ASTM D5195-2014 Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surface by Nuclear Methods《使用核方法测定表面下深度土壤和岩石密度的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D5195-2014 Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surface by Nuclear Methods《使用核方法测定表面下深度土壤和岩石密度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D5195-2014 Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surface by Nuclear Methods《使用核方法测定表面下深度土壤和岩石密度的标准试验方法》.pdf(8页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D5195 08D5195 14Standard Test Method forDensity of Soil and Rock In-Place at Depths Below Surfaceby Nuclear Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the density of soil and rock by the attenuation of gamma
3、radiation, where thegamma source and the gamma detector are placed at the desired depth in a bored hole lined by an access tube.1.1.1 For limitations see Section 5 on Interference.1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is calculated by comparing the detected rate of gam
4、maradiation with previously established calibration data (see Annex A1).1.3 A precision statement has not been developed for this standard at this time. Therefore, this standard should not be used foracceptance or rejection of a material for purchasignpurchasing purposes unless correlated to other a
5、ccepted ASTM standards.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only and may be approximate.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Pr
6、acticeD6026.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded, and calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The proceduresused do not consider material varia
7、tion, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the usersobjectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with theseconsiderations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significa
8、nt digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabili
9、ty of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7, “Hazards.”2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings3D1587 Practice for T
10、hin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical PurposesD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for Site InvestigationD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD2937 Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Drive-
11、Cylinder MethodD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic TestingD5220 Test Method for Water Mass per Unit Volume of Soil and Rock In-Place by
12、the Neutron Depth Probe MethodD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and ConstructionControl Tests.Current edition approved S
13、ept. 1, 2008July 1, 2014. Published September 2008August 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20022008as D5195 02.D5195 08. DOI: 10.1520/D5195-08.10.1520/D5195-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at s
14、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Replace with continuous flight and hollowstream methods when available.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM sta
15、ndard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by AS
16、TM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6938 Test Method for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-Ag
17、gregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653 for generaldefinitions3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 wet densitysame as bulk density (as defined in Terminology D
18、653); the total mass (solids plus water) per total volume.3.2.2 gamma (radiation) sourcea sealed source of sealed, radioactive material that emits gamma radiation as it decays.3.2.3 gamma detectora device to detectobserve and measure gamma radiation.3.2.4 Compton scatteringthe interaction between a
19、gamma ray (photon) and an orbital electron where the gamma ray losesenergy and rebounds in a different direction.3.2.5 water contentthe ratio of the mass of water contained in the pore spaces of soil or soil-aggregate, to the solid mass ofparticles in that material, expressed as a percentage (this i
20、s sometimes referred to in some scientific fields as gravimetric watercontent to differentiate it from volumetric water content).3.2.5 volumetric water contentthe volume of water as a percent of the total volume of soil or rock material.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful as a rapi
21、d, nondestructive technique for the calculation of the in-place density of soil and rockat desired depths below the surface as opposed to surface measurements in accordance with Test Method D6938.4.2 This test method is useful for informational and research purposes. It should only be used for quali
22、ty control and acceptancetesting when correlated to other accepted methods such as Test Method D2937.4.3 The non-destructive nature of the test method allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location forstatistical analysis and to monitor changes over time.4.4 The fundamental assu
23、mptions inherent in this test method are that Compton scattering and photoelectric absorption are thedominant interactions of the gamma rays with the material under test.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing i
24、t, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent andobjective testing/sampling/inspection, and the like. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in
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