1、Designation: D5707 16Standard Test Method forMeasuring Friction and Wear Properties of LubricatingGrease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV)Test Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5707; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining alubricatin
3、g greases coefficient of friction and its ability toprotect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm,duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the testmachine,
4、 specifically, ambient to 280 C. Other test loads(10 N to 1200 N for SRVI-model, 10 N to 1400 N for SRVII-model, and 10 N to 2000 N for SRVIII-model), frequencies(5 Hz to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1 mm up to 4.0 mm)can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method isbased on the st
5、ated parameters and test temperatures of 50 Cand 80 C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coeffi-cient of friction are determined and reported.NOTE 1Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.1.2 This test method can also be used for
6、 determining a fluidlubricants ability to protect against wear and its coefficient offriction under similar test conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of
7、 thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A295/A295M Specification
8、 for High-Carbon Anti-FrictionBearing SteelD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme PressureProperties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscill
9、ation (SRV) Test MachineD6425 Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Prop-erties of Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricating Oils UsingSRV Test MachineD7755 Practice for Determining the Wear Volume on Stan-dard Test Pieces Used by High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test MachineE45 Test Methods f
10、or Determining the Inclusion Content ofSteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Standards:3DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, alloy steels andfree-cutting steelsPart 17 : Ball and roller bearing steelsDIN 51834-3 Testing of lubricantsTribological test intranslatory oscillation
11、apparatusPart 3: Determinationof tribological behaviour of materials in cooperation withlubricantsDIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-tions (GPS)Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaceshaving stratified functional properties Part 2: Heightcharacterization using linear material rat
12、io curve Re-places DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of surface rough-ness; parameters RK,RPK,RVK,Mr1,Mr2for the descrip-tion of the material portion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition processoccurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-panied
13、by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.G0.04 on Functional Tests - Tribology.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 201
14、6. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5707 11. DOI:10.1520/D5707-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informatio
15、n, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.(DIN), Burggrafenstrasse 6,10787 Berlin, Germany, http:/www.din.de.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
16、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations iss
17、ued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribologicalsystems long-term behavior. G403.1.2 coeffcient of friction, n in tribology, the dimension-less ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to thenormal f
18、orce (N) pressing these bodies together. G403.1.3 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent area of contactbetween two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated from Hertzs equations of elasticdeformation. G403.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, nmagnitude of the pres-sure at any sp
19、ecified location in a Hertzian contact area, ascalculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation. TheHertzian contact pressure can also be calculated and reportedas maximum value Pmaxin the centre of the contact or asPaverageas average over the total contact area. G403.1.5 lubricant, nany mate
20、rial interposed between twosurfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D41753.1.6 lubricating grease, na semifluid to solid product ofa dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lu
21、bricant bysurface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients arecommonly included to impart special properties. D2173.1.7 Ra (C.L.A), nmeasuring surface finish, the arithme-tic average of the absolute distances of all profile points fromthe mean line for a given distance.43.1.7.1 Discussio
22、nC.L.A. means center line average, andit is a synonym for Ra.3.1.8 Rpk, nreduced peak height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rpk is the mean height of the peak stickingout above the core profile section.3.1.9 Rvk, nreduced valley height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rvk is the mean depth
23、 of the valleyreaching into the material below the core profile section.3.1.10 Rz (DIN), nin measuring surface finish, the averageof all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessmentlength.53.1.11 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed i
24、n a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.11.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at most, only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-ments ar
25、e that the solid particles be extremely small, uniformlydispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-likestructure with the liquid lubricant. D2173.1.12 wear, ndamage to a solid surface, generally involv-ing progressive loss of material, due to the relative motionbetween that surface a
26、nd a contacting substance or substances.G403.1.13 Wv, nWear volume is the loss of volume to the ballafter a test. D64253.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 seizure, nlocalized fusion of metal between therubbing surfaces of the test pieces.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSeizure is usually indi
27、cated by a sharpincrease in coefficient of friction, wear, or unusual noise andvibration. In this test method, increase in coefficient of frictionis displayed on the chart recorder as a permanent rise in thecoefficient of friction from a steady state value.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 SRV, nSchwingung, R
28、eibung, Verschleiss, (Ger-man); oscillating, friction, wear, (English translation). D57064. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machineusing a test ball oscillated under constant load against a testdisk.NOTE 2The frequency of oscillation, stroke length, test temper
29、ature,test load, and test ball and disk material can be varied from those specifiedin this test method. The test ball yields Hertzian point contact geometry.To obtain line or area contact, test pieces of differing configurations can besubstituted for the test ball.4.2 The wear scar on the test ball
30、and coefficient of frictionare measured. If a profilometer is available, a trace of the wearscar on the test disk can also be used to obtain additional wearinformation in order to calculate the wear volumes of ball anddisk by using Practice D7755 or DIN 51834, part 3.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
31、test method can be used to determine wear prop-erties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases atselected temperatures and loads specified for use in applica-tions where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions arepresent for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzianpoint co
32、ntact pressures. This test method has found applicationin qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocityjoints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricatinggreases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method shoulddetermine whether results correlate with field performance oro
33、ther applications.6. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine,6illustrated in Figs. 1-4.6.2 Microscope, equipped with a filar eyepiece graduated in0.005 mm division or equipped with a micrometer stagereadable to 0.005 mm. Magnification should be sufficient toallow for ease of measurement. One to 10 magnificati
34、on hasbeen found acceptable.4Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 21.5Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 29
35、, 31.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Optimol Instruments Prftechnik GmbH, Westendstrasse 125, D-80339, Munich,Germany, http:/www.optimol-instruments.de. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International H
36、eadquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.D5707 1627. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Balls6, 52100 steel, Rockwell hardness number of60 6 2 on Rockwell C scale (HRC), 0.025 m 6 0.005 m Rasurface finish, 10 mm
37、 diameter.7.2 Lower Test Disk,6vacuum arc remelted (VAR) AISI52100 steel with an inclusion rating using Method D, Type A,as severity level number of 0.5 according to Test Methods E45and Specification A295/A295M or an inclusion sum value K110 according to DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodized annealedto
38、obtain globular carbide, Rockwell hardness number of 60 62 on Rockwell C scale (HRC), the surfaces of the disk beinglapped and free of lapping raw materials. The topography ofthe disk will be determined by four values, 24 mm diameter by7.85 mm thick:0.5 m 20sCoefficient of friction, f (cut-off value
39、 for one-off increase of level): 0.358.8.3 Test parameters:Frequency: 50 HzStroke: 1.00 mm for procedureTemperature: for example, 50 C, 80 C, or 120 CPre-load: 50 N for 30 sTest load: running-in under 50 N for 30 s, then steps of 200 N8.8.4 Sample rates for result-relevant measurement chan-nels:Coef
40、ficient of friction, f: #32 ms.Stroke: #2sTest load: #2sFrequency: #2sTemperature: #2sAfter that, apply a load increment of 100 N every 2 minNOTE 7For SRVV models, it is recommended to do one sampling perperiod (that is, 20 ms) for coefficient of friction and stroke.1. Base of the Receiving Block 7.
41、 Upper Specimen Holder2. Piezo Force Measurement Elements 8. Drive Rods of the Load Unit3. Supporting Surface (Head Plate) of the Receiving Block 9. Test Disk4. Lower Specimen Holder 10. Test Ball5. Position of the Electrical Resistance Heating and Resistance Thermometer FnNormal Force (Test Load)6.
42、 Oscillation Drive Rods FfFriction ForceFIG. 4 Test Chamber Elements of SRV Models IV and SRV VD5707 1649. Procedure9.1 Procedure for All SRV ModelsSRV III, IV, and Vmodels are fully computer-controlled and allow automatedtests.9.1.1 Using solvent resistant gloves, clean the test ball anddisk by wip
43、ing the surfaces with laboratory tissue soaked withthe cleaning solvent. Repeat wiping until no dark residueappears on the tissue. Immerse the test ball and disk in a beakerof the cleaning solvent under ultrasonic vibration for 10 min.Dry the test ball and disk with a clean tissue to ensure nostreak
44、ing occurs on the surface.9.1.2 Ensure that the test load unit is in the release position(refer to operating manual for details).9.1.3 Place a small amount (approximately 0.1 g to 0.2 g,the size of a pea) of lubricating grease to be tested on thecleaned lower test disk in an area such that overlappi
45、ng withprevious wear scars will not occur. Alternatively, place thegrease caliper with 1.5 mm in height on the cleaned disc. Fillthe opening of the grease caliper with grease. Remove anyexcess grease by means of a spatula. Remove the grease caliperby lifting it upwards.9.1.4 Place the cleaned test b
46、all on the top and in the middleof the lubricating grease specimen so that the grease makes acircular symmetric pad between the ball and disk.9.2 Procedure for SRV III, IV, and V Models:9.2.1 Open the Assistant for starting a test in the SRVcontrol software. Select the created set-point profile and,
47、 ifnecessary (for example, SRV V), the data logger configurationand proceed through the Assistant until the pre-load has beenapplied.9.2.2 Then set the test load unit to 50 N and release andretighten the ball and disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm.9.2.3 The heater control starts automatically and hea
48、ts up tothe pre-set and desired temperature. 50 C, 80 C, or 120 C.9.2.4 Follow the directions in the Assistant for starting atest in the SRV control software until the automated test runmode (waiting for reaching start conditions) is started. The teststarts automatically when the pre-set delay (for
49、example, 300 s)has expired. The test can also be started manually. The testmachine will automatically stop.9.3 Procedure for SRV I and II Models:9.3.1 Ensure the machine is unloaded (indicated by a loadreading of 13 N or 14 N) and carefully place the diskcontaining the lubricating grease specimen and test ball on thetest area platform.9.3.2 Tighten both the ball and disk clamps until resistanceto tightening just begins. Load unit to 100 N and tighten theball and disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm. Reduce the load to50 N for b
