1、Designation: D 5254 92 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forMinimum Set of Data Elements to Identify a Ground-WaterSite1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5254; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers what information should be ob-tained for any individual ground-water site, also known
3、asmonitoring location or sampling station. As used in thispractice, a site is meant to be a single point, not a geographicarea or property. A ground-water site is defined as any source,location, or sampling station capable of producing water orhydrologic data from a natural stratum from below the su
4、rfaceof the earth. A source or facility can include a well, spring orseep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal in orientation).Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore holes,ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydrau-lically connected to the ground water, are appr
5、opriate for theuse intended (see 6.4.2.3).NOTE 1There are many additional data elements that may be neces-sary to identify a site, but are not included in the minimum set of dataelements. An agency or company may require additional data elements asa part of their minimum set.1.2 This practice includ
6、es those data elements that willdistinguish a site as to its geographical location on the surfaceof the earth, political regimes, source identifiers, and individualsite characteristics. These elements apply to all ground-watersites. Each category of site, such as a well or spring, mayindividually re
7、quire additional data elements to be complete.Many of the suggested components and representative codesfor coded data elements are those established by the WaterResources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey and used inthe National Water Information Systems computerized database (1).2NOTE 2The dat
8、a elements presented in this practice do not uniquelyimply a computer data base, but rather the minimum set of ground-waterdata elements that should be collected for entry into any type of permanentfile.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given i
9、n parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory li
10、mitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances
11、. This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only
12、 that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms applicable to this practicerefer to Terminology D 653.4. Summary
13、 of Practice4.1 This practice includes the following data elements toidentify a ground-water site:4.1.1 Geographic LocationIncluding latitude, longitude,latitude-longitude coordinate accuracy, altitude, and altitudeaccuracy.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRo
14、ck and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5254 - 92 (1998).2The boldface numbers given in parentheses ref
15、er to a list of references at theend of the text.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright A
16、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2 Political RegimesIncluding state or country identi-fication, and county or county equivalent.4.1.3 Source IdentifiersIncluding owners name, sourceagency or company and address, unique identif
17、ication, and dateof first record for the ground-water site.4.1.4 Individual Site CharacteristicsIncluding hydrologicunit, setting, type of ground-water site, use of site, use of waterfrom site, and reason for data collection.5. Significance and Use5.1 Normally, the basic ground-water data are gather
18、ed bytrained personnel during the field investigation phase of astudy. Each agency or company has its own methods ofobtaining, recording, and storing the information. Usually,these data are recorded onto forms that serve both in organizingthe information in the field and the office, and many times a
19、sentry forms for a computer data base. For ground-water data tobe of maximum value to the current project and any futurestudies, it is essential that a minimum set of key data elementsbe recorded for each site. The data elements presented in thispractice do not uniquely imply a computer data base, b
20、ut ratherthe minimum set of ground-water data elements that should becollected for entry into any type of permanent file.5.2 When obtaining basic data concerning a ground-watersite, it is necessary to identify thoroughly that site so that itmay be readily field located again with minimal uncertainty
21、and that it may be accurately plotted and interpreted for dataparameters in relationship to other sites. For example, infor-mation can be presented on scientific maps and in summarytables.6. Documentation6.1 Geographic Location:6.1.1 IntroductionThe universally accepted coordinatesdefining the absol
22、ute two-dimensional location of a site on theEarths surface are latitude and longitude. The coordinates aredetermined by careful measurement from an accurate map orby survey. The third-dimension of the location is established bydetermining the altitude at the site, usually from topographicmaps or by
23、 surveying techniques (2).4NOTE 3If sites are located by plane coordinates, plant location grids,or referenced to recoverable benchmarks, they may be recorded if theposition is converted to absolute location coordinates by an acceptablemethod.6.1.2 Documentation Procedures:6.1.2.1 LatitudeLatitude i
24、s a coordinate representationthat indicates locations on the surface of the earth using theearths equator as the respective latitudinal origin. Record thebest available value for the latitude of the site in degrees,minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second (DDMMSSss). Iflatitude of the site is sou
25、th of the Equator, precede the numberswith a minus sign (). The use of N or S is also appropriate(1-8).6.1.2.2 LongitudeLongitude is a coordinate representa-tion that indicates locations on the surface of the Earth usingthe prime meridian (Greenwich, England) as the longitudinalorigin. Record the be
26、st available value for the longitude of thesite, in degrees, minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second(DDDMMSSss). If longitude of the site is measured east of theGreenwich Meridian, precede the numbers with a minus sign(). The use of E or W is also appropriate (1-8).6.1.2.3 Latitude-Longitude Coo
27、rdinate AccuracyRecordthe accuracy of the latitude and longitude values. Suggestedcoordinate accuracy components and representative codes areas follows (1, 6, 7, 8):H The measurement is accurate to 60.01 s.U The measurement is accurate to 60.1 s.S The measurement is accurate to 61s.F The measurement
28、 is accurate to 65s.T The measurement is accurate to 610 s.M The measurement is accurate to 61 min.NOTE 4Components and corresponding codes listed under data ele-ments, such as latitude-longitude coordinate accuracy and setting, are onlysuggestions. An agency or company may require additional compon
29、ents tofully describe their ground-water sites. Also, having the data elementcomponents written out, for example, “accurate to within 1 s” for thelatitude-longitude accuracy, may be preferred to the use of codes. Theimportant factor is that each data element in the “minimum set of dataelements” be i
30、ncluded with every ground-water site.6.1.2.4 AltitudeRecord the altitude of land surface ormeasuring point. Altitude of the land surface is the verticaldistance in feet (or metres) either above or below a referencedatum surface. The reference datum surface must be noted.NOTE 5In the United States, t
31、his reference surface should be theNorth American Vertical Datum (NAVD) of 1988 or National GeodeticVertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929. If another vertical reference datum isused to determine the altitude, describe the system. Altitudes below thereference datum must be preceded by a minus sign () (1, 2,
32、4, 7, 8).NOTE 6The measuring point is usually a clearly defined mark orpermanently fixed object at a ground-water site that is used for conductingrepeated evaluations, such as water levels in a monitoring well.6.1.2.5 Altitude AccuracyRecord the accuracy of the alti-tude. As an example, record 1.0 f
33、or an accuracy of 61mor0.1for 60.1“th” m to denote the judged error of the measurement(1, 3).6.2 Political Regimes:6.2.1 IntroductionThe placement of the ground-water siteinto a political jurisdiction assists in the proper identification ofthe site.6.2.2 Documentation Procedures:6.2.2.1 State or Cou
34、ntry Identification Record the state orcountry in which the site is physically located. The commonsystems for identifying states and countries are the FederalInformation Processing Standard code (FIPS), a two-digitnumeric code or the American National Standard abbreviationtwo-letter code. The countr
35、y codes are a two-character and aset of three-character alphabetic codes (1, 3, 9, 10, 11).NOTE 7The publications (9, 10, 12) containing the codes for coun-tries, states, and counties are available from the National TechnicalInformation Service.46.2.2.2 County and County EquivalentRecord the countyo
36、r county equivalent in which the site is physically located. Thecommon code system for identifying counties is the FIPS code,4Available from National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Depart-ment of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.D 5254 92 (2004)2a three-digit numeric
37、code. The documentation of politicalsubdivisions will depend on the system used in each individualcountry (1, 3, 7, 11).NOTE 8In many cases, it is necessary to record a subdivision of thelocal government to further identify the area where the ground-water siteis located. Some of the local subdivisio
38、ns are a city, town, village,municipality, township, or borough. Identify the local subdivision, forexample “City of Rockville,” to clearly denote the unit.6.3 Source Identifiers:6.3.1 IntroductionThe ground-water site must be identi-fied as to the owner, the agency or company that recorded data,and
39、 its distinctive classification.6.3.2 Documentation Procedures:6.3.2.1 Owners NameRecord the name of the propertyowner of the ground-water site. The recommended format foran individuals name is: last name, first name, middle initial. Ifa companys name is lengthy, use meaningful abbreviations (1,8).6
40、.3.2.2 Source Agency or Company and AddressRecordthe name and address of the agency or company that collectedthe data for the ground-water site. This data element isnecessary to determine the original source of the data for thesite. A coded list of agency and company names is availablethrough Nation
41、al Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX);5the listhas over 1200 organizations that actively collect and storewater data throughout the United States (1, 3-6, 12).6.3.2.3 Unique IdentificationRecord the unique namingthat the agency or company uses to identify the ground-watersite. This identification is calle
42、d by several terms such as “localsite number,” “site identification,” “well number,” etc. Thedescription is commonly a combination of letters and numbersthat could represent a land-net location or a sequential assign-ment for a site in a county, city, or company. This identificationis very important
43、 to precisely differentiate a site in the recordsof an agency or company (1, 5-8).6.3.2.4 Date of First Record for the Ground-Water SiteRecord the date that the first valid transaction occurred for anyelement of the specified site. This could be the date of permitapplication, start of construction,
44、or first used as a monitoringsite. This element is important to facilitate in the properidentification of the record (1, 3, 12).6.4 Individual Characteristics of the Site:6.4.1 IntroductionEach ground-water site has very spe-cific features that, in combination, uniquely identify that site,that is, w
45、ater from a ground-water sustained pond used foraquaculture. These characteristics should be recorded as ameans of further defining the site.6.4.2 Documentation Procedures:6.4.2.1 Hydrologic UnitRecord the hydrologic unit codefor the Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) catalogingunit in which t
46、he site is located. This eight-digit code consistsof four 2-digit parts (1, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14): hydrographic regioncode, subregion code designated by the Water ResourcesCouncil, accounting unit within the National Water DataNetwork, and cataloging unit of the USGSs “Catalog ofInformation on Water Data
47、.”NOTE 9An explanation of a hydrologic unit code, for example Code07080107, is the following; Region Code “07” is the Upper MississippiRiver Basin above the confluence with the Ohio River; Subregion Code“08” is the Mississippi River Basin below Lock and Dam 13 to theconfluence with the Des Moines Ri
48、ver Basin, excluding the Rock RiverBasins; Accounting Unit Code “01” is the Mississippi River Basin belowLock and Dam 13 to the confluence with the Des Moines River Basin,excluding the Iowa and Rock River Basins; and Catalog Unit Code “07”is the Skunk River Basin of Iowa.NOTE 10State hydrologic unit
49、 maps delineating the hydrographicboundaries of these units are available6(see Ref (13).46.4.2.2 SettingRecord the information that best describesthe setting in which the site is located. Setting refers to thetopographic or geomorphic features in the vicinity of the site.Suggested setting components and representative codes are asfollows (1, 8):A Alluvial fanB PlayaC Stream channelD Local depressionE DunesF Flat surfaceG Flood plainH HilltopI Inland wetlandsJ River deltaK SinkholeL LakeM Mangrove swamp or
