1、Designation: D5202 08D5202/D5202M 16Standard Test Method forDetermining Triaxial Compression Creep Strength ofChemicalChemically Grouted Soils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5202;D5202/D5202M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of long-term strength and defor
3、mation of a cylindrical specimen of either a(undisturbed) field sample or laboratory-fabricated chemical grouted soil when it is sheared undrained in compression under aconstant sustained load.NOTE 1The voids of chemical grouted soils are most often substantially filled with grout. Thus, pore pressu
4、res are unlikely to develop. This testmethod is not applicable to partially grouted soils in which substantial pore pressures may develop. If pore pressures must be measured, reference is madeto Test Method D4767 for equipment and procedures.1.2 This test method provides data useful in determining s
5、trength and deformation properties of chemical grouted soilssubjected to sustained loads. Mohr strength envelopes may also be determined.1.3 The determination of strength envelopes and the development of relationships to aid in interpreting and evaluating testresults are left to the engineer or offi
6、ce requesting the test.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in PracticeD6026.1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system maynot be exact eq
7、uivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safe
8、ty and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.7 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judg
9、ment. Not all aspects of this practice may beapplicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projectsma
10、ny unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved throughthe ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Ro
11、ck, and Contained FluidsD854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water PycnometerD2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Use
12、d inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4219 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength Index of Chemical-Grouted Soils (Withdrawn 2017)31 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization W
13、ithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008Nov. 15, 2016. Published February 2008December 2016. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20022008as D5202 02.D5202 08. DOI: 10.1520/D5202-08.10.1520/D5202_D5202M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, ww
14、w.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM sta
15、ndard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cas
16、es only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4320 Practice
17、for Laboratory Preparation of Chemically Grouted Soil Specimens for Obtaining Design Strength ParametersD4767 Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive SoilsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data3. Terminology3.1 For common definitions of
18、 terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 failurein creep studies, the stress condition at a predefined excessive (15 to 20 %) strain, or at continuing strain levelleading to fracture.4. Significance and Use4.1 Data from these
19、 tests may be used for structural and geomechanical design purposes. Adequate safety factors, based onengineering judgment must be determined by the user.NOTE 2Sampling procedures for in-situ specimens have a major influence on test results. Specimens carefully trimmed in the laboratory from largebl
20、ock samples taken in the field have the least chance of fracturing prior to testing. Sample preparation methods of laboratory-fabricated specimens alsohave a major influence on test results. Specimens should be fabricated in accordance with Test Method D4320.NOTE 3The quality of the result produced
21、by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability ofthe equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting/sampling/inspection/etc. testing, sampling,
22、 and inspection. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does notin itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 The requirements for equipment needed t
23、o perform satisfactory tests are given in the following sections:5.2 Axial Loading DeviceThe axial compression device may be a dead weight system, a pneumatic or hydraulic load cell, orany other device capable of applying and maintaining desired constant loads to the accuracy prescribed for the load
24、- measuringdevice.5.3 Axial Load-Measuring DeviceThe axial load-measuring device may be a load ring, electronic load cell, hydraulic loadcell, or any other load-measuring device capable of the accuracy prescribed in this subsection and may be part of the axial loadingdevice. The axial load-measuring
25、 device shall be capable of measuring the axial load to an accuracy of within 61 % of the axialload at failure. If the load-measuring device is located inside the triaxial chamber it shall be insensitive to horizontal forces andto the magnitude of the chamber pressure.5.4 Triaxial Compression Chambe
26、rThe triaxial chamber shall consist of a headplate and a baseplate separated by a cylinder.The size of the cylinder should be enough to yield a minimum annular clearance of 12 mm (12 in. (12 mm)in.) with the untestedspecimen. The cylinder may be constructed of any material capable of withstanding th
27、e applied pressures. It is desirable to use atransparent material or have a cylinder provided with viewing ports so the behavior of the specimen may be observed. Theheadplate shall have a vent valve such that air can be forced out of the chamber as it is filled. The baseplate shall have an inletthro
28、ugh which the pressure liquid chamber fluid (usually water) is supplied to the chamber, and appropriate connections for thespecimen base.5.5 Axial Load PistonThe piston passing through the top of the chamber and its seal must be designed so the variation in theaxial load due to friction does not exc
29、eed 0.1 % of the axial load at failure and so there is negligible lateral bending of the pistonduring loading. Alternatively, the apparatus may be calibrated, and a correction for friction may be made.NOTE 4The use of two linear ball bushings to guide the piston is recommended to minimize friction a
30、nd maintain alignment.NOTE 5A minimum piston diameter of 16 the specimen diameter has been used successfully in many laboratories to minimize lateral bending.5.6 Pressure Control DevicesThe chamber pressure control devices shall be capable of applying and controlling pressures towithin 60.25 psi (2
31、kPa)62 kPa (0.25 psi) for pressures less than 28 psi (200 kPa)200 kPa (28 psi) and to within 61 % forpressures greater than 28 psi (200 kPa).200 kPa (28 psi). The device may consist of self -compensating mercury pots, pneumaticpressure regulators,regulators or any other device capable of applying an
32、d controlling pressures to the required tolerances.5.7 Pressure-Measurement DevicesThe chamber pressure measuring devices shall be capable of measuring pressures to thetolerances given in 5.6. They may consist of Bourdon gages,gauges, pressures manometers, electronic pressure transducers, or anyothe
33、r device capable of measuring to the stated tolerances.5.8 Deformation IndicatorThe vertical deformation of the specimen is usually determined from the travel of the piston actingon top of the specimen. The piston travel shall be measured with an accuracy of at least 60.2 % of the initial specimen h
34、eight.The deformation indicator shall have a travel range of at least 20 % of the initial height of the specimen and may be a dial indicator,linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), extensometer, or other measuring device meeting the requirements for accuracyand range. Alternatively, the ver
35、tical deformation of the specimen can be measured from the top surface of the specimen cap.D5202/D5202M 1625.9 Specimen Cap and BaseThe specimen cap and base shall be constructed of a rigid, noncorrosive, impermeable material,and shall have a circular plane surface of contact with the specimen and a
36、 circular cross section. The weight of the specimen capshall be less than 0.5 % of the applied axial load at failure or less than 0.1 lb (50 g).50 g (0.1 lb). The diameter of the cap andbase shall be equal to the initial diameter of the specimen. The specimen base shall be connected to the triaxial
37、compressionchamber to prevent lateral motion or tilting, and the specimen cap shall be designed to receive the piston such that eccentricityof the piston-to-cap contact relative to the vertical axis of the specimen does not exceed 0.05 in. (0.13 cm).0.13 cm (0.05 in.). Theend of the piston and speci
38、men cap contact area shall be designed so that tilting of the specimen cap during the test is minimal.The cylindrical surface of the specimen base and cap that contacts the membrane to form a seal shall be smooth and free ofscratches.5.10 Rubber MembraneThe rubber membrane used to encase the specime
39、n shall provide reliable protection against leakage.To check a membrane for leakage, the membrane shall be placed around a cylindrical form, sealed at both ends with rubberO-rings, subjected to a small air pressure on the inside, and immersed in water. If air bubbles appear from any point on thememb
40、rane, it shall be rejected. To offer minimum restraint to the specimen, the unstretched membranes diameter diameter of themembrane shall be between 90 and 95 % of that specimen. the specimen diameter. The membrane thickness shall not exceed 1 %of the diameter of the specimen. The membrane shall be s
41、ealed to the specimen cap and base with rubber O-rings with anunstressed inside diameter between 75 and 85 % of the diameter of the cap and base, or by other means that will provide a positiveseal. An equation for correcting deviator stress (principal stress difference) for the effect of the stiffne
42、ss of the membrane is givenin 10.311.3.5.11 Specimen-Size Measurement DevicesDevices used to determine the height and diameter of the specimen shall measurethe respective dimensions to within 60.1 % of the total dimension and be constructed such that their use will not disturb thespecimen.NOTE 6Circ
43、umferential measuring tapes are recommended over calipers for measuringdetermining the diameter.5.12 RecordersSpecimen behavior may be recorded manually or by electronic digital or analog recorders. If electronicrecorders are used, it shall be necessary to calibrate the measuring devices through the
44、 recorder using known input standards.5.13 Weighing DeviceThe specimen weighing device shall be able to determine the mass of the specimen to an accuracy ofwithin 60.05 % of the total mass of the specimen.5.14 Testing EnvironmentPerform the test in an environment where temperature fluctuations are l
45、ess than 67.2F(64C)64C (67.2F) and there is no direct contact with sunlight.5.15 Miscellaneous ApparatusSpecimen trimming and carving tools including a wire saw, steel straightedge, miter box andvertical trimming lath,lathe, may be needed for field samples. Apparatus for preparing laboratory specime
46、ns is detailed in TestMethod D4320. Membranes and O-ring expander, water content cans, and data sheets shall be provided as required.6. Safety Hazards6.1 Tubing composed of glass or other brittle materials may explode/shatter when under pressure, especially air. Therefore, suchtubing should be enclo
47、sed. Establish allowable working pressures and make sure they are not exceeded.7. Test Specimen Preparation7.1 Fabricate specimens as described in Test Method D4320, or carefully trim from samples taken in the field.7.2 Specimen SizeSpecimens shall be cylindrical and have a minimum diameter of 1.3 i
48、n. (3.3 cm).3.3 cm (1.3 in.). Theheight-to-diameter ratio shall be between 2.52.0 and 3.0. The largest particle size shall be smaller than 110 the specimen diameter.If, after completion of a test, it is found based on visual observation that oversize particles are present, indicate this informationi
49、n the report of test data (see Section 1112).NOTE 7If oversize particles are found in the specimen after testing, a particle-size analysis performed in accordance with Method D422 may beperformed to confirm the visual observation and the results provided with the test report (see Section 1112).7.3 Specimen MeasurementMeasure height of specimens at 120 intervals. Diameter shall be measured at three places.Immediately record weight after trimming of fabrication.specimen fabrication/trimming.8. Specimen Mounting8.1 PreparationsBefore mounting the s
