1、Designation: D 5331 03 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Mechanical Handling of Unitized LoadsSecured with Stretch Wrap Films1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEParagraphs 3.2.2 and 7.2 were editorially corrected in March 2009.1. Scope1.1 This test
3、method covers evaluation and comparison ofthe ability of unitizing films to survive various methods ofmechanical handling.1.2 The test method described is applicable to commonmeans of material handling, including the following: forklift,push/pull, clamp truck, crane, and spade lift-type handlingsyst
4、ems.1.3 The test levels may be varied to reflect known levels ofintensity accurately for the specific unit load under testing.1.4 The methodology of performing the mechanical han-dling tests is described in detail in Test Methods D 6055 andTest Methods D 6179. This test method will describe onlysamp
5、le preparation and evaluation in the special case ofevaluating the performance of stretch film for load unitizing.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand
6、 are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
7、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of UnitizedLoads and Large Shipping Cases and CratesD 6179 Test
8、 Methods for Rough Handling of UnitizedLoads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 large shipping case or cratefor the pu
9、rposes of thistest method, a shipping container constructed of any material,and of such size and weight, to require mechanical handling. Acase or crate of this type may weigh from 100 lb (45 kg) tomany tons and measure proportionally. The case or crate maybe secured to or carried by a base or pallet
10、. Frame membersmay be provided for rigidity throughout the container.3.2.2 spade lift attachmenta lift truck attachment used fortop handling products packaged in interlocking flange cartons(IFC) or folded cap or folded flap style cartons.3.2.3 unitized loadfor the purposes of this test method,consis
11、ting of a number of packages (two or more) wrapped orbanded together as a shipping unit. When unitized, thesepackages typically weigh more than 100 lb (45 kg). Theunitized method may be shrink wrapping, banding, strapping,taping, or gluing.Abase consisting of a pallet or slip sheet mayor may not be
12、used.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for use primarily as ameans of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It canalso be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrapcycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlationbetween these test results and actu
13、al field performance hasbeen established.4.2 This test method simulates mechanical handling antici-pated during all distribution phases.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of
14、 Loads.Current edition approved March 15, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5331 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStand
15、ards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 This test method leaves open to the discretion of the userthe establishment of test levels a
16、nd numbers of cycles consti-tuting the test, so that the user might tailor the test to simulatea particular distribution environment. The section on mechani-cal handling over 100 pounds (45 kg) in Practice D 4169 mayprovide some guidance in this regard.5. Apparatus5.1 Load Wrapping ApparatusA machin
17、e or apparatus towrap the test load. The wrap application method is preferablyas near as possible to that used in an actual production situation(stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).5.2 Mechanical Handling ApparatusRefer to Section 5 ofTest Methods D 6055 and Test Methods D 6179 for a completede
18、scription.6. Procedure6.1 Prepare the test loads. Arrange the units comprising thetest load in layers and stack them on the pallet or slip sheet inthe normal manner.6.2 Wrap the test load with the unitizing film at a predeter-mined percent stretch and wrap cycle.6.3 Allow the wrapped load to stand u
19、ndisturbed for aminimum of 16 h before testing. This provides the stressretention forces in the stretched wrapping material with time toequilibrate.7. Procedure7.1 Palletized Load Test ProcedureFollow the proceduresdetailed in MethodAof Test Methods D 6055 and Method C ofTest Methods D 6179.7.2 Spad
20、e Lift Test ProcedureFollow the procedures de-tailed in Method B of Test Methods D 6055.7.3 Clamp Handling Test ProceduresFollow the proce-dures detailed in Method C of Test Methods D 6055.7.4 Push/Pull Handling Test ProcedureFollow the proce-dures detailed in Method D of Test Methods D 6055.8. Repo
21、rt8.1 Include the following information in the test report:8.2 Test UnitComplete description of the test load evalu-ated:8.2.1 Dimensions of each unit (outside diameter),8.2.2 Dimensions of unitized test load (circumference andheight),8.2.3 Number of individual units per test load, and8.2.4 Weight o
22、f each unit and total test load.8.3 Wrap Materials:8.3.1 Supplier,8.3.2 Film thickness, and8.3.3 Roll width.8.4 Wrap CycleComplete description of the wrap cycleused in the wrapping test load. Examples of wrap cycledescriptions in stretch film, spiral wrap are as follows:8.4.1 Set dial for gear ratio
23、 for desired percent strength;8.4.2 Actual measured percent stretch;8.4.3 Overlap up;8.4.4 Top dwell, revolutions;8.4.5 Overlap down;8.4.6 Bottom dwell, revolutions;8.4.7 Total table rotation;8.4.8 Film used (weight or unstretched footage, or both);and8.4.9 Date and time wrapped and date and time te
24、stingbegan.8.5 Test Parameters:8.5.1 Complete description of the equipment used, includ-ing load handling attachment, any forces measured, andoperator of the equipment;8.5.2 Detailed record of the tests, including proceduresused, height of rotational drop test, if used, covering bothcontainer and co
25、ntents, together with any observation that mayassist in interpreting the results correctly or aid in improvingthe design of the container or the method of packing andunitizing; also a record of the orientation of clamps or spade, ifused, and the number of handlings for spade, clamp, orpush-pull test
26、s, if used.8.6 Unitizing Material EvaluationDescription of the testspecimen(s) after the test, a detailed description of any damage,and a summary of the criteria used to define damage. Someexamples of damage modes are as follows:8.6.1 Loss of adequate cling;8.6.2 Tearing of material on corners;8.6.3
27、 Splitting of film on the sides of the test load, eitherhorizontally or vertically;8.6.4 Permanent load shifting, that is, a permanent shift ofthe layers of the unit load with respect to one another, resultingin a leaning or skewed load; and8.6.5 Loss of test load integrity, that is, a shifting of l
28、ayersto the point of toppling over or losing individual units out ofthe test load.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Attribute TestsNo statement is made about either theprecision or bias of this test method since the results statemerely whether this is in conformance with the criteria forsuccess specified by
29、the user of the test method.10. Keywords10.1 mechanical handling; stretch wrap materials; thinfilms; unitized loadsD 5331 03 (2009)12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standar
30、d are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
31、not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whic
32、h you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5331 03 (2009)13
