1、Designation: D 5107 03 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forPreparatory Surface Cleaning of Architectural Sandstone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers non-abrasive surface cleaning ofarchitectural sandstone to remove grease, dirt, loose mate
3、rial,and surface deposits such as soot, fly ash, hydrocarbonresidues, and algae and other biological growth in preparationfor the application of water repellent coatings. Proceduresinclude broom cleaning, vacuum cleaning, air blast cleaning,water cleaning (and detergent water cleaning), and chemical
4、cleaning.1.2 LimitationsThis practice is intended to clean architec-tural sandstone without damaging it or altering the surfaceprofile. These procedures are not intended for interior stone-work. Where work on surfaces of artistic, architectural, cul-tural, or historic significance is being considere
5、d, guidancefrom specialists should be sought.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
6、of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneD 4262 Test
7、Method for pH of Chemically Cleaned orEtched Concrete SurfacesD 4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete bythe Plastic Sheet MethodD 4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-pressed Air3. Significance and Use3.1 Surface cleaning is necessary to prepare architecturalsandstone s
8、urfaces for application of coatings intended forwater repellent protection. Surface cleaning of the sandstonesubstrate helps to ensure proper adhesion of the coating.3.2 Use of procedures described in this practice may not beadequate where protective systems will be used for continuousor intermitten
9、t immersion or mechanical loading.4. Hazards4.1 Moisture in the architectural sandstone may be detri-mental to coating adhesion or (in some cases) cure. Moisturecontent shall be in compliance with coating manufacturersrecommendation. See also Test Method D 4263.4.2 Localized staining (for example ef
10、florescence and me-tallic staining) and previously applied coatings or preservativetreatments not compatible with the treatment may requireremoval by other surface preparation methods.4.3 Water cleaning, detergent water cleaning, and chemicalcleaning should not be performed at temperatures below 40F
11、.4.4 Many chemical cleaning products contain acids andshould be handled according to manufacturers recommenda-tions. Use and disposal of materials should conform to estab-lished federal, state, local, and project requirements.4.5 If pressure washing equipment is employed for watercleaning or for flu
12、shing the surface with detergent watercleaning or chemical cleaning, the minimum effective pressureshould be used. Avoid excessive pressures that could damagethe sandstone substrate.5. Procedure5.1 Air blast, water, scrubbing, sweeping, or vacuuming areacceptable cleaning methods. Chemical cleaning
13、agents maybe used to remove surface deposits such as soot, fly ash, andhydrocarbon residues not removed by any of the above1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.47 o
14、n Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5107 - 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea
15、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.methods. Chemical cleaning should be preceded and followedb
16、y a thorough fresh water rinse.5.2 Existing conditions of the substrate will determine theselection of appropriate procedure(s). Prior to the initiation ofcleaning, small test areas should be cleaned in inconspicuousareas by the selected procedure to determine effectiveness.5.3 The six types of clea
17、ning procedures are describedbelow. One or more of the procedures may be required toremove contaminants from the sandstone surface:5.3.1 Broom CleaningRemoves most loosely adherentsolid contaminants.5.3.1.1 Working from top to bottom, sweep the surface witha clean industrial stiff-bristled broom or
18、similar device. Re-move sweepings from the immediate work area.5.3.1.2 Clean broom-cleaned surfaces again, using one ormore of the surface preparation procedures specified in 5.3.2through 5.3.6.5.3.2 Vacuum CleaningRemoves surface dust and otherdebris.5.3.2.1 Vacuum the surface with a heavy-duty typ
19、e indus-trial vacuum to provide an essentially dust-free surface.5.3.3 Air Blast CleaningRemoves debris, dust, dirt,loosely adherent architectural sandstone, and laitance fromsurfaces to provide an essentially sound, dust-free surface.5.3.3.1 Clean surface with a compressed-air stream througha blast
20、ing nozzle held at an oblique angle approximately 0.6 m(2 ft) from the surface. Air stream pressure should not exceed689 kPa (100 psi).5.3.3.2 Before initiating air-blast cleaning, verify that the airstream is free of oil in accordance with Test Method D 4285.5.3.3.3 Surface cleanliness requires car
21、rying off airbornedust before it is redeposited. Vacuum cleaning may be requiredto remove redeposited dust.5.3.4 Water CleaningRemoves dust, dirt, and water-soluble surface contaminants.5.3.4.1 Clean the surface with a stream of clean potablewater, aimed at an oblique angle approximately 0.6 m (2 ft
22、)from the surface, having sufficient pressure to remove dust,dirt, and loose material without damaging the substrate. Whennecessary, hand scrub with a nonmetallic stiff-bristled fiberbrush.5.3.4.2 Prior to water cleaning, make provisions for theremoval of wash water and contaminants generated.5.3.4.
23、3 If necessary, test the cleaned surface for moisturecontent in accordance with Test Method D 4263 prior toapplying coatings.5.3.5 Detergent Water CleaningRemoves water-solublesurface contaminants and oils, grease, and other emulsifiablematerials on the surface.5.3.5.1 Scrape off heavy deposits of g
24、rease or oil and prewetthe surface with potable water. Clean the surface with anonmetallic stiff-bristled fiber brush, using an aqueous solutionof detergent or nonsolvent emulsifier. Immediately after treat-ment, before the surface dries, remove residues of the cleaningagent by thoroughly flushing t
25、he surface with clean potablewater. Repeat flushing until the pH of the surface water meetsthe acceptance criteria of Test Method D 4262.5.3.5.2 Repeat 5.3.5.1 until water does not bead on thesurface.5.3.5.3 Prior to detergent water washing, make provisionsfor the removal of wash water and contamina
26、nts generated.5.3.5.4 If necessary, test the cleaned surface for moisturecontent in accordance with Test Method D 4263.5.3.6 Chemical CleaningThis procedure is similar todetergent water washing, but involves the use of proprietarychemical cleaning compounds (generally hydrofluoric andphosphoric acid
27、s) for the removal of surface deposits such assoot, fly ash, and hydrocarbon residues.NOTE 1In some cases, removal of heavy soiling may require use ofalkaline pretreatment prior to acidic cleaning.5.3.6.1 Chemical cleaning using acidic products is generallynot recommended for calcareous sandstones.
28、(See TerminologyC119.)5.3.6.2 Protect all adjacent materials and surrounding areasas recommended by the manufacturer of the proprietarychemical cleaning compound.5.3.6.3 Prior to chemical cleaning, provide for applicationto small test area to determine effectiveness. Make provisionsfor the removal o
29、f water and contaminants generated duringfull-scale cleaning operations.5.3.6.4 Before applying the chemical cleaning compound,prewet the surface thoroughly with potable water to preventabsorption of the cleaning solution within the pores of themasonry.5.3.6.5 Apply a dilute solution of a proprietar
30、y cleaningcompound to the pre-wet surface as recommended by themanufacturer. Leave the cleaning solution on the surface for aprescribed dwell period (usually less than 5 min).5.3.6.6 Immediately following the dwell period, and beforethe surface dries, flush thoroughly to wash chemical cleaningcompou
31、nds from the surface, then rinse thoroughly frombottom to top. (Rinsing from bottom to top helps to avoidsurface streaking.) Repeat flushing may be necessary to re-move cleaning residues.5.3.6.7 EvaluationVisually examine the prepared surfaceto evaluate removal of debris, dust, dirt, oil, grease, lo
32、oselyadherent sandstone building stone, and other contaminants.Test the surfaces cleaned with proprietary chemical cleaningcompounds for pH in accordance with Test Method D 4262 andif necessary test for moisture content in accordance with TestMethod D 4263 prior to applying coatings.5.4 Surface clea
33、ning is intended to provide a clean,contamination-free surface without damaging or removingarchitectural sandstone from intact, sound surfaces. Acceptablesurfaces shall be free of oil, grease, loosely adhering sandstone,and other contamination such as dirt, soot, fly ash, andhydrocarbon residues.6.
34、Keywords6.1 cleaning; sandstone; surface preparationD 5107 03 (2007)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of an
35、y such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are i
36、nvited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receiv
37、ed a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5107 03 (2007)3
