1、Designation: D 4718 87 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forCorrection of Unit Weight and Water Content for SoilsContaining Oversize Particles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4718; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Thi
3、s practice presents a procedure for calculating theunit weights and water contents of soils containing oversizeparticles when the data are known for the soil fraction with theoversize particles removed.1.2 The practice also can be used to calculate the unitweights and water contents of soil fraction
4、s when the data areknown for the total soil sample containing oversize particles.1.3 This practice is based on tests performed on soils andsoil-rock mixtures in which the portion considered oversize isthat fraction of the material retained on the No. 4 sieve. Basedon these tests, this practice is ap
5、plicable to soils and soil-rockmixtures in which up to 40 % of the material is retained on theNo. 4 sieve. The practice also is considered valid when theoversize fraction is that portion retained on some other sieve,such as the34-in. sieve, but the limiting percentage of oversizeparticles for which
6、the correction is valid may be lower.However, the practice is considered valid for materials havingup to 30 % oversize particles when the oversize fraction is thatportion retained on the34-in. sieve.1.4 The factor controlling the maximum permissible per-centage of oversize particles is whether inter
7、ference betweenthe oversize particles affects the unit weight of the finerfraction. For some gradations, this interference may begin tooccur at lower percentages of oversize particles, so the limitingpercentage must be lower for these materials to avoid inaccu-racies in the computed correction. The
8、person or agency usingthis practice shall determine whether a lower percentage is tobe used.1.5 This practice may be applied to soils with any percent-age of oversize particles subject to the limitations given in 1.3and 1.4. However, the correction may not be of practicalsignificance for soils with
9、only small percentages of oversizeparticles. The person or agency specifying this practice shallspecify a minimum percentage of oversize particles belowwhich the practice need not be applied. If a minimum percent-age is not specified, 5 % shall be used.1.6 This practice may not be applicable to soil
10、-rock mix-tures which degrade under field compaction.1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Nat all aspects of this practice maybe a
11、pplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetit
12、le of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateD 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
13、istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D 1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Sand-Cone MethodD 1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D 2167 Test Method fo
14、r Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Rubber Balloon MethodD 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD 2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)3D 3017 Test Method for Wa
15、ter Content of Soil and Rock in1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Plasticityand Density Characteristics of Soils.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originall
16、yapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4718 87 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
17、the ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Using a Vibratory TableE 11 Specification for W
18、ire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Significance and Use3.1 Compaction tests on soils performed in accordance withTest Methods D 698, D 1557, and D 4253 place limitations onthe maximum size of particles that may be used in the test. Ifa soil contains cobbles or gravel, or both, test options m
19、ay beselected which result in particles retained on a specific sievebeing discarded (for example the No. 4 (4.75-mm) or the34-in.(19-mm) or other appropriate size), and the test performed onthe finer fraction. The unit weightwater content relationsdetermined by the tests reflect the characteristics
20、of the actualmaterial tested, and not the characteristics of the total soilmaterial from which the test specimen was obtained.3.2 It is common engineering practice to use laboratorycompaction tests for the design, specification, and constructioncontrol of soils used in earth construction. If a soil
21、used inconstruction contains large particles, and only the finer fractionis used for laboratory tests, some method of correcting thelaboratory test results to reflect the characteristics of the totalsoil is needed. This practice provides a mathematical equationfor correcting the unit weight and wate
22、r content of the testedfiner fraction of a soil, to determine the unit weight and watercontent of the total soil.3.3 Similarly, this practice provides a means for correctingthe unit weight and water content of field compacted samplesof the total soil, so that values can be compared with those fora l
23、aboratory compacted finer fraction.NOTE 1When this practice is used for construction control, the usingagency should specify whether the maximum unit weight value used forreference is the unit weight including oversize fraction or the unit weightof the finer fraction. Calculated values of percent co
24、mpaction based onthis correction practice will vary depending on which unit weight value isused for reference.4. Procedure4.1 Correction of Unit Weight and Water Content for TotalSample:4.1.1 Prepare the sample from which compaction test speci-mens are to be taken in accordance with provisions of Te
25、stMethods D 698, D 1557, or D 4253. Determine the mass of themoist fine fraction of the sample and the mass of the moistoversize (plus No. 4 or plus34-in., or other appropriate size)fraction of the total sample. If Test Methods D 4253 is used, thecorrection for water content does not apply. Determin
26、e thewater content of each of the two fractions in accordance withMethod D 2216. Calculate the mass of the dry finer fractionand the dry oversize fraction as follows:MD5 MM/1 1 w! (1)where:MD= mass of the dry material (finer or oversize fraction),g,MM= mass of the moist material (finer or oversize f
27、rac-tion), g, andw = water content of the respective finer or oversizefractions expressed as a decimal.4.1.2 Calculate the percentage of the finer fraction and ofthe oversize fraction of the sample by dry weight as follows:PF5 100 MDF/MDF1 MDC! (2)andPC5 100 MDC/MDF1 MDC! (3)where:PF= percent of fin
28、er fraction by weight,PC= percent of oversize fraction by weight,MDF= mass of dry finer fraction, andMDC= mass of dry oversize fraction.4.1.3 Determine the bulk specific gravity (GM)oftheoversize fraction as set forth in Test Method C 127.4.1.4 Calculate the corrected water content and correcteddry
29、unit weight of the total material (combined finer andoversize fractions), as follows:Cw5 wFPF1 wCPC! (4)where:Cw= corrected water content of combined and oversizefractions,wF= water content of finer fraction expressed as a deci-mal,wC= water content of oversize fraction expressed as adecimal,andCdD5
30、 100 dFGMdw/dFPC1 GMdwPF! (5)where:CdD= corrected unit dry weight of the total material(combined finer and oversize fractions),GM= bulk specific gravity,dF= dry unit weight of the finer fraction, anddw= unit weight of water (62.42 lbf/ft3or 9.802 kN/m3).4.2 Correction of Unit Weight and Water Conten
31、t for FinerFraction of a Soil Sample:4.2.1 When it is desired to compare the unit weight andwater content of a field-compacted soil containing oversizeparticles with the results of laboratory compaction tests on thefiner fraction, the following procedure may be used:4.2.1.1 A sample of the total mat
32、erial is obtained in the fieldat the desired test location in conjunction with a unit dry weight(dD) and water content (w) determination by methods such asTest Methods D 1556, D 2167, or D 2922 and D3017 com-bined. Since this practice is usually used for materials contain-ing coarse gravel and cobbl
33、e size particles, special care shouldbe taken to assure that the volume of material sampled isadequate to accurately represent the material in the field at thetest location.4.2.1.2 Remove the oversize particles (plus No. 4 or34-in.,or other appropriate size) from the field sample and determinethe pe
34、rcentage of oversize particles in the total sample. If, inthe laboratory testing of the materials, the bulk specific gravityD 4718 87 (2007)2and the water content of the oversize particles have beendetermined, these values may be used in the calculations.Otherwise, it will be necessary to determine
35、the bulk specificgravity by Test Method C 127.4.2.1.3 Calculate the water content of the finer fraction ofthe field sample as follows:wF5 100 w 2 wCPC!/PF(6)4.2.1.4 Calculate the dry unit weight of the finer fraction ofthe field sample as follows:dF5dDGMdwPF/100 GMdw2dDPC! (7)5. Report5.1 The report
36、 shall contain the following:5.1.1 The identification of the sample.5.1.2 The method used in compacting the sample.5.1.3 The method used to obtain the field sample (asappropriate).5.1.4 The sieve size used to separate the oversize particles.5.1.5 The percentage by weight of oversize particles.5.1.6
37、The value of bulk specific gravity, GM, used in thecalculations.5.1.7 For laboratory compacted samples, the dry unit weightand water content of the finer fraction, and the corrected valuefor the total sample.5.1.8 For samples obtained in the field, the dry unit weightand water content of the total s
38、ample, and the corrected valuefor the finer fraction.6. Keywords6.1 oversize particles; unit weight; water contentAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONALEX1.1 The calculations to correct the unit weight and watercontent of soil samples containing oversize particles are basedon the premise tha
39、t the percentage of such particles is smallenough that they do not interfere with the compaction of thefiner fraction during the compaction process. Thus, the finerfraction of the soil will achieve the same unit weight and watercontent with the oversize particles absent as with them present.The equa
40、tion used for the calculation of unit weight is based onthe work of Ziegler.4X1.2 Tests conducted by the Bureau of Reclamation5, 6andthe Waterways Experiment Station7indicate that the limitingoversize particle (plus No. 4 sieve) content may be as high as40 %. It is necessary in evaluating such studi
41、es to ensure thatthe gradation of the finer fraction does not change as theoversize particle content changes. The upper limit of oversizeparticles in this practice has been set at 40 % of the plus No. 4material and 30 % of the plus34-in. material.X1.3 It is assumed that in a moist, compacted sample
42、of soilcontaining oversize particles, those oversize particles absorbmoisture from the surrounding medium. The maximum watercontent that the oversize particles can achieve approaches as alimit the percent absorption of the oversize fraction, as mea-sured by Test Method C 127. The water content of th
43、e oversizefraction also may be measured directly by Method D 2216.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any s
44、uch patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invi
45、ted either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received
46、a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of thi
47、s standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Ziegler, E. J., “Effect of Materials Retained on the No. 4 Sieve on theCompaction Test of Soil,” Proceedings, High
48、way Research Board, Vol. 28, 1948, pp409414.5Merriam, J., “Research on Compaction Control Testing for Gravelly Soils,”Earth Research Program Report EM662, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO,August 1963.6Holtz, W. G., and Lowitz, C. A., “Compaction Characteristics of GravellySoils,” U.S. Bureau o
49、f Reclamation Earth Laboratory Report No. 509, Denver, CO,September 1957.7Donaghe, R. T., and Townsend, F. C., “Compaction Characteristics of Earth-Rock Mixtures,” Report 2 “Blended Material,” Misc. Paper S-73-25, U.S. ArmyEngineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MI, August 1975.D 4718 87 (2007)3
