1、Designation:D531304D5313/D5313M12 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Durability of Rock for Erosion Control Under Wetting and Drying Conditions 1 ThisstandardisissuedunderthexeddesignationD5313;D5313/D5313M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicates the year of original adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* 1.1 This test method covers procedures for evaluating the durability of rock for er
3、osion control when exposed to wetting and drying conditions.conditions on slabs of rock. This weathering test exposes the rock to wetting and drying cycles similar to uctuating water levels and weather conditions. The rock slabs, prepared in accordance with procedures in Practice D5121, are intended
4、toberepresentativeoferosioncontrolrockanditsweaknesses.Thetestisappropriateforbreakwaterstone,armorstone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials. The limitations of the test are twofold. First, the size of the cut rock slab specimens may eliminate some of the internal defects present in the rock str
5、ucture. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction.Carefulexaminationoftherocksourceandpropersamplingareessentialinminimizingthislimitation.Secondly,the test requires the rock slabs to be exposed to 80 wetting-drying cycles. The test i
6、s time intensive and will require approximately three months to complete the sample preparation, testing, and analysis portions of the procedure. 1.2 The use of reclaimed concrete and other materials is beyond the scope of this test method. 1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound
7、 units presented in brackets are to be regarded as the separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.4 Al
8、lobservedandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtotheguidelinesforsignicantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPractice D6026, unless superseded by this standard. 1.4.1 Forpurposesofcomparingmeasuredorcalculatedvalue(s)withspeciedlimits,themeasuredorcalculatedvalue(s)shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or sig
9、nicant digits in the specied limits. 1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard.Inaddition,theyarerepresentativeofthesignicantdigitsthatgenerallyshouldberetained.Theproceduresuseddonot considermaterialvari
10、ation,purposeforobtainingthedata,specialpurposestudies,oranyconsiderationsfortheusersobjectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce signicant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider signicant digits used i
11、n analytical methods for engineering design. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regula
12、tory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in
13、 Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on
14、 Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for Erosion Control. Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004July 1, 2012. Published February 2004November 2012. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 19972004 as D531392 (1997).D531304. DOI: 10.1520
15、/D5313-04.10.1520/D5313_D5313M-12. 2 ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. This document is not anASTM standard a
16、nd is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
17、 the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document. *ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 1D4992Practice for E
18、valuation of Rock to be Used for Erosion Control D5121Practice for Preparation of Rock Slabs for Durability Testing D6026Practice for Using Signicant Digits in Geotechnical Data 3. Terminology 3.1 DenitionsFor denitions of terms used in this guide, see See Terminology D653. for general denitions. 3.
19、2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 rock saw, na saw capable of cutting rock. The term rock saw shall include the blade which saws the rock, any components that control or power the sawing process or both, and framework on which the blade and any other associated components are mount
20、ed. 3.2.2 slab, na section of rock having two smooth, approximately parallel faces, produced by two saw cuts. The thickness of the slab is generally less than the other dimensions of the rock. The slab will be the specimen of a rock which will subsequently undergo durability tests. The words slab an
21、d specimen are interchangeable throughout the test method. 3.2.3 armor stone, nstone generally 900 to 2,700 kg one to three tons resulting from blasting, cutting, or by other methods placed along shorelines or in jetties to protect the shoreline from erosion due to the action of large waves. 3.2.4 b
22、reakwaterstone,nstonegenerally2,700to18,000kgthreetotwentytonsresultingfromblasting,cutting,orbyother methods placed along shorelines or in jetties to protect the shoreline from erosion due to the action of large waves. 3.2.5 riprap stone, nstone generally less than 1,800 kg two tons specially selec
23、ted and graded, when properly placed prevents erosion through minor wave action, or strong currents and thereby preserves the shape of a surface, slope, or underlying structure. 3.2.6 gabion-ll stone, nstonegenerallylessthan22kg50lbandplacedinbasketsofwireorothersuitablematerial.These baskets are th
24、en tied together to form an integral structure designed to resist erosion along stream banks and around bridge piers. 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 Erosion control rock samples are trimmed into saw-cut slab specimens. Each slab is structurally examined macroscopically and under 20 magnication. The s
25、pecimens are exposed to 80 wetting-drying cycles. Each cycle consists of full immersion in potablewaterforaminimumof12h,thendryingunderinfraredheatlampsorinanovenforaminimumof6h.Atthecompletion ofthetestthepercentlossbymassforeachspecimensetisdetermined.Avisualexaminationoftheslabsisperformedthrough
26、out and at the end of testing. The type of deterioration and changes to previously noted planes of weakness are recorded. 5. Signicance and Use 5.1 Rock used for erosion control may consist of several types, depending on potential use. One type may be armor stone weighing from one to three tons or b
27、reakwater stone weighing three to twenty tons placed along shorelines or in jetties to protect theshorelinefromerosionduetotheactionoflargewaves.Anothertypemayberiprapusuallyweighinglessthanatonandplaced along river banks or on the slopes of dams to prevent erosion due to run-off, wave action or str
28、eam-ow. A third type may be gabion-ll weighing less than 22 kg (50 lb) and placed in baskets of wire or other suitable material. These baskets are then tied together to form an integral structure designed to resist erosion along stream banks and around bridge piers. No matter what form it takes, roc
29、k for erosion control consists of individual pieces of natural stone. The ability of these individual pieces of stone to resist deterioration due to weathering action affects the stability of the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence, the stability of construction projects, struct
30、ures, shorelines, and streambanks.stream banks. 5.2 Thistestmethodisdesignedtodeterminetheeffectsofwettinganddryingactionontheindividualpiecesofrockforerosion controlofwettinganddryingactionandandtheresistanceoftherocktodeterioration.Thistestmethodwasdevelopedtobeused inconjunctionwithadditionaltest
31、methodslistedinPracticeD4992.Thistestmethoddoesnotprovideanabsolutevaluebutrather an indication of the resistance to wetting and drying; therefore, the results of this test method are not to be used as the sole basis for the determination of rock durability. NOTE 1The quality of the result produced
32、by this standard is dependantdependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetestingandsampling.testing/sampling/inspec
33、tion/etc.UsersofthisstandardarecautionedthatcompliancewithPracticeD3740doesnotinitself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors. 6. Apparatus 6.1 Diameter Circular Diamond Saw, Rock Saw350-mm (14-in.) capabl
34、e of sawing rock, of the type required for PracticeA laboratory diamond saw used to cut geological and concrete specimens, or a diamond saw used for lapidary purposes, shall be acceptable. A minimum blade diameter of 36 cm 14 in. will be needed to obtain the required slab sizes D5121.(a larger one i
35、s preferable). The blade shall be a circular diamond blade. 6.1.1 The rock saw apparatus shall have a xed or removable vise to hold the samples during the cutting process.An automatic feed (either gravity, hydraulic, or screwfeed operated) that controls the cutting action is preferred; however, a ma
36、nual feed is also acceptable. The saw shall have a platform to prevent the cut slab from falling and shattering. D5313/D5313M12 26.2 Containers, ContainersOf sufficient size to hold the specimens fully immersed in potable water. These containers must be non-reactive and unbreakable.It is advised tha
37、t these containers be non-reactive, resistant to breakage, and resistant to deformation and degradation when exposed to temperatures encountered in this test method. 6.3 Oven, Drying OvenThermostatically controlled oven, capable of drying the specimen to a constant mass at a maintaining auniformtemp
38、eratureof11065C(23069F).5C23069Fthroughoutthedryingchamber.Theserequirementstypically require the use of a forced-draft type oven. Preferably the oven should be vented outside the building. 6.4 Drying Apparatus, Apparatussuch as infra-red Infrared heat lamps (150 W) or oven set at 65 6 5C (150 6 9F)
39、.a thermostatically controlled oven capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 656 5 C 1506 9 F throughout the drying chamber. 6.5 Stereomicroscope, StereomicroscopeA microscope or other suitable magnifying device capable of at least 20 magnication will be required for examination of the specim
40、en prior to and after testing. 6.6 Balance, BalanceA balance capable of determining the mass of the specimen to the nearest 0.1% of the total mass in accordance with meeting the requirements of Specication D4753 will be required 6.7 Camera, CameraA digital or lm camera capable of producing good qual
41、ity, color photographs will be required for before and after photographs. 7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units 7.1 A source of rock to be sampled shall be guided by the principles in Practice D4992. 7.2 Rocksourcesmaybefrommine,quarry,outcrop,oreldboulders.Visualobservationofcolor,texture,min
42、eralogy,orsome other feature, will be the key to proper representative sampling. 7.2.1 Arock source that is macroscopically uniform shall be represented by a minimum of ve pieces of the material obtained from separate locations within the source area. This group is considered as a specimen set. 7.2.
43、2 A rock source that is macroscopically non-uniform shall be represented by a minimum of eight pieces of the material obtained from separate locations within the source area. This group is considered as a specimen set. 7.2.3 Sample the rock types in their approximate proportion to the types that occ
44、ur at the source. 7.3 Planesofweaknesswillbeincludedineachsamplesuchthatadeterminationmaybemadeastothedurabilityofthevarious planes of weakness and their effect on the overall durability of a rock mass that would contain these planes of weakness. 7.4 Each rock sample shall be of sufficient size to p
45、rovide the nished size specimens described in Section 8. 7.5 In all cases, the rock pieces selected for the sample shall be chosen to be representative of the majority of the rock at the source.Rockpieces,asdeterminedbytheirmacroscopicproperties,whichcompriselessthan5percentofthesourcematerial,may b
46、e ignored unless their presence in a sample will signicantly affect the test results and subsequent proposed use of the rock. 7.6 The number and variety of samples from a source will be dependent on the geological complexity of that source and will be left to the judgment of the individual doing the
47、 sampling; however, in no case shall the number of samples be less than ve perlithologic(rock)unit.Eachpiecewillbeofasizesuchthattestingmayproceedwithoutfurthermechanicalcrushing;however, the pieces chosen pieces shall be as large as the testing laboratory can handle but in no case shall the specime
48、nsample be less than 125 mm (5 in.)5 in. on a side. In all cases, the sample will be representative of the various rock types found at the source. 8. Preparation of Test Specimens 8.1 Prepare a separate slab for each orientation of the various planes of weakness unless all such planes can be interse
49、cted with one orientation. 8.2 Saw each specimen sample, as obtained per 7.2.1 and 7.2.2, in accordance with Practice D5121. Each specimen will be cut to 656 5 mm (2.52.56 0.25 in.)in. thick and cut normal to bedding or any potential planes of weakness that may be observed in the samples. In no case will the size of the slab be less than 125 mm (5 in.)5 in. on a side, excluding the thickness. Prepare a separate specimen for each orientation of the various planes of weakness unless all such planes
