for striping shall be no less thanthe nominal (stated) width and no more than 3 mm (18 in.)greater than the nominal width. The length shall be no less thanthe stated length.6.2 Retroreflection:6.2.1 The marking tape shall be retroreflective, reflectingwhite or yellow, respectively, and shall b
21、e readily visible whenviewed with automobile headlights at night and shall haveminimum reflective values as shown in Table 1 when measuredin accordance with the photometric testing procedures of TestMethod D 4061 or E 1710.NOTE 3Retroreflectance may be dependent on the direction in whichthe material
22、 is manufactured (in other words, upweb RLmay differ fromdownweb RL.)6.2.2 The retroreflectance of the marking tape shall bemeasured in one roll-winding direction and then re-measuredin the opposite direction. Both measured values shall complywith the stated RLminimum.6.2.3 Reflective values shall b
23、e expressed as coefficient ofretroreflected luminance (RL) in millicandelas per square metreper lux.6.3 Color:6.3.1 The white and yellow marking tape shall conform tothe requirements of Specification D 6628.6.4 Adhesion:6.4.1 Asample of tape, 25.4 mm in width, applied accordingto the manufacturers r
24、ecommended procedure and tested inaccordance with Test Methods D 1000, shall have minimumadhesion values as shown in Table 2.6.5 Skid Resistance:6.5.1 The Type I marking tape shall have an averageminimum frictional resistance value of 45 BPN (British Pen-dulum Number) when tested according to Test M
25、ethod E 303.NOTE 4Skid resistance is not required for Type II non-removabletapes that are typically applied for a short duration and then paved over.NOTE 5Skid resistance levels of 45 BPN correspond to tapes havingexposed retroreflective glass beads. Higher levels of skid resistance areachievable wi
26、th the addition of skid-resistant elements.NOTE 6For tapes with a surface pattern, results are often quitevariable. These tapes may be tested in a direction parallel to the flow oftraffic and 45 from the direction of traffic, and the results averaged.7. Durability and Wear Resistance7.1 Factors Affe
27、cting Durability and Wear Resistance:7.1.1 Features of the pavement marking tape, such asthickness and wear surface material, may affect durability. Ingeneral, thicker materials wear longer than thinner materials ofthe same composition. Wear surfaces composed of hardermaterials, such as urethanes, m
28、ay be more durable than thosemade of softer materials, like vinyl.7.1.2 Roadway characteristics affect durability. Rough roadsurfaces, porous surfaces, and high traffic volumes tend todecrease service life of markings. A high percentage of largevehicles tends to decrease service life. Locations wher
29、e ve-hicles encroach or turn on the markings decrease service life.Techniques and materials used for control of ice and snow alsoaffect durability.7.2 Because no practical laboratory procedures have beendetermined to provide complete, reliable, predictive informa-tion on durability and wear resistan
30、ce, the user is encouraged toseek information from alternate sources.NOTE 7The National Transportation Product Evaluation Program,administered by AASHTO, publishes data on the durability of manypavement marking tapes gathered from various annual test decks. Thesedecks feature a wide variety of condi
31、tions, which may or may not beapplicable to the users needs.8. Storage8.1 Storage CharacteristicsThe marking tape as suppliedshall have a minimum shelf life of one year from the date ofpurchase when stored at temperatures between 10 and 38C(50 and 100F).TABLE 1 Reflective Values for Dry Samples (mcd
32、 m2) lx1(mcd ft2(fc)1)EntranceAngleObservationAngleMinimum Reflective Value, (RL)White Yellow88.76 1.05 500 300TABLE 2 AdhesionApplicationTemperatureC (F)TestTemperatureC (F)Minimum Adhesion,N10 (50) 10 (50) 4.8824 (75) 24 (75) 4.8846 (115) 46 (115) 4.88D45920529. Packaging and Marking9.1 The markin
33、g tape shall be packaged in rolls and thereshall be no more than 3 splices/50 m (164 ft) of length.9.2 The tape shall be packaged in accordance with acceptedcommercial standards.10. Keywords10.1 pavement marking; pavement marking tape; retrore-flectance; tapeANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DISCUSSIO
34、N OF “30-METRE” GEOMETRYA1.1 The European Committee for Standardization (CEN)originally developed the geometry used in this standard formeasuring the retroreflectance of preformed tape (entranceangle 88.76 and observation angle 1.05). The angles werederived using theoretically typical heights for he
35、adlamps anddrivers eyes. These heights were further simplified by assum-ing a single headlamp is mounted directly under the driverseye (see Fig. A1.1). The geometry is considered a goodapproximation for drivers viewing preformed tape on a flatroad, 30 m ahead of a car. Practical measures of retroref
36、lec-tance at distances beyond 30 m have not yet been developed.FIG. A1.1 CEN 30 Metre GeometryObservation and Entrance Angles for Simplified CEN CarD4592053ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard
37、. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
38、every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible te
39、chnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4592054
