1、Designation: D4772 09 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forSurface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4772; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the ability of a terry fabricto rapidly absorb and retain liquid water from surfaces
3、 such ashuman skin, dishes, and furniture.1.2 This test method is not applicable to non-terry fabricssuch as huck towels, waffle-weave towels, crash towels,flour-sack towels, and nonwoven wipes. The steep angle of thespecimen on the apparatus may cause a large amount of waterto runoff these non-pile
4、 fabrics, or the lightweight/open struc-ture of these fabrics may allow a large amount of water tocompletely pass through the specimen; thus the test result maynot be a valid measure of a non-terry fabrics ability to absorbwater.1.3 This test method is not applicable to decorative terryfabrics that
5、will not be used to absorb water from surfaces.1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-poundunits that are provided are not necessarily exact equivalents ofthe SI units. Either system of units may be used in this testmethod. In case of referee decisions the SI units will prevail.1.5 Th
6、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documen
7、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-drawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles
8、(Withdrawn 2008)3D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather ProductsD5433 Performance Specification for Towel Products forInstitutional and Household Use2.2 AATCC Standard:Test Method 135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic HomeLaundering of Woven and
9、Knit Fabrics43. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Subcommittee D13.59 onFabric Test Methods see Terminology D3136.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:absorption, pile, surface water absorption, terry fabric.3.3 For definitions of other textile terms see TerminologyD123.
10、4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A terry fabric product with hems or with both hems andselvages (such as a bath towel), or a terry fabric without hemsor without both hems and selvages (such as a terry fabric cutfrom a roll) is prepared for testing by preconditioning andconditioning. Specimens are placed
11、 one at a time in anembroidery hoop and then the hoop/specimen assembly isplaced at an angle on the base of the apparatus. After waterflows down the surface of each specimen, the amount of waterretained by each specimen is measured. Six specimens aretested, three on the face of the fabric and three
12、on the back ofthe fabric. The six observations are averaged to determine thesurface water absorption of the fabric.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used to test the surface waterabsorption of terry fabrics for bath towels, bath sheets, hand1This test method is under the jurisdictio
13、n of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,GeneralCurrent edition approved July 1, 2013. Published September 2013. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4772 091. DOI:10.1520/D4772-09R13.2For refe
14、renced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
15、www.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1towels, kitchen towels,
16、dishcloths, washcloths, beachwear,bathrobes, and the like. Different specifications may be neededfor each of these fabrics because of different applications.55.2 It is recognized that surface water absorption is only oneof the characteristics that the ultimate consumer may use indetermining which te
17、rry fabric is acceptable. Consult Specifi-cation D5433 for other characteristics that may be applicable toterry fabrics.5.3 This test method is recommended for quality controltesting of terry fabrics during manufacturing and productcomparisons of different terry fabrics by manufacturers,retailers, a
18、nd users.5.4 This test method may be used for the acceptance testingof commercial shipments of terry fabrics, but caution isadvised since interlaboratory precision is known to be poor.Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 may be advisable.5.4.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreport
19、ed test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
20、 bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group oflaboratory sampling units (such as towels) that are as homo-geneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of thetype in question. The laboratory sampling units should then berandomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory fort
21、esting. The average results from the two laboratories should becompared using appropriate statistical analysis for unpaireddata and an acceptable probability level chosen by the twoparties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser a
22、ndsupplier must agree to interpret future test results with consid-eration of the known bias.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Water Flow TesterThis tester is not commerciallyavailable, but it is not difficult or expensive to build. The testershown in Figs. 1-3 can be made from the parts and the serieso
23、f steps described in Annex A1; however, there are otheracceptable ways to build the tester. Sections 6.1.1-6.1.4 indi-cate the critical factors which must be incorporated into thedesign of the tester.6.1.1 The hoop/specimen assembly must be at 1.1 rad (60)to the table top (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 3).6.1
24、.2 The 50-mL graduate mounted on the apparatus mustbe parallel to the table top (see Figs. 1 and 2). The pour spouton this graduate must be 3.0 6 0.2 cm (1.18 6 0.08 in.) downfrom where the adjustment screw bracket joints the outer hoopand 0.6 6 0.4 cm (0.24 6 0.16 in.) away from the hoop/specimen a
25、ssembly (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 3).6.1.3 The funnel, valve, fittings, tubing, and graduatemounted on the apparatus (see Fig. 2) must not restrict the flowof water. The time between the opening of the valve and thetime the water has exited the graduate (except for a few drops)must be less than 8.0 s. (T
26、he tester shown in Figs. 2 and 3 hasa mean of 5.7 s and a standard deviation of 0.5 s).6.1.4 The hoop/specimen assembly must be mounted on thebase in a manner to direct all water not absorbed by thespecimen toward the pan (see Figs. 1-3). It is especiallyimportant that any water that passes complete
27、ly through thespecimen is directed toward the pan and is not allowed to beabsorbed by the lower portion of the specimen, or the edge ofthe laboratory sampling unit, or held where the hoop contactsthe base.6.2 Embroidery Hoop, 15.3-cm (6-in.) outer diameter ofinner hoop. If the hoop is made of wood,
28、it must have awater-resistant finish (such as a marine varnish).6.3 Graduate, Polymethylpentene (PMP) 50 mL.6.4 Distilled or Deionized Water, at 21 6 1C (70 6 2F).6.5 Laboratory Sampling Unit Conditioning Equipment,facilities such as a multiple shelf/rod conditioning rack (for5The relationship betwe
29、en water and textiles is complex. For information on thedifferent forms of interaction between water and textiles see: Zeronian, S. H.“Analysis of the Interaction Between Water and Textiles,” pages 117128 inAnalytical Methods for a Textile Laboratory, American Association of TextileChemists and Colo
30、rists, third edition, 1984, edited by J. W. Weaver.A = Hoop,B = Base,C = Funnel,D = Valve,E = Graduate,F = Pour Spout,G = Pan, andH = Adjustment Screw.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of a Typical Water Flow TesterD4772 09 (2013)2example see Practice D1776) or a clothesline and clothespins.For more informat
31、ion see 9.2.6.6 Tumble Dryer, equivalent to the one described inAATCC Test Method 135.6.7 Washing Machine, equivalent to the one described inAATCC Test Method 135.6.8 Detergent, heavy duty granule, equivalent to The 1993AATCC Standard Reference Detergent described in AATCCTest Method 135 or any dete
32、rgent agreed upon by the pur-chaser and the supplier that does not include fabric softener orbleach.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takeat random the number of shipping cartons or the number ofrolls of fabric directed in an applicable material specification orother a
33、greement between the purchaser and the supplier.Consider shipping cartons or rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units, see Note 1.NOTE 1Any agreement between the purchaser and supplier must takeinto account the variability between rolls, bolts, or pieces of fabric andbetween specimens from a
34、swatch of fabric from a roll, bolt, or piece, orbetween cartons of garments and between garments within a carton, toprovide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, consumersrisk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tanc
35、e testing, take the number of laboratory sampling unitsspecified in the agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Take the laboratory sampling units as follows:7.2.1 Recommended Laboratory Sampling UnitBecausethis is a nondestructive test method, the recommended labora-tory sampling unit is a
36、 terry fabric product with hems or withboth hems and selvages (such as a bath towel). The fabricshould be dyed and finished as the consumer would purchase it.A fabric approximately 112 (lengthwise direction) by 56 cm(44 by 22 in.) or larger is easier to test than a small fabric as allsix observation
37、s can be made on one fabric, but the procedureallows for testing a small fabric such as a hand towel (see Note2).NOTE 2A 20.0 by 20.0-cm (7.87 by 7.87-in.) fabric is the smallestlaboratory sampling unit that can be tested on the apparatus. Six of thesesmall laboratory sampling units will be needed t
38、o provide the sixobservations. In choosing the size of the laboratory sampling unit, keep inmind that terry fabric has a high degree of shrinkage during washing anddrying.FIG. 2 A Typical Water Flow TesterFIG. 3 The Water Flow Tester with the Laboratory Sampling Unitin PlaceD4772 09 (2013)37.2.2 Alt
39、ernate Laboratory Sampling UnitAs an alterna-tive to the procedure described in 7.2.1, a terry fabric withouthems or without both hems and selvages can be used (such asa terry fabric cut from a roll). The fabric should be dyed andfinished as the consumer would purchase it. A fabric approxi-mately 11
40、2 (lengthwise direction) by 56 cm (44 by 22 in.) orlarger is easier to test than a small fabric as all six observationscan be made on one fabric, but the procedure allows for testinga small fabric (see Note 2).7.3 SpecimensAfter the laboratory sampling unit(s) hasbeen prepared as directed in Section
41、 8 and conditioned asdirected in Section 9, take six specimens (the area inside thehoop) by locating the hoop on the laboratory sampling unit(s)as follows:7.3.1 For a laboratory sampling unit(s) that is approximately112 (lengthwise direction) by 56 cm (44 by 22 in.) or larger,locate the hoop as show
42、n in Fig. 4.7.3.2 For a laboratory sampling unit(s) that is not largeenough to locate the hoop so that all six specimens are on onelaboratory sampling unit, alternate the hoop from face to backusing as many laboratory sampling units as needed to obtainthe six specimens.8. Preparation of the Laborato
43、ry Sampling Unit8.1 Recommended Preparation of the Laboratory SamplingUnitThe recommended preparation of the laboratory sam-pling unit uses a dryer to precondition the laboratory samplingunit and raise the pile so it is not matted down. See 6.6 for adescription of the dryer. The procedure is as foll
44、ows:8.1.1 If fabric softener has recently been used in the dryer,dry a 3.6-kg (8-lb) dummy load of desized unsoftened fabricswhich will not be tested, and then repeat this procedure with adifferent dummy load of 3.6 kg (8 lb) of desized unsoftenedfabrics.68.1.2 Clean the lint filter.8.1.3 Load the d
45、ryer with laboratory sampling units thatcomprise a homogeneous load (for example, samemanufacturer, same line, same finishing, and same previouscare). It is not necessary to have a full load in the dryer, so itis acceptable to load only one laboratory sampling unit into thedryer.8.1.4 Select normal
46、cycle, medium temperature (see Termi-nology D3136, and AATCC Test Method 135), and run thedryer for 20 min. Do not use fabric softener during thisprocedure.8.1.5 If the laboratory sampling unit(s) was originally damp,keep drying it for 10-min cycles until the fabric(s) is dry to thetouch. Do not ove
47、rdry the fabric(s).8.2 Alternate Preparation of the Laboratory SamplingUnitThe alternate preparation of the laboratory sampling unituses one cycle of washing and drying. This preconditions thelaboratory sampling unit, raises the pile so it is not matteddown, and removes some chemicals. Other numbers
48、 of wash-ing and drying cycles, such as three or five, may be used. Thepurchaser and the supplier, however, must agree on the numberof washing and drying cycles. This procedure may cause morevariation in the test result than the procedure described in 8.1and it is not recommended for acceptance test
49、ing unless therehas been an agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.This procedure uses the equipment and the supplies describedin 6.6-6.8. The procedure is as follows:8.2.1 If fabric softener has recently been used in the washeror dryer, wash or dry or both a 3.6-kg (8-lb) dummy load ofdesized unsoftened fabrics which will not be tested, and thenrepeat this procedure with a different dummy load of 3.6 kg (8lb) of desized unsoftened fabrics.68.2.2 If the washer has a lint filter, clean the lint filter.8.2.3 Load the washer with a 3.6-kg (8-lb) load of l
