1、Designation: D5361/D5361M 14Standard Practice forSampling Compacted Bituminous Mixtures for LaboratoryTesting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5361/D5361M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.NoteStandard Practice was corrected editorially and the year date was changed on March 7, 2014.1. Scope1.1 This practice desc
3、ribes a procedure for removal of asample of compacted bituminous mixture from a pavement forlaboratory testing.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each sys
4、tem shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall no
5、t be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regu
6、latory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-terialsD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials3. Significance and Use3.1 Samples obtained in accordance
7、 with the proceduregiven in this practice may be used to measure pavementthickness, density, resilient or dynamic modulus, tensilestrength, Marshall or Hveem stability, or for extraction testing,to determine asphalt content, asphalt properties and mixgradation.NOTE 1The quality of the results produc
8、ed by this standard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspec
9、tion/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance withSpecification D3666 alone does not completely assure reliable results.Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions ofSpecification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides ameans of evaluating and con
10、trolling some of those factors.4. Apparatus4.1 To minimize distortion of the compacted bituminouscourse(s), power equipment shall be used to secure the sample.The equipment may be either a core drill or power saw.4.2 The cutting edge of the core drill bit shall be of hardenedsteel or other suitable
11、material with diamond chips embeddedin the metal cutting edge.4.3 Saw blades used in a power saw shall be either ahardened metal blade with diamond chips embedded or anabrasive blade such as carborundum or similar material.4.4 A source of cooling water, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, orother cooling mate
12、rial is normally required but in some casesmay be omitted when only a single sample is to be secured. Atany time there is evidence of damage to the edge of the sampledue to the generation of heat caused by friction, a coolingmaterial shall be applied to the cutting tool or to the pavementsurface to
13、minimize sample distortion or other damage.4.5 A device (core debonder) for separating core samplesfrom underlying layers is not required to be used. If suchdevice is employed, it shall be a metal semicircle with an insideradius equal to the outside radius of the core and shall have arigidly attache
14、d handle. A split core barrel of the requiredradius cut in half vertically and welded to a strap iron handleis suitable for this purpose. (See Fig. 1.)NOTE 2Differences in manufacturers tolerances of core barrelsdiameters and thicknesses may result in a particular barrel not fitting into1This practi
15、ce is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Sampling.Current edition approved March 7, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5361/D5361
16、M 11a.DOI: 10.1520/D5361_D5361M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Internation
17、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the kerf. In such cases, other means may have to be used for debonding.4.6 A lifting device (core lifter) for removing core samplesfrom holes will preserve the integrity of the core. The deviceshall be a steel ro
18、d of suitable length and with a diameter thatwill fit into the space between the core and the pavementmaterial. There shall be a 90 1.57 rad bend at the top to forma handle and a 90 1.57 rad bend at the bottom, approxi-mately 50 mm 2 in. long, to form the lifter.5. Sampling5.1 Select the locations t
19、o be sampled by a random methodfrom the material in place. Random sampling procedures asoutlined in Practice D3665 shall be followed when samplesobtained will be used in conducting quality control/qualityassurance tests. Obtain at least three samples (cores) selected atrandom from the lot being samp
20、led. Test each sample andaverage the test results to determine the acceptability. Take allsamples from the roadway for the full depth of the material,taking care to exclude any underlying material. Each sampleshall be obtained in such a manner as to ensure a minimumdisturbance of the material. Sampl
21、es obtained using non-random procedures must be used for informational purposesonly and not included in statistically based quality control/quality assurance programs5.2 The sampling plan must include a clear definition as towhether samples shall be taken adjacent to the pavement edgeor construction
22、 joints where density may be slightly lower thanin the main portion of the paving lane.NOTE 3Variations in the pavement condition that can be detected byvisual inspection may dictate that samples be taken from areas soidentified, apart from the random sampling plan. However, non-randomsamples violat
23、e the principles behind statistically based quality control/quality assurance testing programs.5.3 The number of samples to be secured will be inaccordance with governing specifications or sampling plan forthe lot size involved. When no specific guidelines are available,take a sufficient number of s
24、amples to achieve the desiredstatistical confidence level, but no less than three.6. Sampling Compacted Bituminous Pavement6.1 Samples taken from the compacted pavement by coredrill shall have a minimum nominal diameter of 100 mm 4 in.and extend the full depth of the lift(s) being sampled. If testre
25、sults appear to be erratic or biased in a way attributable tosample size, take larger samples. In order to minimize damage,use a lifting device as described in 4.5 and 4.6 to remove thecore from the hole.6.1.1 When cored samples are to be used for resilient ordynamic modulus tests, the sample must f
26、orm a right cylinderwith the top and bottom perpendicular to the axis. The sampleshall comply with the requirements of the particular testmethod involved.6.1.2 To separate the sample from the underlying layer,insert the device described in 4.5 into the kerf and exert agentle pressure toward the samp
27、le. Do not attempt to pryupward on the sample. If the bond is not broken between thepavement courses, it will be necessary to secure a sample forthe entire pavement depth.6.1.3 To remove the sample from the hole, insert the devicedescribed in 4.6 into the kerf, turn the device approximately90, and l
28、ift gently until the sample can be grasped by hand.6.2 Samples taken from the compacted pavement by sawingshall have a minimum surface area of 10 000 mm216 in.2 andbe cut in such a manner as not to disturb the sample density.Cutting and removing a 50 mm 2 in. wide section surround-ing the sample wil
29、l aid in removal of the portion(s) to be tested.Screwdrivers, chisels, and other sharpened tools used to breakthe bond between a compacted course and the underlyingpavement may cause distortion that will result in an erroneousdensity determination. If test results appear to be erratic orbiased in a
30、way attributable to sample size, take larger samples.6.3 Transport samples obtained using procedures describedin 6.1 or 6.2 on a smooth board, top side down, to retain theshape of the original surface. Careless handling may nullifyany test results obtained.NOTE 4When the weather is very hot, an ice
31、chest or similar devicemay be considered for use while transporting the sample to the laboratory.6.4 When the only purpose of sampling is to measurepavement thickness, samples of smaller dimensions than pre-scribed in 6.1 and 6.2 are not prohibited from being used.FIG. 1 Core DebonderD5361/D5361M 14
32、27. Separation of Pavement Courses7.1 If more than one pavement course exists, separationshall be by one of the methods listed:7.1.1 Separate the pavement courses by cutting apart with asaw blade while spraying cooling water on the saw blade tominimize the generation of excessive heat. As an alterna
33、tive,freeze the core and separate the courses with the saw bladewhile frozen. When using this method, it is recommended thatthe saw operator wear all necessary safety equipment (that is,safety glasses, gloves, etc.).7.1.2 As an alternative, separation of two pavement coursesshall be achieved by stri
34、king a swift heavy blow on a chisel atthe point of bonding between the two courses. Separation bythis procedure is more effectively achieved if the sample iscooled below freezing.8. Report8.1 The test report(s) shall include a statement as to themethod employed for removal of the sample from the com
35、-pacted pavement.9. Keywords9.1 bituminous; compacted; coring bituminous pavement;equipment for sampling bituminous pavement; pavement sam-pling; sawing bituminous pavementASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
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38、heresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
39、00, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5361/D5361M 143
