1、Designation: D5331 03 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Mechanical Handling of Unitized LoadsSecured with Stretch Wrap Films1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5331; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers evaluation and comparison ofthe ability of unitizing films t
3、o survive various methods ofmechanical handling.1.2 The test method described is applicable to commonmeans of material handling, including the following: forklift,push/pull, clamp truck, crane, and spade lift-type handlingsystems.1.3 The test levels may be varied to reflect known levels ofintensity
4、accurately for the specific unit load under testing.1.4 The methodology of performing the mechanical han-dling tests is described in detail in Test Methods D6055 andTest Methods D6179. This test method will describe onlysample preparation and evaluation in the special case ofevaluating the performan
5、ce of stretch film for load unitizing.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address a
6、ll of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of
7、 Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of UnitizedLoads and Large Shipping Cases and CratesD6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loadsand Large Shipping Cases and Crates
8、3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for packaging and dis-tribution environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 large shipping case or cratefor the purposes of thistest method, a shipping container constructed of any material,and o
9、f such size and weight, to require mechanical handling. Acase or crate of this type may weigh from 100 lb (45 kg) tomany tons and measure proportionally. The case or crate maybe secured to or carried by a base or pallet. Frame membersmay be provided for rigidity throughout the container.3.2.2 spade
10、lift attachmenta lift truck attachment used fortop handling products packaged in interlocking flange cartons(IFC) or folded cap or folded flap style cartons.3.2.3 unitized loadfor the purposes of this test method,consisting of a number of packages (two or more) wrapped orbanded together as a shippin
11、g unit. When unitized, thesepackages typically weigh more than 100 lb (45 kg). Theunitized method may be shrink wrapping, banding, strapping,taping, or gluing.Abase consisting of a pallet or slip sheet mayor may not be used.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for use primarily as
12、 ameans of comparing the performance of unitizing films. It canalso be used to compare the effectiveness of different wrapcycles with the same wrapping materials. No direct correlationbetween these test results and actual field performance hasbeen established.4.2 This test method simulates mechanica
13、l handling antici-pated during all distribution phases.4.3 This test method leaves open to the discretion of the userthe establishment of test levels and numbers of cycles consti-tuting the test, so that the user might tailor the test to simulatea particular distribution environment. The section on
14、mechani-cal handling over 100 pounds (45 kg) in Practice D4169 mayprovide some guidance in this regard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved D
15、ec. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5331 03 (2009)1.DOI: 10.1520/D5331-03R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStand
16、ards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
17、 on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15. Apparatus5.1 Load Wrapping ApparatusA machine or apparatus towrap the test lo
18、ad. The wrap application method is preferablyas near as possible to that used in an actual production situation(stretch wrapper or manual wrapping unit).5.2 Mechanical Handling Apparatus Refer to Section 5 ofTest Methods D6055 and Test Methods D6179 for a completedescription.6. Procedure6.1 Prepare
19、the test loads. Arrange the units comprising thetest load in layers and stack them on the pallet or slip sheet inthe normal manner.6.2 Wrap the test load with the unitizing film at a predeter-mined percent stretch and wrap cycle.6.3 Allow the wrapped load to stand undisturbed for aminimum of 16 h be
20、fore testing. This provides the stressretention forces in the stretched wrapping material with time toequilibrate.7. Procedure7.1 Palletized Load Test Procedure Follow the proceduresdetailed in Method A of Test Methods D6055 and Method C ofTest Methods D6179.7.2 Spade Lift Test ProcedureFollow the p
21、rocedures de-tailed in Method B of Test Methods D6055.7.3 Clamp Handling Test Procedures Follow the proce-dures detailed in Method C of Test Methods D6055.7.4 Push/Pull Handling Test Procedure Follow the pro-cedures detailed in Method D of Test Methods D6055.8. Report8.1 Include the following inform
22、ation in the test report:8.2 Test UnitComplete description of the test load evalu-ated:8.2.1 Dimensions of each unit (outside diameter),8.2.2 Dimensions of unitized test load (circumference andheight),8.2.3 Number of individual units per test load, and8.2.4 Weight of each unit and total test load.8.
23、3 Wrap Materials:8.3.1 Supplier,8.3.2 Film thickness, and8.3.3 Roll width.8.4 Wrap CycleComplete description of the wrap cycleused in the wrapping test load. Examples of wrap cycledescriptions in stretch film, spiral wrap are as follows:8.4.1 Set dial for gear ratio for desired percent strength;8.4.
24、2 Actual measured percent stretch;8.4.3 Overlap up;8.4.4 Top dwell, revolutions;8.4.5 Overlap down;8.4.6 Bottom dwell, revolutions;8.4.7 Total table rotation;8.4.8 Film used (weight or unstretched footage, or both);and8.4.9 Date and time wrapped and date and time testingbegan.8.5 Test Parameters:8.5
25、.1 Complete description of the equipment used, includ-ing load handling attachment, any forces measured, andoperator of the equipment;8.5.2 Detailed record of the tests, including proceduresused, height of rotational drop test, if used, covering bothcontainer and contents, together with any observat
26、ion that mayassist in interpreting the results correctly or aid in improvingthe design of the container or the method of packing andunitizing; also a record of the orientation of clamps or spade, ifused, and the number of handlings for spade, clamp, orpush-pull tests, if used.8.6 Unitizing Material
27、Evaluation Description of the testspecimen(s) after the test, a detailed description of any damage,and a summary of the criteria used to define damage. Someexamples of damage modes are as follows:8.6.1 Loss of adequate cling;8.6.2 Tearing of material on corners;8.6.3 Splitting of film on the sides o
28、f the test load, eitherhorizontally or vertically;8.6.4 Permanent load shifting, that is, a permanent shift ofthe layers of the unit load with respect to one another, resultingin a leaning or skewed load; and8.6.5 Loss of test load integrity, that is, a shifting of layersto the point of toppling ove
29、r or losing individual units out ofthe test load.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Attribute Tests No statement is made about either theprecision or bias of this test method since the results statemerely whether this is in conformance with the criteria forsuccess specified by the user of the test method.10.
30、Keywords10.1 mechanical handling; stretch wrap materials; thinfilms; unitized loadsD5331 03 (2016)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that deter
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