1、Designation: D4619 12Standard Practice forInspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas DesulfurizationSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting in-spections of the conditions of various linings in operating FlueGas
3、Desulfurization (FGD) system components.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory
4、limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C805 Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Con-creteC856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of HardenedConcreteD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on PaintedSteel Surf
5、acesD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings UsingPortable Adhesion TestersD6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by KnifeD7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of
6、DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals2.2 SSPC Standards:3SSPC-PA 2 Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness withMagnetic GagesSSPC-VIS 2 Standard Method of Evaluating Degree ofRusting on Painted Steel Surfa
7、ces3. Significance and Use3.1 Periodic inspections are essential to evaluate liningperformance, to detect existing damage potential problems, andto plan scheduled maintenance. The frequency of these inspec-tions may diminish or increase with time depending uponlining performance.4. Recordkeeping4.1
8、Lining condition will depend on the operating condi-tions experienced by the lining systems. Records of theseconditions that are maintained by the owner/operator should beevaluated for potential effects upon the linings. These mayinclude:4.1.1 Dates of lining installation and initial operation,4.1.2
9、 Solution/gas temperatures in lined components,4.1.3 Solution/gas chemistry (pH, composition),4.1.4 Start up/shut down dates,4.1.5 Gas velocities and particulate loading, and4.1.6 Ambient conditions.4.2 Any known change in the process criteria or modifica-tions of the physical design shall be identi
10、fied and dated.4.3 All past history pertaining to the lining systems shouldbe available during the inspection process. They may include:4.3.1 Copies of existing lining specifications and installa-tion procedures.4.3.2 Quality control documents of the existing lining in-stallation.4.3.3 Copies of pre
11、vious inspection reports.4.3.4 Documentation pertaining to any maintenance of ex-isting lining systems.5. Inspection Team5.1 The owner/operator should select a team of experiencedpersonnel to conduct the inspection. Personnel representing thefollowing may be included:5.1.1 Owners representative,5.1.
12、2 Lining manufacturer,5.1.3 Lining applicator,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on ProtectiveCoating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D33.09 on Protective Lining for FGD Systems.Current edition approved Feb.
13、1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4619 96 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/D4619-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
14、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
15、-2959, United States.5.1.4 Equipment designer,5.1.5 Architect engineer,5.1.6 Third party inspectors, and5.1.7 System designer.6. Hazards6.1 All safety requirements of OSHA and the owner/operator, must be met when performing all inspection opera-tions. Residues, including acids, heavy metals, or othe
16、r haz-ardous materials, may be present in deposits, on the liningsurfaces, or in the atmosphere. Precautions shall be taken toprotect personnel. Confined entry safety requirements shall beadhered to where applicable.7. Pre-Inspection Procedure7.1 Prior to conducting an inspection of the lining, theo
17、wner/operator shall ensure that the following services andequipment are provided.7.1.1 SafetyThe inspection team shall verify that theequipment being inspected has been made safe for entry. Thisshall include lockout procedures for related equipment such as,but not limited to, the boiler, dampers, va
18、lves, fans, and pumps.7.1.2 LightingSufficient lighting shall be provided toassure general lighting of the overall area plus localized highintensity lights for close visual observation or taking ofphotographs, or both. The lighting fixtures shall be equippedwith a safety guard to minimize breakage a
19、nd injury.7.1.3 Access to Lining SurfacesThe access equipmentmust meet all safety requirements of OSHA and the owner/operator. The equipment must be capable of placing theinspectors close enough to the lining surface to perform allinspection procedures.7.1.4 CleaningSelected lining surfaces to be in
20、spectedshall be cleaned of any deposits or buildup that will obscureexamination of the lining. The cleaning procedure selectedmust not cause damage to the lining.7.1.5 VentilationProvisions must be made to assure thatadequate fresh air is provided in all FGD components beinginspected. If some compon
21、ents are on line, provisions must betaken to adequately isolate such components.8. Inspection Procedures8.1 The inspection should include visual examination, pho-tographic examination, mapping of potential problem areas,specific destructive or nondestructive testing, and removal (ifrequired) of repr
22、esentative samples for analysis (see Table 1).8.2 Temperature may influence observed or tested liningparameters, such as crack width, hardness, and adhesion.During inspection, temperature of the lining surface and theinterior and exterior ambient temperatures of the componentshould be measured and r
23、ecorded.8.3 Other parameters important to the inspection should bediscussed with the parties involved and agreed to prior to theinspection.9. Report9.1 The owner/operator shall designate who is responsiblefor the preparation of an inspection report.9.2 Report the following information:TABLE 1 Lining
24、 Maintenance Inspection ParametersOrganic Resins Organic Elastomers Inorganic/Cementitious Inorganic/MasonryVisual Inspection: Visual Inspection: Visual Inspection: Visual Inspection:Rust Rust Erosion/mechanical damage Erosion/mechanical damageChemical Degradation Chemical Degradation Cracking Crack
25、ing:Surface Effects: Surface Effects: Softening Mortar jointAbrasion/erosion Abrasion/erosion Spalling Brick faceAligatoring/checking Swelling/Distortion Rust staining SpallingDiscoloration/charring Softening Efflorescence Softening:Flaking Crazing Anchor exposure BrickCracking Cracking Delamination
26、s MortarSoftening Surface sloughing Substrate exposure Expansion jointBlistering/delamination: Blistering: Swelling/Distortion Color Change:Size Size Exposed membrane BrickDensity Density Physical Testing: MortarEntrapped contents for analysis Entrapped contents for analysis Hardness (Schmidt hammer
27、) Swelling/DistortionMechanical Damage Mechanical Damage: Measure crack widths and pattern Exposed MembranePhysical Testing: Gouging Core samples, if required Physical Testing:Lining thickness Cutting Remove cementitious layer to permit Hardness (Schmidt hammer)High voltage holiday testing is not Te
28、aring visual examination of under- Core samples, if requiredrecommended for linings thathave been in serviceOvercompression (mating sur-faces)laying membrane/substrate Petrographic analysis, if requiredAdhesion testing, if required Adhesive failureCohesive failuresReversion (Reverting to soft con-di
29、tions with loss of physicalproperties)Physical Testing:Lining thicknessHigh voltage holiday testing is notrecommended for linings thathave been in serviceAdhesion testing, if requiredShore durometer hardnessD4619 1229.2.1 Pertinent background information contained in Sec-tion 4,9.2.2 Date(s) of insp
30、ection,9.2.3 Participants and their affiliation,9.2.4 Documentation of inspection,9.2.5 Photographs/videos, as applicable,9.2.6 Mapping of problem areas,9.2.7 Test results, and9.2.8 Conclusions and recommendations.10. Repairs10.1 If repairs of the lining are required, the owner/operatoror his repres
31、entative shall prepare specific repair specificationsor procedures, or both, with the input of the lining manufac-turer(s), the applicator(s), and others as necessary.10.2 These specifications or procedures, or both, may beprepared in advance or as a result of the inspection.11. Keywords11.1 cementi
32、tious linings; chemical resistant linings; fluegas desulfurization (FGD); inorganic linings; inspection oflinings; organic linings; power generation facility liningsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this
33、 standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be
34、reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespo
35、nsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wes
36、t Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4619 123
