1、Designation: D 4725 08aStandard Terminology forEngine Coolants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4725; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、 the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document covers terminology relating to enginecoolants. It is intended to provide a reference for anyoneseeking information on engine coolants, and also to provi
3、de auniform set of definitions for use in preparing ASTM specifi-cations, test methods and other standard documents.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
4、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3306 Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant forAutomobile and Light-Duty ServiceD 3585 Specification for ASTM
5、Reference Fluid for Cool-ant TestsD 4985 Specification for Low Silicate Ethylene GlycolBase Engine Coolant for Heavy Duty Engines Requiring aPre-Charge of Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)D 6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol BaseEngine Coolant for Heavy-Duty EnginesD 6471 Specification
6、 for Recycled PredilutedAqueous Gly-col Base Engine Coolant (50 Volume % Minimum) forAutomobile and Light-Duty ServiceD 6472 Specification for Recycled Glycol Base EngineCoolant Concentrate for Automobile and Light-Duty Ser-viceE 1177 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol3. Terminologyantifo
7、am, na substance added to engine coolant concentrate,corrosion inhibitor packages, or supplemental coolant addi-tives to prevent or suppress foam.DISCUSSIONEliminating foam improves heat transfer.antifreeze, na term frequently used in the marketplace forengine coolant concentrate. (See engine coolan
8、t concen-trate.)antirust, nan inhibitor package, solid or liquid, intended tobe diluted with water or glycol for use in an engine coolingsystem to mitigate rust and corrosion.ash content, nthe residue from an engine coolant concen-trate, antirust, or engine coolant that remains after evapora-tion, c
9、harring, and ignition at strong heat.boiling point, nthe temperature at which the vapor pressureof an engine coolant reaches atmospheric pressure underequilibrium boiling conditions.cavitation corrosion, na form of localized, acceleratedcorrosion characterized by deep pitting and caused by highmecha
10、nical forces resulting from coolant vapor bubblecollapse at the surface of the metal.cavitation erosion corrosion, nthe mechanical removal ofprotective films on metal by the formation and collapse ofvapor bubbles in a liquid,and the abrasive action of a liquid,which may contain suspended solids, mov
11、ing at high veloc-ity.DISCUSSIONThe mechanical removal of the protective films exposesfresh metal to corrosive attack.coolant additive package, nthe combination of inhibitorsadded to an engine coolant to mitigate cooling systemdegradation, corrosion, scaling, and foaming, or to provideother desirabl
12、e properties.corrosion inhibitor package, nthe combination of inhibi-tors added to an engine coolant to mitigate cooling systemcorrosion.corrosive water, na standard solution containing 100 ppmeach of sulfate, chloride, and bicarbonate ions introduced asthe sodium salts to distilled water.dye, na co
13、lorant added to an engine coolant to give it adistinctive color.engine coolant, na fluid used to transfer heat from an engineto the radiator, usually containing specific amounts ofglycols, water, corrosion inhibitors, and a foam supressor.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、 D15 on EngineCoolants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved June 1, 2008. Published June 2008. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 4725 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
15、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.DISCUSSIONEn
16、gine coolants may also contain supplemental coolantadditives.engine coolant concentrate, na formulated liquid productintended to be diluted with water for use in engine coolingsystems.DISCUSSIONFunctionally, the product provides a lower freeze pointand mitigates corrosion and foaming.engine dynamome
17、ter test, na laboratory full-scale enginetest designed to evaluate corrosion protection and inhibitorstability of engine coolants under simulated operationalconditions.erosion corrosion, nnonuniform, accelerated corrosioncharacterized by a smooth appearance and caused by high-velocity coolant.DISCUS
18、SIONThe corrosive attack may be aggravated by suspendedsolids.extended life coolant, nan engine coolant for light-dutyservice vehicles with recommended change-out of the cool-ant after 160 000 km (100 000 miles), 5 years, or 4000operating hours.foaming tendencies, na laboratory test conducted in gla
19、ss-ware to evaluate the tendency of an engine coolant to foamunder standard conditions of aeration and temperature.freezing point, nthe temperature at which crystallizationbegins in the absence of supercooling, or the maximumtermperature reached immediately after initial crystal forma-tion in the ca
20、se of supercooling, or the temperature at whichsolid crystals, formed on cooling, disappear when thetemperature of the specimen is allowed to rise.glassware corrosion test, na laboratory screening test forevaluating the corrosion protection properties of enginecoolants on metal test specimens under
21、controlled conditionsof aeration and temperature.glycol bottoms, nthe residue in the still after final distillationof most of the glycol and dimers, trimers and tetramers fromthe output stream of a glycol reactor.DISCUSSIONThe residue may include some glycol and dimers,trimers and tetramers, aldehyd
22、es, acids, and various other oxidationproducts. It is generally acidic, with a strong, offensive odor and a darkcolor. It is regarded as unsuitable for the production of engine coolant.glycol engine coolant concentrate, n an engine coolantconcentrate in which the freeze point depressant is ethyleneo
23、r propylene glycol, with inhibitors to minimize foamingand corrosion.DISCUSSIONSmall amounts of other glycols may be present.heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation,characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are generally close to the potential maxi-
24、mums.heavy-duty engine, n in internal combustion engine types,one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.DISCUSSIONThis type of engine is typically used in ( a) Class 5 to8 over-the-road trucks and buses, (b) off-highway machinery foragricultural, earthmoving,
25、 construction, and mining, (c) high-outputstationary engine applications, and (d) locomotive and marine applica-tions.hydrometer-thermometer field tester, na device designedto indicate the freezing point of an engine coolant bymeasurement of the relative density of the coolant at aspecific temperatu
26、re.inhibitor, na chemical compound added to engine coolant tomitigate cooling system degradation.DISCUSSIONExamples of inhibitors are corrosion inhibitors, foaminhibitors, and scale inhibitorslight-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation,characterized by average speeds, power output, and i
27、nternaltemperatures that are generally much lower than the poten-tial maximums.light duty engine, n in internal combustion engine types,one that is designed to be normally operated at substantiallyless than its peak output.DISCUSSIONThis type of engine is typically installed in (a) automo-biles, (b)
28、 pickup trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles, (c) small farmtractors, and (d) lawn maintenance equipment.liner pitting, ncavities that develop on the coolant side ofcast iron cylinder liners as a result of cavitation corrosion.DISCUSSIONThis predominantly occurs on the thrust side of heavy-duty
29、diesel cylinder walls.low-silicate coolant concentrate, n an engine coolant con-centrate containing not more than 250 ppm silicon.multiphase coolant, nan engine coolant composed of im-miscible liquids or undissolved solids, or both.other glycols, nin ethylene glycol based engine coolant,diethylene g
30、lycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol,propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,and 1,3 propanediol.other glycols, nin propylene glycol based engine coolant,ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetra-ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glyco
31、l, and1,3 propanediol.prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol coolant, na commer-cially prepared uniform solution (50 % by volume mini-mum) of ethylene-glycol-based engine coolant concentrateand deionized water (described in Specification D 1193,Type IV).DISCUSSIONThe prediluted coolant is intended for d
32、irect addition toan engine cooling system.propylene glycol, nin engine coolants, 1,2 propanediol asreferred to in Specifications D 3306, D 4985, D 6210,D 6471, D 6472, and E 1177.recycled engine coolant, nengine coolant formulated usingother than virgin materials.redistilled glycol, nglycol that is
33、reprocessed/recycled fromused aqueous glycol base engine coolants or glycols pro-duced from other sources, including industrial processes byvolatilizing and condensing the glycol components withindistillation equipment.D 4725 08a2DISCUSSIONEfforts are being made within D15.15 on RecycledCoolants, to
34、 produce a specification for redistilled glycol that addressesrecycling used aqueous glycol base engine coolants and glycols fromother sources, including industrial processes.reference test fluid, na standard glycol-base test fluid,described in Specification D 3585, used by laboratories toevaluate t
35、est methods and procedures.refractometer, nan instrument used to indicate the freezingpoint of engine coolants by refractive index.relative density, nthe ratio of the mass of a given volume ofliquid to the mass of an equal volume of pure water at thesame temperature.DISCUSSIONWhen reporting results,
36、 explicitly state the standardreference temperature (for example, relative density 15.56/15.56C(60/60F).reserve alkalinity, adja term applied to engine coolantconcentrates and antirusts to indicate the amount of alkalineinhibitors present in the product.round-robin test, nthe practice of planning, c
37、onducting,analyzing, and interpreting the results of interlaboratory testson the chemical and physical properties of engine coolants.scale suppressant, na substance added to engine coolantconcentrates, corrosion inhibitor packages, or supplementalcoolant additives that helps prevent the formation of
38、 hardwater mineral scale.DISCUSSIONScale will insulate and reduce heat transfer.silicate gel, na jelly-like substance consisting of polymer-ized silicate and entrapped coolant.simulated service corrosion test, n evaluation of the effectsof a circulating engine coolant on metal test specimens andauto
39、motive cooling system components under controlled,essentially isothermal laboratory conditions.soluble oil, na combination of mineral oil base and one ormore polar organic materials, such as petroleum sulfonates,sulfated vegetable oils, and fatty acids or their salts.stop-leak additives, na compound
40、 containing particulatesthat is added to the cooling system for the purpose ofstopping or minimizing leaks.supplemental coolant additive (SCA) maintenance dose,nsmaller periodic additions of SCA, subsequent to theprecharge dose of SCA, required to maintain protectionagainst general corrosion, cylind
41、er liner pitting, and scalingin heavy-duty engines.supplemental coolant additive (SCA) precharge dose,ninitial concentration of SCA in engine coolant requiredto enable the coolant to provide adequate protection againstcylinder liner pitting and scaling in heavy-duty engines plusgeneral corrosion pro
42、tection when water only is used as acoolant.supercooling, nan unstable state in which an engine coolantexists as a liquid below its normal freezing point.virgin glycol, nglycol that has not been used previously.4. Keywords4.1 antifreeze; engine coolant; terminologyASTM International takes no positio
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46、wn below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4725 08a3
