1、Designation: D5485 16Standard Test Method forDetermining the Corrosive Effect of Combustion ProductsUsing the Cone Corrosimeter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5485; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard measures the corrosiveeffect by loss of metal from the combustion pr
3、oducts ofmaterials, components, or products.1.2 This test method provides corrosion results of productand material specimens limited to a maximum size of 100 by100 mm in area and 50 mm thick.1.3 Additional information regarding the targets, the testconditions, and test limitations is provided in the
4、 annex.1.4 The results of this test method have not been investi-gated with respect to correlation to actual fires.1.5 An ISO standard exists, as developed by ISO TC 61(Plastics), subcommittee 4 (on burning behavior), which istechnically very similar to this test method and is designatedISO 11907-4.
5、1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard. (See SI10)1.7 This standard measures and describes the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incor
6、porate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.9 This standard does not pur
7、port to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7
8、.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD6113 Test Method for Using a Cone Calorimeter to Deter-mine Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Insulating Ma-terials Contained in Electrical or Optica
9、l Fiber CablesE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards3ISO 11907-
10、4 PlasticsSmoke GenerationDeterminationof the Corrosivity of Fire EffluentsPart 4: DynamicDecomposition Method Using a Conical Radiant Heater2.3 Other Document:OSHA 191.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazard Chemi-cals in Laboratories43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used i
11、n this test method, referto Terminologies E176 and D1711.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cone corrosimeter, nequipment used to determinecorrosion in this test method.3.2.2 corrosion-by-metal-loss, nloss of metal of a targetexpressed as reduction of thickness of the target me
12、tal.3.2.3 exposure chamber, nenclosure in which a target isexposed to combustion products.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.17 on Fire and Thermal Properties.Current e
13、dition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5485 11. DOI:10.1520/D5485-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST
14、MStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.4Available from Occupational Safety and Hea
15、lth Administration (OSHA)/U.S.Departmnet of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.
16、2.4 heating flux, nincident power per unit area that isimposed externally from the heater on the specimen.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe specimen, once ignited, is alsoheated by its own flame.3.2.5 sustained flaming, nexistence of flame on or overthe surface of the test specimen for periods of4sormore.3.2.5.
17、1 DiscussionFlaming ignition of less than4sisidentified as transitory flaming or flashing.3.2.6 target, ndetector of known electrical resistancewhich can lose metal through a process of corrosion when it isexposed to combustion products.3.3 Symbols Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 A0initial corrosion
18、 instrument reading.3.3.2 A1corrosion instrument reading at the end of 1-hexposure to combustion products.3.3.3 A24corrosion instrument reading at the end of 24 hin the environmental chamber.3.3.4 Ccorrosion of a target, nm.3.3.5 C1corrosion at the end of 1-h exposure to combus-tion products, nm.3.3
19、.6 C24corrosion at the end of 24 h in the environmentalchamber, nm.3.3.7 mspecimen mass, g.3.3.8 mffinal specimen mass, g.3.3.9 miinitial specimen mass, g.3.3.10 m70average 70 % of the total mass loss, g.3.3.11 tdsampling time, s.3.3.12 Tetemperature of the gas in the exposure chamber,C.3.3.13 Vvolu
20、metric sampling rate of combustionproducts, m3/s.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 In this test method, a specimen is subjected to radiantheat. A spark igniter is used to ignite the combustible vapors.The products of decomposition or combustion are channeledthrough a funnel. A portion of the products con
21、tinuously flowsthrough an exposure chamber which holds the corrosion targetsuntil the specimen has lost an average 70 % of the totalcombustible mass or for a period of 60 min, whichever is less.The corrosion of the target is determined by exposure of thetarget to combustion products for 1 h, followe
22、d by 24-hexposure of the target to a controlled humidity and temperatureenvironment in a separate chamber. The increase in electricalresistance of each target is monitored, and the reduction inthickness of the metal on the target is calculated from theincrease in electrical resistance. This reductio
23、n in thickness isreferred to as corrosion-by-metal-loss.4.2 This test method involves the use of a cone corrosimeteras described in Section 7 and shown in Fig. 1.4.3 Alternate equipment found suitable for this test methodis the cone calorimeter (see Test Method E1354), with theaddition of the gas sa
24、mpling system described in this testmethod.5. Significance and Use5.1 The metal loss from corrosion is directly related to theincrease in electrical resistance of the target due to the decreasein conductive cross-sectional area.FIG. 1 Cone CorrosimeterD5485 1625.2 The relationship between resistance
25、 increase of metallictargets used in this test method and the amount of metal loss asreported by a uniform loss in thickness has not been deter-mined.5.3 This test method is used to determine the corrosiveeffect of combustion products from burning electrical insula-tions or coverings or their consti
26、tuent materials or components.Corrosion is determined by the reduction of thickness of themetal on standardized targets, as measured by electrical resis-tance. These targets are not necessarily representative of theintended end use.5.4 This test method is intended for use in electricalinsulations or
27、 coverings material and product evaluations, foradditional data to assist in design of electrical insulations orcoverings products, or for development and research of elec-trical insulations or coverings products.5.5 A value of the heating flux is selected to be relevant tothe fire scenario being in
28、vestigated (up to 100 kW/m2).Additional information for testing is given in A1.2.3.6. Interferences6.1 Discard the test data if any of the following occur:6.1.1 Leakage occurs between the sampling point and theexit of the exposure chamber which could cause a dilution ofgases.6.1.2 The specimen swell
29、s sufficiently prior to ignition totouch the spark plug or swells into the plane of the heater baseplate during combustion.6.1.3 The specimen drips off the specimen holder or fallsout of the specimen holder such that the specimen is notsubjected to the test exposure conditions.6.1.4 There is highly
30、localized corrosion of the target,indicating a defective target.6.1.5 There is visual degradation of the reference circuit bythe attack of combustion products on or under the protectivecoating.7. Apparatus7.1 General:7.1.1 This test method uses the cone corrosimeter describedin 7.1.3. Alternatively,
31、 the cone calorimeter test equipment isacceptable provided that it is equipped with a gas samplingsystem as described in 7.8. If the cone calorimeter is used toassess the fire properties of insulating materials contained inelectrical or optical fiber cables, the test shall be conducted inaccordance
32、with Test Method D6113, which was developedspecifically for that purpose.7.1.2 The dimensions of the cone corrosimeter specimenholder and additional equipment used in collection of gassamples are given in Figs. 1-11 and also stated in the followingdescription.7.1.3 The cone corrosimeter consists of
33、the following maincomponents: conical-shaped radiant electric heater; tempera-ture controller; load cell; electric ignition spark plug; heat-fluxgage; exhaust system; specimen holder; and the gas samplingsystem. Other essential elements needed to measure corrosionare a corrosion target and a device
34、to measure corrosion (see7.9). A general view of the cone corrosimeter is shown in Fig.1.7.2 Conical Heater:7.2.1 The active element of the heater consists of anelectrical heater rod, rated at 5000 W at 240 V, tightly woundinto the shape of a truncated cone (Fig. 2). The heater isencased on the outs
35、ide with a double-wall stainless steel cone,and packed with a refractory fiber material of approximately100-kg/m3density.7.2.2 The heater is capable of producing heating flux on thesurface of the specimen of up to 100 kW/m2with a uniformityof 62 % within the central 50 by 50-mm area of the specimen.
36、7.2.3 The heating flux from the heater is held at a presetlevel by means of a temperature controller and three Type Kstainless-steel-sheathed thermocouples having an outside di-ameter of 1.5 to 1.6 mm with an unexposed hot junction.FIG. 2 Cross-Section View Through the HeaterD5485 163Alternatively,
37、either 3-mm outside diameter sheathed thermo-couples with an exposed hot junction, or 1-mm outsidediameter sheathed thermocouples with an unexposed hot junc-tion are suitable. They are symmetrically disposed and incontact with, but not welded to, the heater element (see Fig. 2).The thermocouples are
38、 of equal length and wired in parallel tothe temperature controller.7.3 Temperature Controller:7.3.1 The temperature controller for the heater is to hold theelement temperature steady to within 62C. A suitable tem-perature controller system is a “3-term” controller(proportional, integral, and deriva
39、tive) with a thyristor unitcapable of switching currents up to 25 A at 240 V.7.3.2 The controller has a temperature input range from 0 to1000C; a set scale with a resolution of 2C; and automaticcold junction compensation. The controller is equipped with asafety feature such that in the event of an o
40、pen circuit in thethermocouple line, it will cause the temperature to fall to nearthe bottom of its range.7.3.3 The temperature controller uses a zero-crossing-typethyristor unit.7.3.4 The heater temperature is monitored by a meter with aresolution of 2C.7.4 Exhaust System:7.4.1 The exhaust-gas syst
41、em consists of a high-temperaturecentrifugal exhaust blower, a hood, intake and exhaust ductsfor the fan, and an orifice plate flowmeter (Fig. 3).7.4.2 The flow rate is determined by measuring the differ-ential pressure across a sharp-edged orifice (57-mm insidediameter) in the exhaust stack, at lea
42、st 350 mm downstreamfrom the fan.7.4.3 In other details, the geometry of the exhaust system isnot critical. Where necessary, small deviations from the rec-ommended dimensions given in Fig. 3 are allowed. Forexample, it is permissible for the inner diameter of the duct andthe orifice plate to be slig
43、htly different (tolerance: 62 mm).The location of the fan in Fig. 3 shall be between 900 and 1200mm downstream of the hood. Flow through the fan ensuresadequate mixing, which is essential to the test.7.5 Load CellThe general arrangement of the load cellwith the conical heater is shown in Fig. 4. Use
44、 a load cell withan accuracy of 0.1 g, a measuring range of at least 500 g, anda mechanical tare adjustment range of 3.5 kg.7.6 Specimen Holder and Mounting:FIG. 3 Exhaust SystemFIG. 4 Exploded View of Load Cell and Cone Radiant HeaterD5485 1647.6.1 Two specimen holders are described, one in 7.6.2 7
45、.6.4 and one in 7.6.5.7.6.2 The first specimen holder is shown in Fig. 5. Thebottom is constructed from 2.4-mm nominal stainless steel andhas outside dimensions of 106 by 106 by 25-mm height (62mm).7.6.2.1 An open stainless steel square, 59 mm in insidedimensions, shall be spot welded to the undersi
46、de of thehorizontal specimen holder to facilitate the centering of thespecimen under the cone heater. The leading edge of the opensquare underneath the specimen holder, which is the oneopposite the handle, is optional. The open square on the bottomof the specimen holder shall be designed to seat wit
47、h thesample mount assembly located at the top of the load cell,ensuring that the specimen holder is centered with respect tothe cone heater.7.6.2.2 Optionally, use an edge frame and a grid. Theoptional edge frame (Fig. 6) is constructed from 1.9-mmnominal stainless steel with outside dimensions of 1
48、11 by 111by 54-mm height (62 mm). The optional grid (Fig. 7)isconstructed from 1-mm nominal stainless steel and has dimen-sions of 109 by 109 mm (62 mm). The optional grid has 2-mmribs and the openings in the center are 20 by 20 mm (61 mm).7.6.3 The distance between the bottom surface of the conehea
49、ter and the top of the specimen shall be adjusted to be 25 61mm(Fig. 2), except as indicated in 7.6.3.1.7.6.3.1 The distance between the bottom surface of the coneheater and the top of the specimen shall be adjusted to 60 mmin the case of those dimensionally unstable materials that havethe potential to intumesce or deform to such an extent that theyare likely to make physical contact with either (a) the sparkplug before ignition or (b) the underside of the cone heater afterignition.7.6.3.2 If a test is conducted in accordance with the speci-men m
