1、Designation: D 5156 02 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Methods forContinuous Measurement of Ozone in Ambient, Workplace,and Indoor Atmospheres (Ultraviolet Absorption)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the sampling and continuousanalysis
3、 of ozone (O3) in the atmosphere at concentrationsranging from 10 to 2000 g/m3of O3in air (5 ppb(v) to 1ppm(v).1.1.1 The test method is limited to applications by itssensitivity to interferences as described in Section 6. Theinterference sensitivities may limit its use for ambient andworkplace atmos
4、pheres.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determin
5、e the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD 1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the AmbientAtmosphereD 1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relatingto Sampl
6、ing and Analysis of AtmospheresD 3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-duresD 3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface AtmosphericPressureD 3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias ofMethods of Committee D22D 5011 Practices for Calibration of Ozone Monitors UsingTransfer Stan
7、dardsD5110 Practice for Calibration of Ozone Monitors andCertification of Ozone Transfer Standards Using Ultravio-let PhotometryIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Practice for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System)2.2 Other Documents:EPA-600/4-76-005, Quality Assurance Handbook for
8、 AirPollution Measurement Systems, Vol I, “Principles”3EPA-600/4-77-027a, Quality Assurance Handbook for AirPollution Measurement Systems, Vol II, “Ambient AirSpecific Methods”33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 1356.An explanation o
9、f units,symbols, and conversion factors may be found in PracticeE 380.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 absolute ultraviolet photometera photometer whosedesign, construction, and maintenance is such that it canmeasure the absorbance caused by O3mixtures without refer-ence to e
10、xternal absorption standards. Given a value for theabsorption coefficient of O3at 253.7 nm and a reading from theabsolute ultraviolet photometer, O3concentrations can becalculated with accuracy.An absolute ultraviolet photometer isused only on prepared O3mixtures free from interferences, asin calibr
11、ation activity.3.2.2 primary standarda standard directly defined andestablished by some authority, against which all secondarystandards are compared.3.2.3 secondary standarda standard used as a means ofcomparison, but checked against a primary standard.3.2.4 standardan accepted reference sample or d
12、eviceused for establishing the measurement of a physical quantity.3.2.5 transfer standarda type of secondary standard; it isa transportable device or apparatus that, together with opera-tional procedures, is capable of reproducing pollutant concen-trations or producing acceptable assays of pollutant
13、 concentra-tions.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on AmbientAtmospheres and Source Emissions.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previou
14、s edition approved in 2002 as D 5156 - 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Nat
15、ional Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, http:/www.ntis.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is based on the absorption of ult
16、ravioletradiation at 253.7-nm wavelength by O3and the use of anozone-specific scrubber to generate a reference air stream withonly O3scrubbed from it. A single-cell ultraviolet absorptionphotometer is used, with the cell filled alternately with ambientand O3-scrubbed ambient air. The absorption to b
17、e measured atthe lower part of the operating range is extremely small.Special precautions and designs must be used to obtainaccurate results.4.2 The absorption of radiation at 253.7 nm by O3at verylow concentrations follows the Beer-Lambert Law. Namely, fora cell of length d, assuming a constant inp
18、ut ultravioletintensity, the ratio of the emerging intensities for the cell filledwith sample air, Is, and with O3-scrubbed air, Io, is:IsIo5 e2cad!(1)where:c = the concentration of O3, ppm (v),d = the length of the cell, cm, anda = the absorption coefficient of O3per length unit of d andper concent
19、ration unit of c.4.3 When (cad) is 100 252,5-dimethystyrene 147 10Benzaldehyde 1, 5 10, 25o-Cresol 19, 12 10, 252-Methyl-4 nitrophenol 139 132-Nitrotoluene 78 10Pyruvic acid 0-5 25Bio-mass combustion products + 26, 29Naphthalene 116 132,4dimethylphenol 18 13Elemental Mercury 10 000-100 000 27, 28, 2
20、9PM0.55.0+30AHudgens et al (10) tested scrubbing absorption efficiencies at 10 to 20 ppb(v)levels of potential interferences. Grosjean and Harrison (25) used 0.1 to 1 ppm(v)concentrations of potential interferences.BIn Grosjean and Harrison (25), no response was reported for up to 1 ppm ofthe follow
21、ing compounds: toluene, peroxy acetyl nitrate, biacetyl, peroxybenzoylnitrate, methyl nitrate, n-propyl nitrate, n-butyl nitrate, methanethiol, methyl sulfide,or ethyl sulfide. Huggens et al (10) report no response to benzene, toluene, oro,m,p-xylene at 10 to 20 ppb(v). Kleindienst et al (11) howeve
22、r, report a 10 %response to toluene. Kleindienst et al. (13) report no response to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.D 5156 02 (2008)6(17) EPA-600/4-79-056, “Transfer Standards for Calibration of Air Moni-toringAnalyzers for Ozone,” NationalTechnical Information Service,Springfield, VA 22161.(18) EPA-600/S4-80
23、-050, “Evaluation of Ozone Calibration Techniques,”National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.(19) EPA-600/4-79-057, “TechnicalAssistance Document for the Calibra-tion of Ozone Monitors,” National Technical Information Service,Springfield, VA 22161.(20) 40 CFR Part 53, Appendix E.
24、(21) Rehme, K. A., Puzak, J. C., Beard, M. E., Smith, C. F., and Paur, R.J., “Evaluation of Ozone Calibration Procedures,” EPA-600/S4-80-050, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151,1981.(22) Wendt, J., Kowalski, J., Bass, A. M., Ellis, C., and Patapoff, M.,“Interagency Compari
25、son of Ultraviolet Photometer Standards forMeasuring Ozone Concentrations,” NBS Special Publication SP 529,National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151,1978.(23) 40 CFR Part 53.20.(24) 40 CFR Part 58.23.(25) Grosjean, D., and Harrison, J., “Response of Chemiluminescent NOXAnalyzers
26、and Ultraviolet Ozone Analyzers to Organic Air Pollut-ants,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 19, No. 9, 1985, p.862.(26) Huntzicker, J. A., and Johnson, R. L., “Investigations of an AmbientInterference in the Measurement of Ozone by Ultraviolet Photom-etry,” Environmental Science and Techn
27、ology, Vol 13, No. 11, 1979,p. 1414.(27) McElroy, F., Mikel, D., Nees, M., Quality Assurance Handbook forAir Pollutant Measurement Systems, Vol. II, May 1997 (USEPA,RTP, NC)http:/www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/qaqc/ozone4.pdf.(28) Laboratory Study to Explore Potential Interferences to Air Quali
28、tyMonitors, EPA-454/C-00-002, December 1999 (USEPA, RTP, NC)http:/www.epa.gov.ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/reldocs/finalreport.pdf.(29) Friedli, H.R., Radke, L.F., Lu, J.Y., “Mercury in Smoke fromBiomass Fires,” Geophysical Research Letters 28: 3223 (2001).(30) Leston, A.R., Ollison, W.M., “The Impact of Ambient Aerosols onOzone as Measured by Ultraviolet Photometry,” VIP-100/CD, Mea-surement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Air or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5156 02 (2008)7
