1、Designation: D5087 02 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forDetermining Amount of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)Released from Solventborne Automotive Coatings andAvailable for Removal in a VOC Control Device(Abatement)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5087; the number immedia
2、tely following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This te
3、st method covers the determination of the amountof volatile organic compound (VOC) released from appliedsolventborne automotive coatings that is available for deliveryto a VOC control device. This is accomplished by measuringthe weight loss of a freshly coated test panel subjected tosolvent evaporat
4、ion or baking in a laboratory simulation of theproduction process.1.2 This test method is applicable to the VOC released fromflashoff and baking operations after the paint has been applied.1.3 This test method is applicable to solventborne automo-tive coating materials and is intended to represent o
5、r simulatethe production process. The same general principles apply towaterborne coatings that contain volatile organic compounds(VOC), although specific procedural details are not presentedherein to differentiate between VOC and water.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety c
6、oncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B499 Test Method for Measurement of
7、Coating Thicknessesby the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base
8、 (Withdrawn 2006)3D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens2.2 EPA Standar
9、d:EPAFederal Reference Method 24 Determination of VolatileMatter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume Solids,and Weight Solids, of Surface Coatings, 40 CFR, Part 60,Appendix A4EPA 450/3-88-018, PB89152276 Protocol for Determiningthe Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate ofAutomobile and L
10、ight Duty Truck Topcoat Operations53. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method simulates the loss of VOC from afreshly coated surface by using the difference in weight of acoated test panel before and after baking. Metal test panels aresubjected to a simulation of the production coating processinc
11、luding application, flashing, and baking. The weight lossvalue obtained is then related to the volume of solids depositedon the test panel to compute the number of pounds of VOC pergallon (grams per litre) of solids applied that is available at theinlet of the VOC control device.3.2 The information
12、needed to determine the amount ofVOC available for removal by the VOC control device isdetermined by identification of the points in the production1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibil
13、ity ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approvedin 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5087 02 (2008). DOI:10.1520/D5087-02R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
14、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from U.S. Governme
15、nt Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http:/www.ntis.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
16、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1process at which coated objects would enter flashoff/bakingzones whose effluents are vented to the VOC control device.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides basic engineering data thatmay be used to determine the
17、amount of VOC available fordelivery at the inlet of a VOC control device (particularly forthe automobile industry).6Typically, the procedure is useful forestablishing the quantity of VOC that is evolved from thecoating in the baking oven and available to be incinerated,although the same procedure ca
18、n be followed for other formsof VOC abatement (that is, carbon, adsorption, etc.).4.2 This test method may be adaptable for use directly in aproduction environment if all the critical factors (for example,temperature, cleanliness, vibration, accessibility, etc.) can beadequately controlled.4.3 The t
19、otal amount of VOC removed from the process bythe VOC control device is a function of the amount available asgiven by this test method combined with the VOC removalefficiency of the control device.5. Apparatus5.1 Aluminum or Thin Steel Panels, with a minimum area of20 in.2(129 cm2) for each paint ma
20、terial evaluated.5.2 Laboratory Balance, with accuracy to 0.001 g.5.3 Laboratory Spray Booth, with airflow representative ofproduction conditions for application of the test coating.5.4 Spray Application Equipment, selected to represent thatused in the production process or sufficiently similar so t
21、hat itwill produce comparable results.5.5 Film Thickness Gage, for measuring paint thickness onmetallic surfaces (see Test Methods B499, D1005, D1186,orD1400).5.6 Laboratory Forced-Draft Bake Ovens, Type IIA or TypeIIB as specified in Specification E145.6. Coating Materials6.1 Make sure that the coa
22、ting materials are in the “asapplied” condition and are representative of the specificformulation used in the coating process to be evaluated.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the following processing conditions, whichrepresent the production process, prior to beginning the test:(1) film thicknesses; (2) fl
23、ash times; (3) airflow; and (4)temperature conditions for each significant step of theapplication, flashing, and baking sequence. Use this informa-tion to establish test parameters that represent the range ofcondition found in the plant. Specific application parameterssuch as fluid flow rate, atomiz
24、ing air pressure, and voltage donot need to exactly duplicate production conditions as long asthe above factors are controlled.7.2 Identify all locations in the process sequence in whichoven effluent is vented directly to a control device for VOCdestruction. The number of locations will affect the n
25、umber ofpanel weight measurements taken and the number of panelsthat need to be tested.7.3 Follow this procedure for paint materials and applica-tion conditions selected to adequately represent the coatingprocess being evaluated.7.4 For each coating material and testing condition, preparerepresentat
26、ive test panels in triplicate to obtain statisticalvalidity.8. Recording Weight Measurements8.1 Dry the test panel to a constant weight to removeresidual moisture, etc.8.2 Weigh the dried panel, W, before the coating is applied.8.3 Apply the coating to the panel according to the processsequence desc
27、ription, including that for the flashoff conditions.8.4 Weigh the coated panel just prior to the location in thecycle at which exhaust air is first vented to the VOC controldevice (W1). Weigh as quickly as possible to avoid furtherVOC evaporation.8.5 Weigh the coated panel after it is taken from the
28、 locationin the cycle at which exhaust air is no longer vented to theVOC control device (W2).NOTE 1The panel should be cooled to room temperature beforeweighing.8.6 If W2does not represent a fully baked coating, then aduplicate coated panel should remain in the oven to completethe full bake cycle. C
29、ool and weigh this panel, record as W3.This weight (W3) is used to determine the gallons solidsapplied (GSA) in 11.1.9. Measurement of Film Thickness9.1 Dry film thickness should be determined using TestMethods D1005, D1186,orD1400. Measurements should berecorded as an average of three readings for
30、each panel tested.9.2 If desired, separate panels for the measurement of filmthickness of the coating materials may be coated and bakedalong with the test panels.10. Determination of Dry Solids Density10.1 Calculate dry solids density as shown in 10.2. Infor-mation needed to perform this calculation
31、 includes the weightfraction nonvolatile, volume fraction nonvolatile, and densityof the coating materials as applied. Determine these valuesusing the procedures specified in EPA Federal ReferenceMethod 24 and Test Method D2369. The 1-h bake at 110Cmust be used in the determination of the weight fra
32、ctionnonvolatile.10.2 Calculate dry solids (nonvolatile) density using thefollowing equation:6United States Environmental Protection Agency Protocol for Determining theDaily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light DutyTruck Topcoat Operations, Ref EPA 450/3-88-018 dated Decem
33、ber 1988. Thisprotocol provides for VOC emissions reduction credit for abatement processes.D5087 02 (2014)2DS5WS3WCVS(1)where:DS= solids density, lbs solids/gal solids (g solids/L solids),WS= weight fraction solids, lbs solids/lb coating (g solids/gcoating) in accordance with Fed. Ref. Method 24,WC=
34、 weight per gallon of coating, lbs/gal (g/L) in accor-dance with Fed. Ref. Method 24, andVS= volume fraction solids, gal solids/gal coating (Lsolids/L coating) calculated from the formulation inaccordance with Fed. Ref. Method 24.10.3 If two layers of coating (for example, base coat andclearcoat) ar
35、e applied to the same panel, determine theweighted average coating solids density, DCS, by the ratio offilm thickness as follows:DCS5ST1T11T23DbD1ST2T11T23DcD(2)where:T1= basecoat film thickness, mils (m)T2= clearcoat film thickness, mils (m)Db= basecoat solids density, lb/gal (g/L), andDc= clearcoa
36、t solids density, lb/gal (g/L).11. Calculation11.1 Use the following calculations to determine the amountof VOC available to a VOC control device CL, expressed inpounds (grams) VOC per gallon (litre) solids applied:11.1.1 The weight of coating solids deposited, Ws, is equalto the coated panel weight
37、 after full bake minus the panelweight before coating application as follows:WS5 W32 W (3)orWS5 W22 W if W2represents a fully cured paint film!where:WS= weight of coating solids deposited, lb (g),W2= weight of panel at point which exhaust air is no longervented to VOC control device,W3= weight of pa
38、nel with fully baked paint film, andW = weight of initial unpainted test panel.11.1.2 Determine the weight of VOC available for abate-ment control (WA) by taking the difference in the weight of thepanel representing the point in the process at which the exhaustair is vented to the control device (W1
39、) and the weight of thepanel at the point where the exhaust air is no longer vented tothe VOC control device (W2) as follows:WA5 W12 W2(4)where:WA= weight of VOC available for control, lb (g),W1= weight of panel at point at which exhaust air is firstvented to VOC control device, andW2= weight of pan
40、el at point at which exhaust air is nolonger vented to VOC control device.11.1.3 Calculate the pounds VOC available for control pergallon of coating solids applied, CL, by combining the weightof VOC available (WA), weight of coating solids applied (WS)and the coating solids density (DCS) as follows:
41、CL5SWAWSD3DCS(5)where:CL= VOC loading lb/gal (g/L),WA= VOC available for removal, lb,WS= coating solids applied, lb, andDCS= coating solids density, lb/gal (g/L).NOTE 2Coating materials must be the specific formulations (inas-applied condition) used in the process for which the VOC loading forthe VO
42、C control device, is to be determined.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionIt is not practicable to obtain the data tospecify the precision of the procedure in Test Method D5087for measuring the amount of VOC. The test method is verycostly to perform. There are an insufficient number of labsavailable
43、 to participate in a round robin to obtain the databecause of the excessive cost and time required to perform themethod. The precision statements associated with D2369,D1400, D1186, and D1005 are applicable to the portions of themethod where they are used.12.2 BiasSince there is no accepted referenc
44、e proceduresuitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this testmethod, no statement on bias is being made.13. Keywords13.1 automotive coatings; solvent release; VOC abatementASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
45、item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical c
46、ommittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
47、a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
48、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 02 (2014)3
