1、Designation: D5361/D5361M 11aStandard Practice forSampling Compacted Bituminous Mixtures for LaboratoryTesting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5361/D5361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a procedure for removal of asample of compacted bituminous mixture from a pavement forla
3、boratory testing.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
4、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-terials3. Significance and Use3.1 Samples obtained in accordance with the pr
5、oceduregiven in this practice may be used to measure pavementthickness, density, resilient or dynamic modulus, tensilestrength, Marshall or Hveem stability, or for extraction testing,to determine asphalt content, asphalt properties and mixgradation.4. Apparatus4.1 To minimize distortion of the compa
6、cted bituminouscourse(s), power equipment shall be used to secure the sample.The equipment may be either a core drill or power saw.4.2 The cutting edge of the core drill bit shall be of hardenedsteel or other suitable material with diamond chips embeddedin the metal cutting edge.4.3 Saw blades used
7、in a power saw shall be either ahardened metal blade with diamond chips embedded or anabrasive blade such as carborundum or similar material.4.4 A source of cooling water, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, orother cooling material is normally required but in some casesmay be omitted when only a single sampl
8、e is to be secured. Atany time there is evidence of damage to the edge of the sampledue to the generation of heat caused by friction, a coolingmaterial shall be applied to the cutting tool or to the pavementsurface to minimize sample distortion or other damage.4.5 A device (core debonder) for separa
9、ting core samplesfrom underlying layers is not required to be used. If suchdevice is employed, it shall be a metal semicircle with an insideradius equal to the outside radius of the core and shall have arigidly attached handle. A split core barrel of the requiredradius cut in half vertically and wel
10、ded to a strap iron handleis suitable for this purpose. (See Fig. 1.)NOTE 1Differences in manufacturers tolerances of core barrelsdiameters and thicknesses may result in a particular barrel not fitting intothe kerf. In such cases, other means may have to be used for debonding.4.6 A lifting device (c
11、ore lifter) for removing core samplesfrom holes will preserve the integrity of the core. The deviceshall be a steel rod of suitable length and with a diameter thatwill fit into the space between the core and the pavementmaterial. There shall be a 90 bend at the top to form a handleand a 90 bend at t
12、he bottom, approximately 50 mm (2 in.)long, to form the lifter.5. Sampling5.1 Select the locations to be sampled by a random methodfrom the material in place. Random sampling procedures asoutlined in Practice D3665 shall be followed when samplesobtained will be used in conducting quality control/qua
13、lityassurance tests. Obtain at least three samples (cores) selected atrandom from the lot being sampled. Test each sample andaverage the test results to determine the acceptability. Take allsamples from the roadway for the full depth of the material,taking care to exclude any underlying material. Ea
14、ch sampleshall be obtained in such a manner as to ensure a minimumdisturbance of the material. Samples obtained using non-random procedures must be used for informational purposesonly and not included in statistically based quality control/quality assurance programs1This practice is under the jurisd
15、iction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Sampling.Current edition approved June 15, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5361 06. DOI:10.1520/D5361-11A.
16、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
17、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The sampling plan must include a clear definition as towhether samples shall be taken adjacent to the pavement edgeor construction joints where density may be slightly lower thanin the main portion of the paving lane.NOTE 2Variations in the p
18、avement condition that can be detected byvisual inspection may dictate that samples be taken from areas soidentified, apart from the random sampling plan. However, non-randomsamples violate the principles behind statistically based quality control/quality assurance testing programs.5.3 The number of
19、 samples to be secured will be inaccordance with governing specifications or sampling plan forthe lot size involved. When no specific guidelines are available,take a sufficient number of samples to achieve the desiredstatistical confidence level, but no less than three.6. Sampling Compacted Bitumino
20、us Pavement6.1 Samples taken from the compacted pavement by coredrill shall have a minimum nominal diameter of 100 mm (4-in.)and extend the full depth of the lift(s) being sampled. If testresults appear to be erratic or biased in a way attributable tosample size, take larger samples. In order to min
21、imize damage,use a lifting device as described in 4.5 and 4.6 to remove thecore from the hole.6.1.1 When cored samples are to be used for resilient ordynamic modulus tests, the sample must form a right cylinderwith the top and bottom perpendicular to the axis. The sampleshall comply with the require
22、ments of the particular testmethod involved.6.1.2 To separate the sample from the underlying layer,insert the device described in 4.5 into the kerf and exert agentle pressure toward the sample. Do not attempt to pryupward on the sample. If the bond is not broken between thepavement courses, it will
23、be necessary to secure a sample forthe entire pavement depth.6.1.3 To remove the sample from the hole, insert the devicedescribed in 4.6 into the kerf, turn the device approximately90, and lift gently until the sample can be grasped by hand.6.2 Samples taken from the compacted pavement by sawingshal
24、l have a minimum surface area of 10 000 mm2(16 in.2) andbe cut in such a manner as not to disturb the sample density.Cutting and removing a 50 mm (2-in.) wide section surround-ing the sample will aid in removal of the portion(s) to be tested.Screwdrivers, chisels, and other sharpened tools used to b
25、reakthe bond between a compacted course and the underlyingpavement may cause distortion that will result in an erroneousdensity determination. If test results appear to be erratic orbiased in a way attributable to sample size, take larger samples.6.3 Transport samples obtained using procedures descr
26、ibedin 6.1 or 6.2 on a smooth board, top side down, to retain theshape of the original surface. Careless handling may nullifyany test results obtained.NOTE 3When the weather is very hot, an ice chest or similar devicemay be considered for use while transporting the sample to the laboratory.6.4 When
27、the only purpose of sampling is to measurepavement thickness, samples of smaller dimensions than pre-scribed in 6.1 and 6.2 are not prohibited from being used.7. Separation of Pavement Courses7.1 Separation of two pavement courses may sometimes beachieved by striking a swift heavy blow on a chisel a
28、t the pointof bonding between the two courses. Separation by thisprocedure is more effectively achieved if the sample is cooledbelow 0C (32F).7.2 As an alternative, the two pavement courses shall beseparated by freezing the sample and then cutting apart with asaw blade.As an alternative to freezing,
29、 spray cooling water onthe saw blade to minimize the generation of excessive heat.8. Report8.1 The test report(s) shall include a statement as to themethod employed for removal of the sample from the com-pacted pavement.9. Keywords9.1 bituminous; compacted; coring bituminous pavement;equipment for s
30、ampling bituminous pavement; pavement sam-pling; sawing bituminous pavementFIG. 1 Core DebonderD5361/D5361M 11a2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advis
31、ed that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either r
32、eapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If
33、you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individu
34、al reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5361/D5361M 11a3
