1、Designation: D5499 94 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Methods forHeat Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue GasDesulfurization Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5499; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the resistance ofpolymer linings applied to carbon ste
3、el substrates to elevatedtemperatures. Two separate methods are included as follows:1.1.1 Test Method A Continuous elevated temperatureexposure, and1.1.2 Test Method B Cycling elevated temperature expo-sure.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in
4、parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelD660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD661 Test Method for Evaluating
6、Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoatingsD4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of SurfaceProfile of
7、Blast Cleaned SteelD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings UsingPortable Adhesion Testers2.2 Steel Structures Painting Council Standards (SSPC):3SSPC VIS 189 Visual StandardSSPC No. SP5 Blast Cleaning to White MetalSSPC PA-2 Measurement of Dry Paint Thickness withMagnetic Gauges3. Signif
8、icance and Use3.1 The results obtained by these test methods can be usedin combination with other test methods for the selection of alining in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems.3.2 These methods are intended to evaluate effects of heatalone upon a lining system as applied to a carbon steelsubst
9、rate. These methods do not produce the thermal gradientthat may exist in actual applications.Actual lining performancemay also be effected by concurrent physical mechanical orchemical effects.3.3 These methods evaluate major failure modes of liningsapplied to square test panels.3.4 The recommended t
10、est temperatures of 200F (93C)and 350F (177C) are based on typical maximum operatingzone temperatures in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Othertemperatures may be evaluated as desired.4. Apparatus4.1 Forced-air Circulation Oven, capable of maintaining theselected test temperature within 4F (2C).4.
11、2 A Rack or Stand to support the test panels vertically inthe oven while maintaining a distance of at least 1 in. (25 mm)between the panels and between the panels and oven walls.5. Test Specimens5.1 Substrate:5.1.1 Test panels shall be new commercial quality carbonsteel conforming to Specification A
12、36/A36M. Panels shall be aminimum of14 in. (6 mm) thick, and 8 in. (200 mm) square.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 onProtective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D33.09 on Protective Lining for FG
13、D Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5499 94 (2007). DOI:10.1520/D5499-94R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
14、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656, http:/www.sspc.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
15、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.1.2 These test panels are large enough and rigid enoughfor linings and coatings up to 0.25-in. (6-mm) thick. Forthicker linings, the test panels shall be at least 32 times thelining thickness in each direction.5.1.3 One test panel shall be
16、 prepared for each testtemperature, for each method (Test Method A or Test MethodB), in addition to a control panel, which shall be maintained atlaboratory conditions without elevated temperature exposure.5.2 Preparation:5.2.1 Prepare one side of each panel in accordance withSSPC No. SP5 to the degr
17、ee of cleanliness represented inSSPC VIS 189. Clean, new, angular abrasive shall be used.The surface profile shall be as recommended by the liningmanufacturer. Determine and record the average profile depthin accordance with Test Method D4417, Test Method A usinga visual surface profile comparator o
18、r Test Method B, using atape replica.5.2.2 Apply the lining to the prepared surface of the testpanels in a manner as closely simulating field application aspossible and as prescribed by the manufacturers latest techni-cal bulletin. Record the manufacturers batch numbers ormanufacturing dates, mixing
19、 method, mixing time, and methodof application.5.2.3 The lining may be terminated at the edges of the panelor may be wrapped around the panel edges.5.2.4 The lining thickness shall be within 10 % of themaximum lining thickness specified by the manufacturer.5.3 Specimen Measurements:5.3.1 Determine a
20、nd record the thickness of the liningmaterial using an appropriate dry-film thickness gage inaccordance with SSPC PA-2.5.4 Conditioning of Test Panels:5.4.1 Condition test panels for a period of 7 days at 73 64F (23 6 2C). Additional conditioning of test panels,including longer cure times or elevate
21、d cure temperature, maybe conducted if specified. Actual conditioning time and tem-perature shall be recorded and stated in the test report.6. Procedure6.1 Preheat the oven to the required test temperature of200F (93C) or 350F (177C) unless otherwise specified.6.2 Place the elevated temperature expo
22、sure panels in theoven in a vertical position such that there is a minimum 1-in.(25-mm) space between the panels and between the panels andthe oven walls.6.3 Test Method A:6.3.1 Remove the panels at the end of each exposure period.Place the panels in a vertical position with a minimum of 1-in.space
23、between panels and allow them to condition at laboratorytemperatures of 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) for a minimum of 4 h.6.3.2 Evaluate the panels after each oven exposure asfollows:Exposure Number Oven Time, days Total Oven Time, days17 72714314 28428 566.3.3 After each exposure, evaluate the panels in accor
24、dancewith Section 7 and record the results.6.3.4 Place the panels back in the oven for the next exposureuntil the test is complete.6.3.5 After the test is complete, evaluate the panels inaccordance with Section 7 and record the results.6.4 Test Method B:6.4.1 Place the panels in the oven and evaluat
25、e as in 6.3 forTest Method A with the following difference:6.4.1.1 Remove the panels from the oven once daily suchthat the exposure time in the oven for each daily cycle is 16 612 h.6.4.1.2 Condition the panels for4hinavertical positionwith a minimum of 1 in. (2.5 cm) at a temperature of 73 6 4F(23
26、6 2C).6.4.1.3 Optionally, the panels may be left in the oven duringthe weekend.6.4.1.4 Evaluate the panel in accordance with Section 7 andrecord results.6.4.1.5 Terminate the test after 28 daily cycles.7. Panel Evaluation7.1 Visually inspect the lining surface of all panels beforethe test exposure f
27、or the presence of voids and cracks, and forblisters or loss of adhesion as described in 7.3.1.7.2 The lining evaluation shall consider only the center 6-in.(152-mm) diameter of the panel. This area will have beenexposed to the maximum stresses expected due to temperaturechanges as well as any chang
28、es in the lining due to the thermalexposure. Note only any effects related to and limited to theedges of the panel.7.3 Examine the panel for the following effects:7.3.1 Evaluate and record blistering in accordance with TestMethod D714.7.3.2 Some linings may not give clear visual indication ofblister
29、s. Blisters may be detected by lightly tapping the surfaceof the lining with a fingernail or small metal object. Where ablister or loss of adhesion has occurred, the sound will changefrom a solid tap to a more hollow sound. Mark with anindelible marker the apparent edges of a blistered or delami-nat
30、ed area or any other heat caused defect such as pinholing orcratering.7.3.3 Examine the lining for cracking, checking, flaking,and softening, and record the results. Refer to Test MethodsD661 for cracking, D660 for checking, D772 for flaking, andD1474 for hardness.7.4 For the final evaluation, test
31、the lining for adhesionpull-off strength in accordance with Method D4541 and recordthe results including the exact mode(s) and location of failureand approximate percentage of area for each (that is, 50 %adhesion to steel and 50 % cohesion in lining basecoat).Forcibly remove the lining from an area
32、of the panel approxi-mately 1 by 2 in. (25 by 50 mm) using a knife or hammer andchisel to qualitatively evaluate adhesion and condition of thesubstrate. This procedure will also determine whether blister-ing or loss of adhesion occurred between coats or at the surfaceof the substrate.D5499 94 (2013)
33、28. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Lining manufacturers name, product designation,batch numbers, and generic type.8.1.2 Description of panel preparation including the result-ing depth of profile and degree of cleanliness.8.1.3 A description of equipment and procedures used inapplic
34、ation of the lining.8.1.4 Results of visual inspections and thickness measure-ments.8.1.5 Curing/Conditioning procedure.8.1.6 Test temperature and time and whether Test Method Aor Test Method B was used.8.1.7 The results of each interim inspection as outlined inSection 7, noting any changes in appea
35、rance includingcracking, crazing, softening, blistering, or loss of adhesion.8.1.8 The final evaluation should include an appraisal of thecohesion/adhesion of the lining in accordance with 7.4.9. Precision and Bias9.1 These test methods are specific as possible in establish-ing reproducible methods
36、and procedures. Final test results andreports however, depend upon visual observations and subjec-tive evaluation.10. Keywords10.1 adhesion; blistering; cracking; flue gas desulfurization;heat resistance; polymer linings; thermal effectsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of
37、 any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to
38、revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Y
39、our comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is co
40、pyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5499 94 (2013)3
