1、Designation: D5092 04 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Practice forDesign and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5092; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThe units statement in 1.5 was revised editorially in August 2010.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a methodology for
3、 designing andinstalling conventional (screened and filter-packed) groundwa-ter monitoring wells suitable for formations ranging fromunconsolidated aquifers (i.e., sands and gravels) to granularmaterials having grain-size distributions with up to 50 %passing a #200 sieve and as much as 20 % clay-siz
4、ed material(i.e., silty fine sands with some clay). Formations finer than this(i.e., silts, clays, silty clays, clayey silts) should not bemonitored using conventional monitoring wells, as representa-tive groundwater samples, free of artifactual turbidity, cannotbe assured using currently available
5、technology. Alternativemonitoring technologies (not described in this practice) shouldbe used in these formations1.2 The recommended monitoring well design and installa-tion procedures presented in this practice are based on theassumption that the objectives of the program are to obtainrepresentativ
6、e groundwater samples and other representativegroundwater data from a targeted zone of interest in thesubsurface defined by site characterization.1.3 This practice, in combination with proper well develop-ment (D5521), proper groundwater sampling procedures(D4448), and proper well maintenance and re
7、habilitation(D5978), will permit acquisition of groundwater samples freeof artifactual turbidity, eliminate siltation of wells betweensampling events, and permit acquisition of accurate groundwa-ter levels and hydraulic conductivity test data from the zonescreened by the well. For wells installed in
8、 fine-grainedformation materials (up to 50 % passing a #200 sieve), it isgenerally necessary to use low-flow purging and samplingtechniques (D6771) in combination with proper well design tocollect turbidity-free samples.1.4 This practice applies primarily to well design andinstallation methods used
9、in drilled boreholes. Other Standards,including Guide D6724 and Practice D6725, cover installationof monitoring wells using direct-push methods.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard, except as noted below. The values given inparentheses are mathematical conversions
10、to SI units, whichare provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for massis slugs.1.6 This standard does
11、not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This practice offers a set of inst
12、ructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Nat all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace t
13、he standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensu
14、s process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C150 Specification for Portland CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesD421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples forParticle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-stants1This practice is under the
15、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5092041. D
16、OI:10.1520/D5092-04R10E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
17、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling byAugerBoringsD1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT)
18、and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils forGeotechnical PurposesD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling ofRock for Site InvestigationD2217 Practice for Wet Preparation of Soil Samples forParticle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-s
19、tantsD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D3282 Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction PurposesD3441
20、 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Testsof SoilD3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,Drive Sampling of SoilsD4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting SoilSamplesD4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose ZoneD4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface LiquidLeve
21、ls in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (ObservationWell)3D5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting RockCore SamplesD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Waste SitesD5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Ground-Water SiteD5299 Guide for Decommissioning
22、of Ground Water Wells,Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and OtherDevices for Environmental ActivitiesD5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorationsof Soil and RockD5518 Guide for Acquisition of File Aerial Photographyand Imagery for Establishing Historic Site-Use and Surfi-cial Co
23、nditionsD5521 Guide for Development of Ground-Water Monitor-ing Wells in Granular AquifersD5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Low Level Radioactive Waste SitesD5730 Guide for Site Characterization for EnvironmentalPurposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zoneand Gro
24、und WaterD5753 Guide for Planning and Conducting Borehole Geo-physical LoggingD5777 Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method forSubsurface InvestigationD5781 Guide for Use of Dual-Wall Reverse-CirculationDrilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Instal-lation of Subsurface Water-Quality
25、 Monitoring DevicesD5782 Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling forGeoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Explorationand the Installation of
26、 Subsurface Water-Quality Monitor-ing DevicesD5784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoen-vironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5787 Practice for Monitoring Well ProtectionD5872 Guide for Use of Casing Advancement DrillingMethods for Geoenv
27、ironmental Exploration and Installa-tion of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5875 Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and SamplingMethods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installa-tion of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5876 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Wireline CasingA
28、dvancement Drilling Methods for GeoenvironmentalExploration and Installation of Subsurface Water-QualityMonitoring DevicesD5978 Guide for Maintenance and Rehabilitation ofGround-Water Monitoring WellsD5979 Guide for Conceptualization and Characterization ofGround-Water SystemsD6001 Guide for Direct-
29、Push Ground Water Sampling forEnvironmental Site CharacterizationD6067 Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Pen-etrometer Tests for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6167 Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Log-ging: Mechanical CaliperD6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Samplin
30、gDevices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investi-gationsD6235 Practice for Expedited Site Characterization of Va-dose Zone and Ground Water Contamination at HazardousWaste Contaminated SitesD6274 Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Log-ging - GammaD6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampli
31、ng for Environ-mental Site CharacterizationsD6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Envi-ronmental Site CharacterizationD6429 Guide for Selecting Surface Geophysical MethodsD6430 Guide for Using the Gravity Method for SubsurfaceInvestigationD6431 Guide for Using the Direct Current Resistiv
32、ityMethod for Subsurface InvestigationD6432 Guide for Using the Surface Ground PenetratingRadar Method for Subsurface InvestigationD6519 Practice for Sampling of Soil Using the Hydrauli-cally Operated Stationary Piston SamplerD6639 Guide for Using the Frequency Domain Electromag-netic Method for Sub
33、surface Investigations3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.D5092 04 (2010)12D6640 Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Ob-tained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Inves-tigationsD6724 Guide for Installation of Direct Push Gro
34、und WaterMonitoring WellsD6725 Practice for Direct Push Installation of PrepackedScreen Monitoring Wells in Unconsolidated AquifersD6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling forWells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Inves-tigationsF480 Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe
35、andCouplings Made in Standard Dimension Ratios (SDR),SCH 40 and SCH 803. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 annular space; annulusthe space between two con-centric strings of casing, or between the casing and theborehole wall. This includes the space(s) between multiplestrings of casing in a borehole
36、installed either concentrically oradjacent to one another.3.1.2 artifactual turbidityparticulate matter that is notnaturally mobile in the groundwater system and that is pro-duced in some way by the groundwater sampling process. Mayconsist of particles introduced to the subsurface during drillingor
37、well construction, sheared from the target monitoring zoneduring pumping or bailing the well, or produced by exposure ofgroundwater to atmospheric conditions.3.1.3 assessment monitoringan investigative monitoringprogram that is initiated after the presence of a contaminant ingroundwater has been det
38、ected. The objective of this programis to determine the concentration of constituents that havecontaminated the groundwater and to quantify the rate andextent of migration of these constituents.3.1.4 ballastmaterials used to provide stability to a buoy-ant object (such as casing within a water-fille
39、d borehole).3.1.5 boreholean open or uncased subsurface hole, gen-erally circular in plan view, created by drilling.3.1.6 borehole logthe record of geologic units penetrated,drilling progress, depth, water level, sample recovery, volumes,and types of materials used, and other significant facts regar
40、d-ing the drilling and/or installation of an exploratory borehole orwell.3.1.7 bridgean obstruction within the annulus that mayprevent circulation or proper placement of annular fill materi-als.3.1.8 casingpipe, finished in sections with either threadedconnections or beveled edges to be field welded
41、, which isinstalled temporarily or permanently either to counteract cav-ing, to advance the borehole, or to isolate the zone beingmonitored, or any combination of these.3.1.9 casing, protectivea section of larger diameter pipethat is placed over the upper end of a smaller diametermonitoring well ris
42、er or casing to provide structural protectionto the well, to prevent damage to the well, and to restrictunauthorized access into the well.3.1.10 casing, surfacepipe used to stabilize a boreholenear the surface during the drilling of a borehole that may beleft in place or removed once drilling is com
43、pleted.3.1.11 caving; sloughingthe inflow of unconsolidated ma-terial into a borehole that occurs when the borehole walls losetheir cohesiveness.3.1.12 cementcommonly known as Portland cement. Amixture that consists of calcareous, argillaceous, or othersilica-, alumina-, and iron-oxide-bearing mater
44、ials that ismanufactured and formulated to produce various types whichare defined in Specification C150. Portland cement is consid-ered a hydraulic cement because it must be mixed with waterto form a cement-water paste that has the ability to harden anddevelop strength even if cured under water.3.1.
45、13 centralizera device that assists in the centering ofa casing or riser within a borehole or another casing.3.1.14 confining unita body of relatively low hydraulicconductivity formation material stratigraphically adjacent toone or more aquifers. Synonymous with “aquiclude,”“ aqui-tard,” and “aquifu
46、ge.”3.1.15 detection monitoringa program of monitoring forthe express purpose of determining whether or not there hasbeen a contaminant release to groundwater.3.1.16 d-10the diameter of a soil particle (preferably inmm) at which 10 % by weight (dry) of the particles of aparticular sample are finer.
47、Synonymous with the effective sizeor effective grain size.3.1.17 d-60the diameter of a soil particle (preferably inmm) at which 60 % by weight (dry) of the particles of aparticular sample are finer.3.1.18 flush joint or flush coupledcasing or riser with endsthreaded such that a consistent inside and
48、 outside diameter ismaintained across the threaded joints or couplings.3.1.19 gravel packcommon term used to refer to theprimary filter pack of a well (see primary filter pack).3.1.20 grout (monitoring wells)a low-permeability mate-rial placed in the annulus between the well casing or riser andthe b
49、orehole wall (in a single-cased monitoring well), orbetween the riser and casing (in a multi-cased monitoringwell), to prevent movement of groundwater or surface waterwithin the annular space.3.1.21 hydrologic unitgeologic strata that can be distin-guished on the basis of capacity to yield and transmit fluids.Aquifers and confining units are types of hydrologic units.Boundaries of a hydrologic unit may not necessarily corre-spond either laterally or vertically to lithostratigraphic forma-tions.3.1.22 multi-cased wella well constructed by using suc-cessivel
