1、Designation: D4792 00 (Reapproved 2006)D4792/D4792M 13Standard Test Method forPotential Expansion of Aggregates from HydrationReactions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4792;D4792/D4792M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of potential volume expansion of dense
3、graded compacted aggregates that containcomponents susceptible to hydration and consequent volume increase, such as the free calcium and magnesium oxides that occurin some industrial by-products.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standar
4、d. The inch-pound unitsin parentheses are for information purposes only.values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1Sieve size is
5、 identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for informationonly and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
6、s the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeD75 Practice for Sampl
7、ing AggregatesD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)D1883 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted SoilsD2940 Specification for Graded Aggregate Material For Bases or Subbases for Highwa
8、ys or AirportsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method consists of measuring the volume expansion of compacted specimens following the general procedures ofTest Method D1883. Compaction is based on maximum density determination us
9、ing Test Methods D698. To accelerate thehydration reaction, specimens are stored in water at 70 6 3C (158158 6 5F)5F for a minimum of 7 days.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the compliance of steel slags and other materials with specifications,such as
10、Specification D2940, that limit permissible expansion of base and subbase aggregates containing components subject tohydration.4.2 This test method can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of aging or other treatments for reducing the expansivepotential of such materials.4.3 Test results have
11、not been correlated with field performance, and values obtained do not necessarily indicate expansion thatmay occur in service conditions.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Aggregat
12、eTests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006June 1, 2013. Published December 2006June 2013. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in in 2000 2006as D4792 - 00.D4792 00 (2006) DOI: 10.1520/D4792-00R06.10.1520/D4792_D4792M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website,
13、 www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of
14、 what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered
15、 the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Apparatus5.1 Molds, Spacer Disks, Expansion Measuring Apparatus, Stainless Steel Weights, and Dial Gages conforming to therequirements of Test Method D1883.5.2
16、Mixing Bowl, Straight-Edge, Scale, Filter Paper, Dishes, etc. as required in Test Methods D698 and D1883.5.3 Water Storage FacilityA water bath controlled at 706 70 6 3C (158158 6 5F)5F or suitable tanks or buckets forsubmersion of the test specimens in an oven controlled so as to maintain that wate
17、r temperature.6. Sampling6.1 To determine compliance with specifications, take field samples in accordance with Practice D75 or the requirements of theproject specifications.6.2 Take samples for research or general evaluation purposes in a manner appropriate for the materials and purposes involved.6
18、.3 Keep samples at field moisture content until the time of the test by sealing in water-tight containers or plastic bags.7. Preparation of Sample7.1 Reduce the field sample to testing size in accordance with Practice C702, obtaining two 18-kg (40-lb)40-lb portions.7.2 Pass the samples through the 1
19、9.0-mm (34-in.)-in. and 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieves. If 10 % or more is retained on the 19.0-mm(34-in.)-in. sieve proceed to 7.2.1 for oversize correction.7.2.1 Pass the material through a 75-mm (3-in.)3-in. sieve. Discard the material retained on the 75-mm (3-in.)3-in. sieve. Thematerial passing the 75-
20、mm (3-in.)3-in. sieve and retained on the 19-mm (34-in.)-in. sieve shall be replaced with an equalamount of material passing a 19-mm (34-in.)-in. sieve and retained on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. The material for replacementshall be taken from an unused portion of the sample.7.3 Reseal one of the sampl
21、e portions to maintain the field moisture and retain for expansion test specimens. Test the otherportion for maximum density and optimum moisture.8. Moisture-Density Relationship8.1 Determine the moisture-density relationship in accordance with Test Method D698, Moisture Preparation Method, exceptth
22、at the mold specified in Test Method D1883 shall be used.8.2 Use Method B or C depending upon the gradation of the sample, with oversize corrections as recommended in 7.2.1.9. Expansion Test9.1 Prepare three expansion test specimens from the sample set aside for this purpose, following the procedure
23、 in Test MethodD1883 for specimens to be soaked.9.2 After placing the adjustable stem and perforated plate on the compacted specimens in the molds, add weights to producea surcharge of 4.54 kg (10 lb),10 lb, and submerge the molds and weights in water at 70 6 3C (158158 6 5F).5F. Allowfree access of
24、 water to the top and bottom of the specimens, and maintain the temperature at 70 6 3C (158158 6 5F)5F forthe testing period.NOTE 2The molds should be well coated with a rust preventative, such as 10W motor oil, whether they are constructed of corrosion-resistant metalor not.NOTE 3Excessive (more th
25、an 2.5 cm) cm 1.0 in.) evaporation of the bath water may necessitate the use of a cover over the water bath. This willreduce required water addition and variations in bath temperature.9.3 After the specimens have been immersed in the hot water for 30 minutesmin to allow for thermal expansion of the
26、testapparatus, take the initial dial gage measurements. These are the base readings from which the expansion will be determined.9.4 Add heated water daily to keep the test specimens fully submerged. Make daily dial gage readings of specimen heights fora period of seven days, allowing at least 2 h to
27、 elapse between the addition of water and the measurement.9.5 Measure and record the temperature of the water on a continuous or daily basis.10. Calculation10.1 Percent Expansion (Volumetric)Calculate the percent expansion at each days measurement by dividing the differencebetween the daily dial gag
28、e reading and the base reading by the initial specimen height (116.43 mm (4.584 in.)4.584 in.) andmultiplying by 100.10.2 Rate of ExpansionPlot the percent expansion (y-axis) versus the time in days (x-axis).NOTE 4Seven days is usually adequate to evaluate probable expansive behavior, with a pronoun
29、ced decrease in the rate prior to this time. If theexpansion rate has not dropped by seven days, the test may be continued to obtain additional data.D4792/D4792M 13211. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Identification of the sample by source and date,11.1.2 Moisture content an
30、d percentages of material retained on the 19.0 mm (34-in.)-in. and 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieves asreceived,11.1.3 Optimum moisture content, maximum density, the method used (B or C) and oversize correction made from TestMethods D698,11.1.4 Expansion data for each specimen and the average for three specime
31、ns from 10.1,11.1.5 The plot of the rate-of-expansion for each specimen and the average of three from 10.2, and11.1.6 A continuous or daily record of the temperature of the water bath.12. Precision and Bias312.1 This data was obtained in a study of variability using four and six laboratories and thu
32、s should be regarded as preliminary.12.1.1 Expansion of less than 0.5 %The average multi-laboratory coefficient of variation, when testing one specimen, hasbeen found to be 25 %, therefore the difference in results reported by different laboratories on samples of the same material shouldnot differ b
33、y more than 71 % of their average, nineteen times in twenty.12.1.2 Expansion of more than 0.5 %The average multi-laboratory coefficient of variation, when testing one specimen, hasbeen found to be 18 %, therefore the difference in results reported by different laboratories on samples of the same mat
34、erial shouldnot differ by more than 51 % of their average, nineteen times in twenty.13. Keywords13.1 aggregates; expansion; hydration reactionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of thi
35、s standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five yea
36、rs andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committ
37、ee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
38、-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D04-1018.D4792/D4792M 133
