1、Designation: D5603 01 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Classification forRubber Compounding MaterialsRecycled VulcanizateParticulate Rubber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers the compounding materialcommercially known as recycled vulcanizate par
3、ticulate rub-ber. Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber is the product thatresults when vulcanizate rubber has been processed by somemeans to obtain a desired particle size distribution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in t
4、hisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
5、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical Analy-sisD1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclatureD1509 Test Methods for Carbon BlackHeating LossD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD3182 Pract
6、ice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized SheetsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesD5644 Test Methods for Rubber Compounding MaterialsDetermina
7、tion of Particle Size Distribution of RecycledVulcanizate Particulate RubberE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteris
8、tic of aLot or Process3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber, nrecyclablevulcanizate rubber that has been processed to give particulatesor other forms of different shapes, sizes, and size distributions.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe words “vulcanizate” and “vulca-nized” a
9、re interchangeable. Additional terminology associatedwith this classification can be found in Terminology D1566.3.1.2 parent compound, noriginal compound used in theproduct.4. Significance and Use4.1 Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber is important inrubber compounding. It allows the rubber comp
10、ounder to adda certain percentage of rubber filler back into its parent orsimilar compounds or to use the material as substitute or standalone compound. Its use may lower compound costs orimprove performance characteristics, or both.4.2 Many types of recycled vulcanizate particulate rubberare availa
11、ble, with the number of types of vulcanizate particu-late rubber limited only by the number of parent compounds.4.3 Use of recycled rubber has a positive environmentalimpact.5. Classification of Recycled Vulcanizate ParticulateRubber5.1 Several grades of recycled vulcanizate particulate rub-ber exis
12、t. Their classification is based on two major character-istics: particle size distribution and the polymer type found inthe parent rubber from which the recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber was derived.5.2 Particle Size Distributionmaximum particle size. (Forproduct mesh size designations, see 5
13、.5.)1This classification is under the jurisdiction of Committee D11 on Rubber and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.20 on Compounding Materials andProcedures.Current edition approved June 15, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20
14、08 as D5603 01 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D5603-01R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM
15、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2.1 Coarse rubber powders are products with designationsof 425 m (40 mesh) or larger. These materials typically rangein particle sizes from 2000 m (10 mesh) to 425 m (40 mesh)regardless of polymer t
16、ype or method of processing.5.2.2 Fine rubber powders are products with designationssmaller (finer) than 425 m (40 mesh). These materialstypically range in particle sizes from less than 300 m (50mesh) to less than 75 m (200 mesh) regardless of polymertype or method of processing.5.3 Classification b
17、y Parent Compounds:5.3.1 Based on polymer/compound type alone, the threemost common grades (Grades 1, 2, and 3) used in rubbercompounding and three other grades are shown as follows:5.3.1.1 Grade 1Whole tire recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber is prepared from passenger car, truck, and bus tire
18、sfrom which the fiber and metal have been removed. The rubberis then processed to the desired particle size.5.3.1.2 Grade 2Car, truck, and bus tread recycled vulca-nizate particulate rubber is prepared from car, bus, and trucktread only, processed to the desired particle size. This materialis common
19、ly referred to as “peel” rubber.5.3.1.3 Grade 3Tread recycled vulcanizate particulaterubber prepared by utilizing tire retread buffings only. Thismaterial is generated from car, truck, and bus tire retreadingwhere the processing (buffing) of the tire includes the tread andtire shoulder area only. Th
20、is material is then processed to thedesired particle sizes. The vulcanizate particulate rubber pro-duced from this material is usually characterized by someelongated rubber particles in the vulcanizate particulate rubberwith mesh size designations coarser than 600 m (30 mesh).When finer mesh sizes a
21、re produced, the elongated nature ofthe particles is no longer present.5.3.1.4 Grade 4Whole tire recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber prepared by utilizing tire retread buffings only. Thismaterial is generated from car, truck, and bus tire retreadingwhere the processing (buffing) of the tire inc
22、ludes the tread, tireshoulder area, and the sidewalls. This material is then pro-cessed to the desired particle sizes. The vulcanizate particulaterubber produced from this material is usually characterized byelongated rubber particles in the vulcanizate particulate rubberwith mesh size designation c
23、oarser than 600 m (30 mesh).When finer mesh sizes are produced, the elongated nature ofthe particles is no longer present.5.3.1.5 Grade 5Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubberprepared from off road tires, large equipment tires, industrialtires, forklift tires, farm implement tires, and others. This
24、 doesnot include car, bus, and truck tires.5.3.1.6 Grade 6Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubbersare prepared from rubber vulcanizates from non-tire rubberproducts. This is not to imply that all polymer types can beused interchangeably. Actual classification according to poly-mer types shall be agr
25、eed upon between vendor and customer.5.4 Classification by Particle Size:5.4.1 The particle size designation portion of the classifica-tion is based on physical characteristics (that is, particledistributions using dry material sieve testing). Test MethodsD5644 is used to determine the particle size
26、 distribution. Theproduct size designation is the mesh size based on the sizedesignation sieve-screen which allows a range for the upperlimit retained of zero to some maximum value depending onthe nominal mesh size designation (see Table 1). Each productwill also designate a sieve on which no produc
27、t is retained.This sieve (zero screen) will have a larger nominal openingthan the product size designation screen. Additional sieves canbe specified as agreed upon between the vendor and thecustomer to obtain a particular size distribution.5.5 Overall Classification Designations:5.5.1 The overall cl
28、assification of recycled vulcanizate par-ticulate rubber products is based on two designations: ParticleSize Distribution and Origin of the Rubber (Grades 1 through6).5.5.2 Table 1 lists the standard particle size designations forrecycled vulcanizate particulate rubber. Other product sizedesignation
29、s not listed in Table 1 may be agreed upon betweenthe vendor and customer following the ASTM guidelines inthis classification.6. Sampling6.1 Test portions for the testing as outlined in Section 7 willbe taken on approximately each 1000 to 1250 kg or as agreedupon between vendor and customer.TABLE 1
30、Recycled Rubber Product DesignationNominal Product DesignationExample ClassificationD5603 DesignationAZero Screen, mPercent Retainedon Zero ScreenSize DesignationScreen, mMaximum Percent Re-tained on DesignationScreen10 Mesh Class 10-X 2360 (8 Mesh) 0 2000 (10 Mesh) 520 Mesh Class 20-X 1180 (16 Mesh
31、) 0 850 (20 Mesh) 530 Mesh Class 30-X 850 (20 Mesh) 0 600 (30 Mesh) 1040 Mesh Class 40-X 600 (30 Mesh) 0 425 (40 Mesh) 1050 Mesh Class 50-X 425 (40 Mesh) 0 300 (50 Mesh) 1060 Mesh Class 60-X 300 (50 Mesh) 0 250 (60 Mesh) 1070 Mesh Class 70-X 259 (60 Mesh) 0 212 (70 Mesh) 1080 Mesh Class 80-X 250 (60
32、 Mesh) 0 180 (80 Mesh) 10100 Mesh Class 100-X 180 (80 Mesh) 0 150 (100 Mesh) 10120 Mesh Class 120-X 150 (100 Mesh) 0 128 (120 Mesh) 15140 Mesh Class 140-X 128 (120 Mesh) 0 106 (140 Mesh) 15170 Mesh Class 170-X 106 (140 Mesh) 0 90 (170 Mesh) 15200 Mesh Class 200-X 90 (170 Mesh) 0 75 (200 Mesh) 15AWhe
33、n specifying materials, replace the X with the proper parent material grade designation code. For example, Class 30-2 would indicate a 600 m (30 mesh) productmade from Grade 2 material, car, truck, and bus tread rubber. Class 100-6 would indicate a 150 m (100 mesh) product made from Grade 6 material
34、, non-tire rubber.D5603 01 (2015)26.2 Test portions for sieve testing on products that arecoarser than 800 m (20 mesh) are selected in accordance withPractices E105 and E122.7. Composition and Properties7.1 Table 2 shows the typical chemical properties of all thetire grade particulate rubber in Grad
35、es 1, 2, 3, and 4. Propertiesof particulate rubber other than those in Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4shall be as agreed upon between supplier and customer.7.2 The product designations portion of this classification isbased on physical characteristics (that is, particle distributions).Refer to 5.4 and Table 1
36、.7.3 Material to be substantially free of other foreign con-taminants including, but not limited to, wood and wood chips,paper, metal, sand, dirt, and glass.7.3.1 Visually examine the material for foreign contami-nants. None of these should be present.7.3.2 To check for iron content, weigh a 100-g s
37、pecimen ofrecycled vulcanizate particulate rubber and place on a flatnonmagnetic surface. Pass a small horseshoe magnet over andthrough the specimen for 60 s. Remove all metal fragmentsfrom the magnet. Weigh the iron fragments in grams and recordthe mass as the percentage of free iron.7.4 Fiber cont
38、ent of material may be agreed upon bysupplier and customer.7.4.1 The general fiber content of Grades 1, 4, 5, and 6should contain no more than that specified in Table 2.7.4.2 Grades 2 and 3 are prepared from tread rubber onlyand should contain no fiber.7.4.3 The method to check for fiber content is
39、as follows:7.4.3.1 Perform a normal sieve analysis procedure in accor-dance with Test Method D5644.7.4.3.2 As the test screens are disassembled, there may befree fabric in the form of “fabric balls” which can be removedfrom each screen level.7.4.3.3 Accumulate the “fabric balls” as the screens aredi
40、sassembled.7.4.3.4 Weigh the “fabric balls” in grams and record theirmass as the percentage of free fabric.7.4.3.5 The “fabric balls” may have a tendency to entrapvery small particles of rubber. It is permissible to attempt todislodge these particles by shaking the “fabric balls” ordropping them on
41、a clean surface. Weighing the “fabric balls”with the entrapped rubber will tend to distort the fabric contentto the high side.8. Determination of the Bulk Density of RecycledVulcanizate Particulate Rubber8.1 The bulk density of recycled vulcanizate particulaterubber is determined from the mass of th
42、e particulate rubbercontained in a special cylindrical container that is exactly1000.0 6 0.1 cm3in volume.8.2 Apparatus:8.2.1 Cylindrical Container, 1000-cm3capacity, having uni-form height and no pouring lip or deformation of the walls ofthe container.8.2.2 Straightedge or Spatula, at least 150 mm
43、in length.8.2.3 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 g.8.3 Procedure:8.3.1 Obtain approximately 275 6 25 g of recycled vulca-nizate particulate rubber from the lot (see Practice E105).8.3.2 Pour the sample into the center of the tared containerfrom a height not more than 50 mm above the rim of thecont
44、ainer.Alarge enough excess should be used to form a coneof the product above the rim of the cylindrical container.Immediately level the surface with a single sweep of thestraightedge or spatula held perpendicular to and in firmcontact with the lip of the container. Record the mass of therecycled vul
45、canizate particulate rubber to the nearest gram.8.4 Calculation:8.4.1 Calculate the bulk density to the nearest 0.1 kg/m3asfollows:DB5 W (1)where:DB= bulk density, kg/m3, andW = mass of recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber, g.8.5 Report:8.5.1 Report the following information:8.5.1.1 Date of test.
46、8.5.1.2 Proper identification of samples.8.5.1.3 Result obtained, reported to the nearest 0.1 kg/m3.8.6 Precision and Bias:8.6.1 Round-robin testing will be conducted and precisionand bias statements will be balloted for inclusion when testingis completed.9. Determination of the Density of Recycled
47、VulcanizateParticulate Rubber39.1 Apparatus:9.1.1 Balance, with a bridge and minimum sensitivity of 0.1g.9.1.2 Two Roll Laboratory Rubber Mill.9.1.3 Supporting Wire, for weighing sample.9.1.4 Hydraulic Press, with electric platens3This procedure is modified for ground rubber from Test Methods D297,H
48、ydrostatic section.TABLE 2 Properties for Recycled Rubber (Grades 16)Property Percent Test Method(a) Grades 14Acetone extractables 822 D297, Sections 17, 18, 19Ash, max 8 D297, Sections 34, 35,36, 37Carbon black 2638 D297, Sections 38, 39Loss on heating, max 1 D1509Natural rubber 1035 D297, Sections
49、 52, 53Rubber hydrocarbon content(RHC), min42 D297, Section 11(b) Grades 16Metal content, max 0.1 see 7.3.2Fiber content, max (Grades1, 4, 5, 6)0.5 see 7.4Fiber content, max (Grades2, 3)nil see 7.4D5603 01 (2015)39.1.5 ASTM Tensile Mold, (Practice D3182).9.2 Procedure:9.2.1 Mill the ground rubber sample on the two roll mill.Keep the mill tight enough to knit the ground rubber together.Layer several sheets of the sample together. Use enough sheetsto completely fill the tensile mold.9.2.2 Heat the mold with sheets at 140 6 2C for 30 6 1min at a m
