1、Designation: D4873 02 (Reapproved 2009)D4873 15Standard Guide forIdentification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rollsand Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4873; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides guidelines for the identification and packaging of rolled geosynthetics by
3、 the manufacturer and for thehandling and storage of geosynthetics by the end user. This guide is not to be considered as all encompassing since each projectinvolving geosynthetics presents its own challenges and special conditions. Geosynthetic samples are often taken at manufacturer,supplier, or a
4、t the job site primarily for the purpose of conformance testing and verification. These samples should be properlylabeled for identification purposes.1.2 This guide is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers, and users of geosynthetics for identification, handling,and storage.1.3 This g
5、uide is not applicable for factory fabricated panels due to a different set of identifications for the panel by thefabricator. For Fabricated Geomembrane Panels, refer to Guide D7865.1.4 This guide is not intended for Geosynthetic Clay Liners. For GCLs, refer to Guide D5888.1.5 This guide is also ap
6、plicable to geosynthetic samples.1.6 Each type of Geosynthetic is listed by section to address specific requirements.Geotextiles Section 5Geogrids Section 6Geomembrane Rolls Section 7Geonets Section 8Geocomposites Section 91.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The
7、 values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard
8、to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testi
9、ngD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD7865 Guide for Identification, Packaging, Handling, Storage and Deployment of Fabricated Geomembrane Panels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured from polym
10、eric material used with soil, rock, earth, or any othergeotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on En
11、durance Properties.Current edition approved June 1, 2009Feb. 15, 2015. Published July 2009February 2015. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 asD4873 02.D4873 02 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4873-02R09.10.1520/D4873-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website
12、, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication o
13、f what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considere
14、d the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles.3.1.3 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms, refer to Terminology D4439.3.1.4 For d
15、efinitions of textile terms, refer to Terminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 core, na mandrel of cardboard, foam or other material on which geosynthetics are rolled during manufacturing tofacilitate handling.3.2.2 supplier, nthe person or organization from whom a g
16、eosynthetic is purchased or otherwise obtained.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe supplier is frequently the manufacturer of the geosynthetic, but need not be.Asupplier who is not the manufacturer is expectedto ensure that the responsibilities of the manufacturer are fully met.3.2.2 sample, n(1)(1) a portion of
17、material which is taken for testing or for record purposes. (see also sample, lot; sample,laboratory; and specimen.) (2)(2) a group of specimens used, or of observations made, which provide information that can be usedfor making statistical inferences about the population(s) from which the specimens
18、 are drawn.3.2.3 supplier, nthe person or organization from whom a geosynthetic is purchased or otherwise obtained.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe supplier is frequently the manufacturer of the geosynthetic, but need not be.Asupplier who is not the manufacturer is expectedto ensure that the responsibilities o
19、f the manufacturer are fully met.4. Significance and Use4.1 For a geosynthetic to be properly used it must be adequately identified and packaged. It must be handled and stored in sucha way that its physical property values are not degraded. Failure to follow good practice may result in the unnecessa
20、ry failure ofthe geosynthetic in a properly designed application.4.2 This guide is not intended to replace project-specific storage, handling, identification, packaging, or installationrequirements or quality assurance programs.5. Procedure Geotextiles5.1 Packaging and Identification : Identificatio
21、n:5.1.1 When cores are required, use those that Cores shall have a crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damagein normal use.5.1.2 For geotextiles and geotextile composites, cover Cover each roll with a an opaque wrapping material for protection fromdamage due to shipment, water, s
22、unlight, or contaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with this guide.5.1.3 Identify each roll with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent, either clearly readable on the roll packaging, on the outerwrap when no packaging is required, packaging or on the inside of the core. Roll ident
23、ification should include, at minimum, thename of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, and the unique roll number. Identification should also include thewidth and length of the geosynthetic roll. Any other unique characteristics should be clearly identified. For rolls with noidentif
24、ication on the inside of the core, once the roll is unwrapped or samples taken, labels on the outer wrap orof the roll packagingshould be removed and placed inside the roll for traceability. All designations should be readable for clear identification.NOTE 1Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit
25、 could be regarded as a single roll for identification purposes provided all the rolls remain as a singleunit received by the end user.5.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site:5.2.1 While unloading or transferring the geosyntheticgeotextile from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrappi
26、ngand to the geosyntheticgeotextile itself. If practicable, use fork lift trucks fitted with poles that can be inserted into the cores ofrolls. Be sure that the poles are at least two thirds the length of the rolls to avoid breaking the cores and possibly damaging thegeosynthetic.geotextile. Slings
27、may be used to carry relatively rigid rolls of geosynthetics, such as geonets or geomembranes,provided that the slings do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the rolls as damage may result.5.2.2 Geosynthetics,Geotextiles, when possible, should be stored while elevated off of the ground and co
28、vered to ensureadequate protection from the following:5.2.2.1 Precipitation (becauses(because geotextile roll goods saturation leads to handling difficulties),5.2.2.2 Ultraviolet radiation,5.2.2.3 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of time,5.2.2.4 Flames, including welding sparks,5.2.2.5
29、Temperatures in excess of 71C (160F)160F (71C) and below 0C (32F)32F (0C) (see Note 2), andD4873 1525.2.2.6 Any other environmental condition that may damage the physical property values of the geosynthetic.geotextile.NOTE 2Geotextiles may contain enough moisture to cause them to stiffen when frozen
30、 which interferes with placement.5.3 On-Site Handling:5.3.1 While transferring geosyntheticsgeotextiles from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping and to thegeosyntheticgeotextile itself. Follow the cautions specified in 5.2.1.5.3.2 Before unrolling a roll of geosynthetic at the jo
31、b site, verify its identification. While unrolling the geosynthetic,geotextile,inspect it for damage or defects.5.3.3 Follow all applicable site or project specifications and manufacturers recommendations for handling and installation ofgeosynthetics. installation.5.3.4 Correct any damage that occur
32、s during storage or installation as directed by the project specifications and the engineer incharge of installation.5.4 Sample Identification:5.4.1 If samples are to be taken at job site follow removal of wrap and identification of roll according to 5.1.3. Outer layer ofgeosyntheticgeotextile shoul
33、d be removed before sample is taken following sampling procedures as prescribed in Practice D4354.Cut sample according to specified test method(s).5.4.2 Identify each sample with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent including, at a minimum, the sample designation, thename of the manufacturer or su
34、pplier, product or style number, the lot number and/oror roll number, or both, location sampled orproject name or project identification number, sampled by, and date sampled. If third party is responsible for sampling, include withthe name, the address and telephone number.5.4.3 Sample should be sui
35、tably packaged for shipping to prevent distortion. Sample should be packaged in suitable wrappingmaterial for protection from damage due to shipping, water, sunlight, or contaminants.6. Procedure Geogrids6.1 Packaging and Identification:6.1.1 When cores are required, use those that have a crushing s
36、trength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damage in normaluse.6.1.2 As required, cover each roll with a wrapping material for protection from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, orcontaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with this guide.6.1.3 Identify each roll with a durabl
37、e, gummed label, tape, or equivalent, either clearly readable on the roll packaging, on theouter wrap when no packaging is required, or on the inside of the core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the nameof the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, and the unique roll num
38、ber. Identification should also include the widthand length of the roll. Any other unique characteristics should be clearly identified. For rolls with no identification on the insideof the core, once the roll is unwrapped or samples taken, labels on the outer wrap of the roll packaging should be rem
39、oved andplaced inside the roll for traceability. All designations should be readable for clear identification.NOTE 3Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded as a single roll for identification purposes provided all the rolls remain as a singleunit received by the end user.6.2 Rec
40、eiving and Storing at the Job Site:6.2.1 While unloading or transferring from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping, if required, and to thegeogrid itself. If practicable, use fork lift trucks fitted with poles that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. Be sure that the polesare
41、 at least two thirds the length of the rolls to avoid breaking the cores and possibly damaging the geogrid. Slings may be usedto carry relatively rigid rolls provided that the slings do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the rolls as damage may result.6.2.2 Geogrids, when possible, should be
42、 stored elevated off of the ground and covered to ensure adequate protection from thefollowing:6.2.2.1 Precipitation,6.2.2.2 Ultraviolet radiation,6.2.2.3 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of time,6.2.2.4 Flames, including welding sparks,6.2.2.5 Temperatures in excess of 160F (71C) and b
43、elow 32F (0C) (see Note 2), and6.2.2.6 Any other environmental condition that may damage the physical property values.6.3 On-Site Handlimg:6.3.1 While transferring geogrids from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping (if required) and to the geogriditself. Follow the cautions specif
44、ied in 6.2.1.6.3.2 Before unrolling a roll at the job site, verify its identification. While unrolling the geogrid, inspect it for damage or defects.6.3.3 Follow all applicable site or project specifications and manufacturers recommendations for handling and installation ofgeogrids.6.3.4 Correct any
45、 damage that occurs during storage or installation as directed by the project specifications and the engineer incharge of installation.D4873 1536.4 Sample Identification:6.4.1 If samples are to be taken at job site follow sample identification according to 6.1.3. Outer layer of geogrid should beremo
46、ved before sample is taken following sampling procedures as prescribed in Practice D4354. Cut sample according to specifiedtest method(s).6.4.2 Identify each sample with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent including, at a minimum, the sample designation, thename of the manufacturer or supplier, p
47、roduct or style number, the lot number or roll number, or both, location sampled or projectname or project identification number, sampled by, and date sampled. If third party is responsible for sampling, include with thename, the address and telephone number.6.4.3 Sample should be suitably packaged
48、for shipping to prevent distortion. Sample should be packaged in suitable wrappingmaterial for protection from damage due to shipping, water, sunlight, or contaminants.7. Procedure Geomembrane Rolls7.1 Packaging and Identification:7.1.1 Cores shall have a crushing strength sufficient to avoid collap
49、se or other damage in normal use.7.1.2 Identify each roll with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent, either clearly readable on the outer wrap or on the insideof the core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, andthe unique roll number. Identification should also include the width and length of the roll. Any other unique characteristics shouldbe clearly identified. For rolls with no identification on the inside of the core, once samples are taken, labels on
