1、Designation: D 5087 02Standard Test Method forDetermining Amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)Released from Solventborne Automotive Coatings andAvailable for Removal in a VOC Control Device(Abatement)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5087; the number immediately following t
2、he designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method cover
3、s the determination of the amountof volatile organic compound (VOC) released from appliedsolventborne automotive coatings that is available for deliveryto a VOC control device. This is accomplished by measuringthe weight loss of a freshly coated test panel subjected tosolvent evaporation or baking i
4、n a laboratory simulation of theproduction process.1.2 This test method is applicable to the VOC released fromflashoff and baking operations after the paint has been applied.1.3 This test method is applicable to solventborne automo-tive coating materials and is intended to represent or simulatethe p
5、roduction process. The same general principles apply towaterborne coatings that contain volatile organic compounds(VOC), although specific procedural details are not presentedherein to differentiate between VOC and water.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
6、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickne
7、ssby the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Mag-netic Basis Metals2D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers3D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base3D 1400 Tes
8、t Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied toa Nonferrous Metal Base3D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings3E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens42.2 EPA Standard:EPA Federal Reference Method 24Determi
9、nation ofVolatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density, VolumeSolids, and Weight Solids, of Surface Coatings, 40 CFR,Part 60, Appendix A5EPA 450/3-88-018, PB89152276Protocol for Determin-ing the Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rateof Automobile and Light Duty Truck Topcoat Operations63. S
10、ummary of Test Method3.1 This test method simulates the loss of VOC from afreshly coated surface by using the difference in weight of acoated test panel before and after baking. Metal test panels aresubjected to a simulation of the production coating processincluding application, flashing, and bakin
11、g. The weight lossvalue obtained is then related to the volume of solids depositedon the test panel to compute the number of pounds of VOC pergallon (grams per litre) of solids applied that is available at theinlet of the VOC control device.3.2 The information needed to determine the amount ofVOC av
12、ailable for removal by the VOC control device isdetermined by identification of the points in the productionprocess at which coated objects would enter flashoff/bakingzones whose effluents are vented to the VOC control device.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides basic engineering dat
13、a thatmay be used to determine the amount of VOC available for1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current e
14、dition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originallypublished as D 5087 90. Last previous edition D 5087 91(1994).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
15、 Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6National Technical Information Services, 5285 Port Royal Rd. Springfield, VA22151.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.delivery at the inlet of a VOC control device (partic
16、ularly forthe automobile industry).7Typically, the procedure is useful forestablishing the quantity of VOC that is evolved from thecoating in the baking oven and available to be incinerated,although the same procedure can be followed for other formsof VOC abatement (that is, carbon, adsorption, etc.
17、).4.2 This test method may be adaptable for use directly in aproduction environment if all the critical factors (for example,temperature, cleanliness, vibration, accessibility, etc.) can beadequately controlled.4.3 The total amount of VOC removed from the process bythe VOC control device is a functi
18、on of the amount available asgiven by this test method combined with the VOC removalefficiency of the control device.5. Apparatus5.1 Aluminum or Thin Steel Panels, with a minimum area of20 in.2(129 cm2) for each paint material evaluated.5.2 Laboratory Balance, with accuracy to 0.001 g.5.3 Laboratory
19、 Spray Booth, with airflow representative ofproduction conditions for application of the test coating.5.4 Spray Application Equipment, selected to represent thatused in the production process or sufficiently similar so that itwill produce comparable results.5.5 Film Thickness Gage, for measuring pai
20、nt thickness onmetallic surfaces (see Test Methods B 499, D 1005, D 1186, orD 1400).5.6 Laboratory Forced-Draft Bake Ovens, Type IIA or TypeIIB as specified in Specification E 145.6. Coating Materials6.1 Make sure that the coating materials are in the “asapplied” condition and are representative of
21、the specificformulation used in the coating process to be evaluated.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the following processing conditions, whichrepresent the production process, prior to beginning the test:(1) film thicknesses; (2) flash times; (3) airflow; and (4)temperature conditions for each significant
22、 step of the appli-cation, flashing, and baking sequence. Use this information toestablish test parameters that represent the range of conditionfound in the plant. Specific application parameters such as fluidflow rate, atomizing air pressure, and voltage do not need toexactly duplicate production c
23、onditions as long as the abovefactors are controlled.7.2 Identify all locations in the process sequence in whichoven effluent is vented directly to a control device for VOCdestruction. The number of locations will affect the number ofpanel weight measurements taken and the number of panelsthat need
24、to be tested.7.3 Follow this procedure for paint materials and applica-tion conditions selected to adequately represent the coatingprocess being evaluated.7.4 For each coating material and testing condition, preparerepresentative test panels in triplicate to obtain statisticalvalidity.8. Recording W
25、eight Measurements8.1 Dry the test panel to a constant weight to removeresidual moisture, etc.8.2 Weigh the dried panel, W, before the coating is applied.8.3 Apply the coating to the panel according to the processsequence description, including that for the flashoff conditions.8.4 Weigh the coated p
26、anel just prior to the location in thecycle at which exhaust air is first vented to the VOC controldevice (W1). Weigh as quickly as possible to avoid furtherVOC evaporation.8.5 Weigh the coated panel after it is taken from the locationin the cycle at which exhaust air is no longer vented to theVOC c
27、ontrol device (W2).NOTE 1The panel should be cooled to room temperature beforeweighing.8.6 If W2does not represent a fully baked coating, then aduplicate coated panel should remain in the oven to completethe full bake cycle. Cool and weigh this panel, record as W3.This weight (W3) is used to determi
28、ne the gallons solidsapplied (GSA) in 11.1.9. Measurement of Film Thickness9.1 Dry film thickness should be determined using TestMethods D 1005, D 1186, or D 1400. Measurements should berecorded as an average of three readings for each panel tested.9.2 If desired, separate panels for the measurement
29、 of filmthickness of the coating materials may be coated and bakedalong with the test panels.10. Determination of Dry Solids Density10.1 Calculate dry solids density as shown in 10.210.2.Information needed to perform this calculation includes theweight fraction nonvolatile, volume fraction nonvolati
30、le, anddensity of the coating materials as applied. Determine thesevalues using the procedures specified in EPA Federal Refer-ence Method 24 and Test Method D 2369. The 1-h bake at110C must be used in the determination of the weight fractionnonvolatile.10.2 Calculate dry solids (nonvolatile) density
31、 using thefollowing equation:DS5WS3 WCVS(1)where:DS= solids density, lbs solids/gal solids (g solids/Lsolids),WS= weight fraction solids, lbs solids/lb coating (gsolids/g coating) in accordance with Fed. Ref.Method 24,WC= weight per gallon of coating, lbs/gal (g/L) in accor-dance with Fed. Ref. Meth
32、od 24, andVS= volume fraction solids, gal solids/gal coating (Lsolids/L coating) calculated from the formulation inaccordance with Fed. Ref. Method 24.7United States Environmental Protection Agency Protocol for Determining theDaily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light Duty
33、Truck Topcoat Operations, Ref EPA 450/3-88-018 dated December 1988. Thisprotocol provides for VOC emissions reduction credit for abatement processes.D 5087210.3 If two layers of coating (for example, base coat andclearcoat) are applied to the same panel, determine theweighted average coating solids
34、density, DCS, by the ratio offilm thickness as follows:DCS5ST1T11 T23 DbD1ST2T11 T23 DcD(2)where:T1= basecoat film thickness, mils (m)T2= clearcoat film thickness, mils (m)Db= basecoat solids density, lb/gal (g/L), andDc= clearcoat solids density, lb/gal (g/L).11. Calculation11.1 Use the following c
35、alculations to determine the amountof VOC available to a VOC control device CL, expressed inpounds (grams) VOC per gallon (litre) solids applied:11.1.1 The weight of coating solids deposited, Ws, is equalto the coated panel weight after full bake minus the panelweight before coating application as f
36、ollows:WS5 W32 W (3)orWS5 W22 W if W2represents a fully cured paint film!where:WS= weight of coating solids deposited, lb (g),W2= weight of panel at point which exhaust air is nolonger vented to VOC control device,W3= weight of panel with fully baked paint film, andW = weight of initial unpainted te
37、st panel.11.1.2 Determine the weight of VOC available for abate-ment control (WA) by taking the difference in the weight of thepanel representing the point in the process at which the exhaustair is vented to the control device (W1) and the weight of thepanel at the point where the exhaust air is no
38、longer vented tothe VOC control device (W2) as follows:WA5 W12 W2(4)where:WA= weight of VOC available for control, lb (g),W1= weight of panel at point at which exhaust air is firstvented to VOC control device, andW2= weight of panel at point at which exhaust air is nolonger vented to VOC control dev
39、ice.11.1.3 Calculate the pounds VOC available for control pergallon of coating solids applied, CL, by combining the weightof VOC available (WA), weight of coating solids applied (WS)and the coating solids density (DCS) as follows:CL5SWAWSD3 DCS(5)where:CL= VOC loading lb/gal (g/L),WA= VOC available
40、for removal, lb,WS= coating solids applied, lb, andDCS= coating solids density, lb/gal (g/L).NOTE 2Coating materials must be the specific formulations (inas-applied condition) used in the process for which the VOC loading forthe VOC control device, is to be determined.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Prec
41、isionIt is not practicable to obtain the data tospecify the precision of the procedure in Test Method D 5087for measuring the amount of VOC. The test method is verycostly to perform. There are an insufficient number of labsavailable to participate in a round robin to obtain the databecause of the ex
42、cessive cost and time required to perform themethod. The precision statements associated with D 2369,D 1400, D 1186, and D 1005 are applicable to the portions ofthe method where they are used.12.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference proceduresuitable for determining the bias for the procedure i
43、n this testmethod, no statement on bias is being made.13. Keywords13.1 automotive coatings; solvent release; VOC abatementASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expre
44、ssly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised
45、, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may a
46、ttend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 50873
