1、Designation: D5315 04 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forDetermination of N-Methyl-Carbamoyloximes andN-Methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous InjectionHPLC with Post-Column Derivatization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5315; the number immediately following the desi
2、gnation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a high-performance liq
3、uid chromatographic(HPLC) test method applicable to the determination of certainn-methylcarbamoyloximes and n-methylcarbamates in groundwater and finished drinking water (1)2. This test method isapplicable to any carbamate analyte that can be hydrolyzed toa primary amine. The following compounds hav
4、e been vali-dated using this test method:AnalyteChemical Abstract ServicesRegistry NumberAAldicarb 116-06-3Aldicarb sulfone 1646-88-4Aldicarb sulfoxide 1646-87-3Baygon 114-26-1Carbaryl 63-25-2Carbofuran 1563-66-23-Hydroxycarbofuran 16655-82-6Methiocarb 2032-65-7Methomyl 16752-77-5Oxamyl 23135-22-0_A
5、Numbering system of Chemical Abstracts, Inc.1.2 This test method has been validated in a collaborativeround-robin study (2) and estimated detection limits (EDLs)have been determined for the analytes listed in 1.1 (Table 1).Observed detection limits may vary between ground waters,depending on the nat
6、ure of interferences in the sample matrixand the specific instrumentation used.1.3 This test method is restricted to use by, or under thesupervision of, analysts experienced in both the use of liquidchromatography and the interpretation of liquid chromato-grams. Each analyst should demonstrate an ab
7、ility to generateacceptable results with this test method using the proceduredescribed in 12.3.1.4 When this test method is used to analyze unfamiliarsamples for any or all of the analytes listed in 1.1, analyteidentifications should be confirmed by at least one additionalqualitative technique.1.5 T
8、he values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
9、ate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Additional guid-ance on laboratory safety is available and suitable referencesfor the information are provided (3-5).2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
10、1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.06 on Methods forAnalysis forOrganic Substances in Water.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approve
11、d in 2004 as D5315 04. DOI:10.1520/D5315-04R11.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references at the end of thistest method.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
12、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Relative Retention Times for the Primary andConfirmation Columns and EDLs for the 10 CarbamatePesticidesAnalyteRetention Time (minutes)PrimaryAConfirmationBEDLCAldicarb 27.0 21.4 1.0Aldicarb sulfone 15.2 12.2 2.0Ald
13、icarb sulfoxide 15.0 17.5 2.0Baygon (Propoxur) 29.6 23.4 1.0Carbaryl 30.8 25.4 2.0Carbofuran 29.3 24.4 1.53-Hydroxycarbofuran 23.3 19.0 2.0Methiocarb 34.9 28.6 4.0Methomyl 18.4 14.8 0.50Oxamyl 17.4 14.6 2.0APrimary column250 by 4.6 mm inside diameter Altex Ultrasphere ODS, 5m.BConfirmation column250
14、 by 4.6 mm inside diameter Supelco LC-1, 5 m.CEstimated method detection limit in micrograms per litre.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steamin Closed Conduits4D1193 Spe
15、cification for Reagent WaterD2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD3694 Practices for Preparation of Sample Containers andfor Preservation of Organic ConstituentsE682 Practice f
16、or Liquid Chromatography Terms and Rela-tionships2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Standard:EPA Method 531.1, Revision 3.0, USEPA, EMSL-Cincinnati, 19895EPA Method 531.2, Revision 1.0, USEPA, EMSL-Cincinnati, 200163. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of water terms used in thistest me
17、thod, refer to Terminology D1129. For definitions ofother terms used in this test method, refer to Practice E682.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration standard (CAL)a solution preparedfrom the primary dilution standard solution and stock standardsolutions of the intern
18、al standards and surrogate analytes. CALsolutions are used to calibrate the instrument response withrespect to analyte concentration.3.2.2 field duplicates (FD1 and FD2)two separatesamples collected at the same time, placed under identicalcircumstances, and treated exactly the same throughout fielda
19、nd laboratory procedures. Analyses of FD1 and FD2 providea measure of the precision associated with sample collection,preservation, and storage, as well as with laboratory proce-dures.3.2.3 field reagent blank (FRB)reagent water placed in asample container in the laboratory and treated in all respec
20、ts asa sample, including being exposed to sampling site conditions,storage, preservation, and all analytical procedures. The pur-pose of the FRB is to determine whether method analytes orother interferences are present in the field environment.3.2.4 internal standarda pure analyte(s) added to a solu
21、-tion in known amount(s) and used to measure the relativeresponses of other analytes and surrogates that are componentsof the same solution. The internal standard must be an analytethat is not a sample component.3.2.5 laboratory duplicates (LD1 and LD2)two samplealiquots taken in the analytical labo
22、ratory and analyzed sepa-rately with identical procedures. Analyses of LD1 and LD2provide a measure of the precision associated with laboratoryprocedures, but not with sample collection, preservation, orstorage procedures.3.2.6 laboratory-fortified blank (LFB)an aliquot of re-agent water to which kn
23、own quantities of the test methodanalytes are added in the laboratory. The LFB is analyzedexactly as a sample is; its purpose is to determine whether themethodology is in control and whether the laboratory iscapable of making accurate and precise methods at the requiredtest method detection limit.3.
24、2.7 laboratory-fortified sample matrix (LFM)an aliquotof an environmental sample to which known quantities of thetest method analytes are added in the laboratory. The LFM isanalyzed exactly as a sample is; its purpose is to determinewhether the sample matrix contributes bias to the analyticalresults
25、. The background concentrations of the analytes in thesample matrix must be determined in a separate aliquot and themeasured values in the LFM corrected for background concen-trations.3.2.8 laboratory performance check solution (LPC)a so-lution of method analytes, surrogate compounds, and internalst
26、andards used to evaluate the performance of the instrumentsystem with respect to a defined set of method criteria.3.2.9 laboratory reagent blank (LRB)an aliquot of re-agent water treated exactly the same as a sample, includingbeing exposed to all glassware, equipment, solvents, reagents,internal sta
27、ndards, and surrogates that are used with othersamples. The LRB is used to determine whether methodanalytes or other interferences are present in the laboratoryenvironment, the reagents, or the apparatus.3.2.10 primary dilution standard solutiona solution ofseveral analytes prepared in the laborator
28、y from stock standardsolutions and diluted as necessary to prepare calibrationsolutions and other necessary analyte solutions.3.2.11 quality control sample (QCS)a sample matrixcontaining test method analytes or a solution of test methodanalytes in a water miscible solvent that is used to fortify wat
29、eror environmental samples. The QCS is obtained from a sourceexternal to the laboratory and is used to check the laboratoryperformance with externally prepared test materials.3.2.12 stock standard solutiona concentrated solutioncontaining a single certified standard that is a method analyte,or a con
30、centrated solution of a single analyte prepared in thelaboratory with an assayed reference compound. Stock stan-dard solutions are used to prepare primary dilution standards.3.2.13 surrogate analytea pure analyte(s), which is ex-tremely unlikely to be found in any sample, and which is addedto a samp
31、le aliquot in known amount(s) before extraction. It ismeasured with the same procedures used to measure othersample components. The purpose of a surrogate analyte is tomonitor the method performance with each sample.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The water sample is filtered, and a 200 to 400-Laliquot
32、is injected onto a reverse phase HPLC column. Separation ofthe analytes is achieved using gradient elution chromatogra-phy. After elution from the HPLC column, the analytes arehydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide (2.0 g/L NaOH) at 95C.The methylamine formed during hydrolysis is reacted witho-phthalaldeh
33、yde (OPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol to form ahighly fluorescent derivative that is detected by a fluorescencedetector (5).4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EnvironmentalMonitoring and Sup
34、port Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, 1989.6Published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EnvironmentalMonitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH 45268, 2001.D5315 04 (2011)24.2 This method is applicable to any carbamte analyte thatcan be hydrolyzed to a primary amine, not necessari
35、ly meth-ylamine.5. Significance and Use5.1 N-methylcarbamates and n-methylcarbomoyloximes areused in agriculture as insecticides and herbicides. They aresometimes found in both surface and ground waters and can betoxic to animals and plants at moderate to high concentrations.The manufacturing precur
36、sors and degradation products maybe equally as hazardous to the environment.6. Interferences6.1 Test method interferences may be caused by contami-nants in solvents, reagents, glassware, and other sample pro-cessing apparatuses that lead to discrete artifacts or elevatedbaselines in liquid chromatog
37、rams. Specific sources of con-tamination have not been identified.All reagents and apparatusmust be routinely demonstrated to be free of interferencesunder the analysis conditions by running laboratory reagentblanks in accordance with 12.2.6.1.1 Glassware must be cleaned scrupulously. Clean allglass
38、ware as soon as possible after use by rinsing thoroughlywith the last solvent used in it.6.1.2 After drying, store glassware in a clean environmentto prevent any accumulation of dust or other contaminants.Store the glassware inverted or capped with aluminum foil.6.1.3 The use of high-purity reagents
39、 and solvents helps tominimize interference problems.6.2 Interfering contamination may occur when a samplecontaining low concentrations of analytes is analyzed imme-diately after a sample containing relatively high concentrationsof analytes. A preventive technique is between-sample rinsingof the sam
40、ple syringe and filter holder with two portions ofwater. Analyze one or more laboratory method blanks afteranalysis of a sample containing high concentrations of ana-lytes.6.3 Matrix interference may be caused by contaminantspresent in the sample. The extent of matrix interference willvary considera
41、bly from source to source, depending upon thewater sampled. Positive analyte identifications must be con-firmed using the alternative conformational columns, or LC/MS.6.4 The quality of the reagent water used to prepare stan-dards and samples must conform to D1193, especially in TOCcontent. High rea
42、gent water TOC causes a deterioration ofcolumn selectivity, baseline stability, and analyte sensitivity.6.5 Eliminate all sources of airborne primary amines, espe-cially ammonia, which are absorbed into the mobile phases andeffect sensitivity.7. Apparatus7.1 Sampling Equipment:7.1.1 Sample Bottle, 6
43、0-mLscrew cap glass vials7and caps8equipped with a PTFE-faced silicone septa. Prior to use, washthe vials and septa as described in 6.1.1.7.2 Filtration Apparatus:7.2.1 Macrofiltration Device, to filter derivatization solu-tions and mobile phases used in HPLC. It is recommended that47-mm, 0.45-m por
44、e size filters be used.97.2.2 Microfiltration Device, to filter samples prior to HPLCanalysis. Use a 13-mm filter holder10and 13-mm diameter,0.2-m polyester filters.117.3 Syringes and Valves:7.3.1 Hypodermic Syringe, 10 mL, glass, with Luer-Lok12tip.7.3.2 Syringe Valve, three-way.137.3.3 Syringe Nee
45、dle, 7 to 10 cm long, 17-gage, blunt tip.7.3.4 Micro Syringes, various sizes.7.4 Miscellaneous:7.4.1 Solution Storage Bottles, amber glass, 10 to 15-mLcapacity with TFE-fluorocarbon-lined screw cap.7.5 High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC):7.5.1 HPLC System,14capable of injecting 200 to 1000-
46、Laliquots and performing ternary linear gradients at a constantflow rate. A data system is recommended for measuring peakareas. Table 2 lists the retention times observed for test methodanalytes using the columns and analytical conditions describedbelow.7.5.2 Column 1 (Primary Column), 250 mm long b
47、y4.6-mm inside diameter, stainless steel, packed with 5-m C-18material.15Mobile phase is established at 1.0 mL/min as alinear gradient from 15:85 methanol: water to 100 % methanolin 32 min. Data presented in this test method were obtainedusing this column.167.5.3 Column 2 (Alternative Column), 250 m
48、m long by4.6-mm inside diameter, stainless steel, packed with 5-msilica beads coated with trimethylsilyl.17Mobile phase is7Sample bottle vial, Pierce No. 13075, available from Pierce Chemical Co., 3747N. Meridian Rd., Rockford, IL 61101, or equivalent.8Sample bottle cap, Pierce No. 12722, available
49、from Pierce Chemical Co., 3747N. Meridian Rd., Rockford, IL 61101, or equivalent.9Millipore Type HA, 0.45 m for water, and Millipore Type FH, 0.5 m fororganics, available from Millipore Corp., 80 Ashby Rd., Bedford, MA 01730, orequivalent.10Millipore stainless steel XX300/200, available from Millipore Corp., 80AshbyRd., Bedford, MA 01730, or equivalent.11Nucleopore 180406, available from Costar Corp., 1 Alewife Center, Cam-bridge, MA 02140, or equivalent.12Luer-Lok connectors are available from most laboratory suppliers.13Hamilton HV3-3, ava
