1、Designation: D4772 091Standard Test Method forSurface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4772; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESection 3 was updated editorially in September 2011 in accordance with the D13 Terminology policy.1. Scope1.1 This test method determine
3、s the ability of a terry fabricto rapidly absorb and retain liquid water from surfaces such ashuman skin, dishes, and furniture.1.2 This test method is not applicable to non-terry fabricssuch as huck towels, waffle-weave towels, crash towels,flour-sack towels, and nonwoven wipes. The steep angle of
4、thespecimen on the apparatus may cause a large amount of waterto runoff these non-pile fabrics, or the lightweight/open struc-ture of these fabrics may allow a large amount of water tocompletely pass through the specimen; thus the test result maynot be a valid measure of a non-terry fabrics ability
5、to absorbwater.1.3 This test method is not applicable to decorative terryfabrics that will not be used to absorb water from surfaces.1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-poundunits that are provided are not necessarily exact equivalents ofthe SI units. Either system of units may be
6、used in this testmethod. In case of referee decisions the SI units will prevail.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det
7、ermine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed D
8、ataD2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles3D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather ProductsD5433 Performance Specification for Towel Products forInstitutional and Household Use32.2 AATCC Standard:Test Method 135 Dimensiona
9、l Changes in Automatic HomeLaundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics43. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Subcommittee D13.59 onFabric Test Methods see Terminology D3136.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:absorption, pile, surface water absorption, terry fabric.3.3 For defi
10、nitions of other textile terms see TerminologyD123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A terry fabric product with hems or with both hems andselvages (such as a bath towel), or a terry fabric without hemsor without both hems and selvages (such as a terry fabric cutfrom a roll) is prepared for testing by pr
11、econditioning andconditioning. Specimens are placed one at a time in anembroidery hoop and then the hoop/specimen assembly isplaced at an angle on the base of the apparatus. After waterflows down the surface of each specimen, the amount of waterretained by each specimen is measured. Six specimens ar
12、etested, three on the face of the fabric and three on the back ofthe fabric. The six observations are averaged to determine thesurface water absorption of the fabric.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method may be used to test the surface waterabsorption of terry fabrics for bath towels, bath she
13、ets, hand1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,GeneralCurrent edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2
14、008 as D4772 97(2008)1.DOI: 10.1520/D4772-09E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website3Withdrawn. Th
15、e last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wes
16、t Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.towels, kitchen towels, dishcloths, washcloths, beachwear,bathrobes, and the like. Different specifications may be neededfor each of these fabrics because of different applications.55.2 It is recognized that surface water absorption is only oneof the char
17、acteristics that the ultimate consumer may use indetermining which terry fabric is acceptable. Consult Specifi-cation D5433 for other characteristics that may be applicable toterry fabrics.5.3 This test method is recommended for quality controltesting of terry fabrics during manufacturing and produc
18、tcomparisons of different terry fabrics by manufacturers, retail-ers, and users.5.4 This test method may be used for the acceptance testingof commercial shipments of terry fabrics, but caution isadvised since interlaboratory precision is known to be poor.Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 may be
19、 advisable.5.4.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Co
20、mpetent statis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group oflaboratory sampling units (such as towels) that are as homo-geneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of thetype in question. The laboratory sampling units s
21、hould then berandomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. The average results from the two laboratories should becompared using appropriate statistical analysis for unpaireddata and an acceptable probability level chosen by the twoparties before the testing is begun. If a bias i
22、s found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser andsupplier must agree to interpret future test results with consid-eration of the known bias.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Water Flow TesterThis tester is not commerciallyavailable, but it is not difficult or expensive to build.
23、The testershown in Figs. 1-3 can be made from the parts and the seriesof steps described in Annex A1; however, there are otheracceptable ways to build the tester. Sections 6.1.1-6.1.4 indi-cate the critical factors which must be incorporated into thedesign of the tester.6.1.1 The hoop/specimen assem
24、bly must be at 1.1 rad (60)to the table top (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 3).6.1.2 The 50-mL graduate mounted on the apparatus mustbe parallel to the table top (see Figs. 1 and 2). The pour spouton this graduate must be 3.0 6 0.2 cm (1.18 6 0.08 in.) downfrom where the adjustment screw bracket joints the out
25、er hoopand 0.6 6 0.4 cm (0.24 6 0.16 in.) away from the hoop/specimen assembly (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 3).6.1.3 The funnel, valve, fittings, tubing, and graduatemounted on the apparatus (see Fig. 2) must not restrict the flowof water. The time between the opening of the valve and thetime the water has
26、exited the graduate (except for a few drops)must be less than 8.0 s. (The tester shown in Figs. 2 and 3 hasa mean of 5.7 s and a standard deviation of 0.5 s).6.1.4 The hoop/specimen assembly must be mounted on thebase in a manner to direct all water not absorbed by thespecimen toward the pan (see Fi
27、gs. 1-3). It is especiallyimportant that any water that passes completely through thespecimen is directed toward the pan and is not allowed to beabsorbed by the lower portion of the specimen, or the edge ofthe laboratory sampling unit, or held where the hoop contactsthe base.6.2 Embroidery Hoop, 15.
28、3-cm (6-in.) outer diameter ofinner hoop. If the hoop is made of wood, it must have awater-resistant finish (such as a marine varnish).6.3 Graduate, Polymethylpentene (PMP) 50 mL.6.4 Distilled or Deionized Water,at216 1C (70 6 2F).6.5 Laboratory Sampling Unit Conditioning Equipment,facilities such a
29、s a multiple shelf/rod conditioning rack (forexample see Practice D1776) or a clothesline and clothespins.For more information see 9.2.6.6 Tumble Dryer, equivalent to the one described inAATCC Test Method 135.5The relationship between water and textiles is complex. For information on thedifferent fo
30、rms of interaction between water and textiles see: Zeronian, S. H.“Analysis of the Interaction Between Water and Textiles,” pages 117128 inAnalytical Methods for a Textile Laboratory, American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists, third edition, 1984, edited by J. W. Weaver.A = Hoop,B = Base
31、,C = Funnel,D = Valve,E = Graduate,F = Pour Spout,G = Pan, andH = Adjustment Screw.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of a Typical Water Flow TesterD4772 09126.7 Washing Machine, equivalent to the one described inAATCC Test Method 135.6.8 Detergent, heavy duty granule, equivalent to The 1993AATCC Standard Ref
32、erence Detergent described in AATCCTest Method 135 or any detergent agreed upon by the pur-chaser and the supplier that does not include fabric softener orbleach.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of shipping cartons or the numberof rolls of fab
33、ric directed in an applicable material specificationor other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.Consider shipping cartons or rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units, see Note 1.NOTE 1Any agreement between the purchaser and supplier must takeinto account the variability between
34、rolls, bolts, or pieces of fabric andbetween specimens from a swatch of fabric from a roll, bolt, or piece, orbetween cartons of garments and between garments within a carton, toprovide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, consumersrisk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality le
35、vel.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take the number of laboratory sampling unitsspecified in the agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Take the laboratory sampling units as follows:7.2.1 Recommended Laboratory Sampling UnitBecausethis is a nondestructi
36、ve test method, the recommended labora-tory sampling unit is a terry fabric product with hems or withboth hems and selvages (such as a bath towel). The fabricshould be dyed and finished as the consumer would purchase it.A fabric approximately 112 (lengthwise direction) by 56 cm(44 by 22 in.) or larg
37、er is easier to test than a small fabric as allsix observations can be made on one fabric, but the procedureallows for testing a small fabric such as a hand towel (see Note2).NOTE 2A 20.0 by 20.0-cm (7.87 by 7.87-in.) fabric is the smallestlaboratory sampling unit that can be tested on the apparatus
38、. Six of thesesmall laboratory sampling units will be needed to provide the sixobservations. In choosing the size of the laboratory sampling unit, keep inmind that terry fabric has a high degree of shrinkage during washing anddrying.7.2.2 Alternate Laboratory Sampling UnitAs an alterna-tive to the p
39、rocedure described in 7.2.1, a terry fabric withouthems or without both hems and selvages can be used (such asa terry fabric cut from a roll). The fabric should be dyed andFIG. 2 A Typical Water Flow TesterFIG. 3 The Water Flow Tester with the Laboratory Sampling Unitin PlaceD4772 0913finished as th
40、e consumer would purchase it. A fabric approxi-mately 112 (lengthwise direction) by 56 cm (44 by 22 in.) orlarger is easier to test than a small fabric as all six observationscan be made on one fabric, but the procedure allows for testinga small fabric (see Note 2).7.3 SpecimensAfter the laboratory
41、sampling unit(s) hasbeen prepared as directed in Section 8 and conditioned asdirected in Section 9, take six specimens (the area inside thehoop) by locating the hoop on the laboratory sampling unit(s)as follows:7.3.1 For a laboratory sampling unit(s) that is approximately112 (lengthwise direction) b
42、y 56 cm (44 by 22 in.) or larger,locate the hoop as shown in Fig. 4.7.3.2 For a laboratory sampling unit(s) that is not largeenough to locate the hoop so that all six specimens are on onelaboratory sampling unit, alternate the hoop from face to backusing as many laboratory sampling units as needed t
43、o obtainthe six specimens.8. Preparation of the Laboratory Sampling Unit8.1 Recommended Preparation of the Laboratory SamplingUnitThe recommended preparation of the laboratory sam-pling unit uses a dryer to precondition the laboratory samplingunit and raise the pile so it is not matted down. See 6.6
44、 for adescription of the dryer. The procedure is as follows:8.1.1 If fabric softener has recently been used in the dryer,dry a 3.6-kg (8-lb) dummy load of desized unsoftened fabricswhich will not be tested, and then repeat this procedure with adifferent dummy load of 3.6 kg (8 lb) of desized unsofte
45、nedfabrics.68.1.2 Clean the lint filter.8.1.3 Load the dryer with laboratory sampling units thatcomprise a homogeneous load (for example, same manufac-turer, same line, same finishing, and same previous care). It isnot necessary to have a full load in the dryer, so it is acceptableto load only one l
46、aboratory sampling unit into the dryer.8.1.4 Select normal cycle, medium temperature (see Termi-nology D3136, and AATCC Test Method 135), and run thedryer for 20 min. Do not use fabric softener during thisprocedure.8.1.5 If the laboratory sampling unit(s) was originally damp,keep drying it for 10-mi
47、n cycles until the fabric(s) is dry to thetouch. Do not overdry the fabric(s).8.2 Alternate Preparation of the Laboratory SamplingUnitThe alternate preparation of the laboratory samplingunit uses one cycle of washing and drying. This preconditionsthe laboratory sampling unit, raises the pile so it i
48、s not matteddown, and removes some chemicals. Other numbers of wash-ing and drying cycles, such as three or five, may be used. Thepurchaser and the supplier, however, must agree on the numberof washing and drying cycles. This procedure may cause morevariation in the test result than the procedure de
49、scribed in 8.1and it is not recommended for acceptance testing unless therehas been an agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.This procedure uses the equipment and the supplies describedin 6.6-6.8. The procedure is as follows:8.2.1 If fabric softener has recently been used in the washeror dryer, wash or dry or both a 3.6-kg (8-lb) dummy load ofdesized unsoftened fabrics which will not be tested, and thenrepeat this procedure with a different dummy load of 3.6 kg (8lb) of desized unsoftened fabrics.68.2.2 If the washer has a lint filter, clean the
