1、Designation: D 5751 99 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forAdhesives Used for Laminate Joints in NonstructuralLumber Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers performance levels for adhe-sives to be used in laminate joints in no
3、nstructural lumberproducts. Such products include, but are not limited to, interiorand exterior mouldings, window and door components or parts,and bonded lumber panels. This specification is to be used toevaluate adhesives as well as the adhesive bonds innonstructural-glued-lumber products.NOTE 1Thi
4、s specification supersedes the laminate-joint portion ofSpecification D3110.NOTE 2See 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 for descriptions of a dry-use-nonstructuraladhesive and a wet-use-nonstructural adhesive.1.2 This specification applies to laminate-joint specimensmade under both laboratory and field conditions. Se
5、e Section 4for limitations in using this specification to evaluate industri-ally manufactured laminate joint products.1.3 The following safety caveat applies only to the appara-tus and test methods portions, Sections 6, 7, 8, and 9 of thisspecification: This standard does not purport to address all
6、ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas st
7、andard.1.5 In this specification, laminate joint refers to both faceand edge joints.1.6 The following index is provided as a guide to the testmethods in this specification:SectionApparatus 6Conditioning 7Material and Preparation of Assemblies andSpecimens8Exposure Conditions and Treatments 9Testing,
8、 Calculation, and Reporting 10NOTE 3The conditioning needed for various stages in the preparationof the specimens and for the exposure tests are given in Sections 7, 8, and9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 905 Test Method for Strength Properties of AdhesiveBonds in Shear by Compression
9、LoadingD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 2016 Methods for Moisture Content of Wood3D 2555 Test Methods for Establishing Clear-Wood StrengthValuesD3110 Specification for Adhesives Used in NonstructuralGlued Lumber Products3D 5266 Practice for Estimating the Percentage of WoodFailure in Adhesive Bonded
10、JointsE 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-ingE41 Terminology Relating to ConditioningE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine
11、the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Many terms in this specification are defined in Termi-nologies D 907, E 6, and E 41.3.1.1 bond, nthe union of materials by adhesives.3.1.2 laminate joint, nin wood bonding, a joint made bybonding layers of adherends face-to-face or edge-to-edge toform
12、thicker or wider stock.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on WoodAdhesives.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 19
13、99 as D 5751 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
14、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 edge joint, nin wood bonding, a type of laminatejoint made by bonding adherends edge-to-edge with graindirections parallel to form wider stock.3.1.4 face joint, nin wood bonding, a type of laminatejoint made by bo
15、nding adherends face-to-face with graindirections parallel to form thicker stock.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dry-use nonstructural adhesive, n an adhesive ca-pable of producing sufficient strength and durability to makethe bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructur
16、al use,under conditions in which the EMC of the wood does notexceed 16 %.3.2.2 wet-use nonstructural adhesive, nan adhesive ca-pable of producing sufficient strength and durability to makethe bonded lumber product serviceable in nonstructural use,under conditions in which the EMC of the wood may be
17、16 %or greater.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 EMCequilibrium moisture content.3.3.2 MCmoisture content.4. Significance and Use4.1 Adhesives are classified as dry use or wet use. Eachclassification includes consideration of short-term in-transitexposure conditions at temperatures up to 220F. These testmetho
18、ds are designed to determine the performance level of anonstructural wood adhesive when used in a laminate joint. SeeFig. 1 for a depiction of a laminate joint.4.1.1 The dry test and exposure conditions and treatmentsare to evaluate adhesives and adhesive bonds of laminate jointsin nonstructural bon
19、ded lumber products for typical serviceconditions.4.1.2 The 220F test, a more severe test, is designed toevaluate the product after exposure to short-term elevatedtemperature. This test method is intended to simulate condi-tions that might be experienced in transit, further processing, orin service.
20、NOTE 4These typical service conditions may include stress and timeunder stress, as well as elevated temperature.4.2 This specification may be used to evaluate the adhesivebonds in a laminate joint that is the industrial-end product of amanufacturing process. The use of the specification for thispurp
21、ose requires close evaluation of the configuration of thejoint, the wood used, and the manufacturing process.4.2.1 An industrially manufactured laminate joint should beevaluated using the requirements for compliance to the speci-fication set forth in 5.1.1, 5.1.2, and 5.2.4.2.2 To measure up to the
22、criteria of the controlled condi-tions of a laboratory-made specimen, hand pick the lumber,prepare extra joints, and select those joints that most closelymeet the requirements of 5.1 and 5.2.4.3 Special circumstances may require modification of someof the details of these procedures. Record these va
23、riations inthe report sections, as they may have an impact on the resultsobtained.4.4 As the industrially manufactured laminate joint productis often handled, machined, and shipped within a few hours ofmanufacture, it may not have reached the maximum perfor-mance level before it is shipped or tested
24、. To avoid potentialproduct damage, the adhesive-performance level should bedetermined by the laminate-joint manufacturer prior to initialhandling and early shipment. Before beginning the full testingprocess, the testing laboratory should ensure that the productconforms with the performance level ce
25、rtified by the adhesivemanufacturer and has not been damaged by early handling andshipping.DimensionDimensions:Face Joint (Example)AMeasurement, in. (mm) Tolerance, in. (mm)Specimen width 2 (50.8) + 0.32 (0.79)Single lamina length 1.75 (44.4) + 0.32 (0.79)Single lamina thickness (preferred) 0.75 (19
26、) + 0.010 (0.25)Single lamina thickness (alternative) 0.688 (17.5) + 0.010 (0.25)Overall specimen thickness 1.5 (38.1) + 0.32 (0.79)Overlap between adherends 1.5 (38.1) + 0.32 (0.79)AThe ratio of width to height should be maintained at 4/3.FIG. 1 Block Shear SpecimensD 5751 99 (2005)25. Test Require
27、ments5.1 Test Adhesive:5.1.1 To comply with this specification, the test adhesiveshall be tested for performance in accordance with Sections 7through 10, and it shall meet the requirements in Table 1 for theselected performance classification as measured against theaverage shearing strength of lumbe
28、r from common species ofwood as shown on Table 2(a) and Table 2(b).5.1.1.1 For certification, a test shall be conducted on alaminate joint using the test adhesive.5.1.1.2 Lumber with various grain orientations (for ex-ample, flat sawn or quarter sawn) shall be allowed to be usedinterchangeably, prov
29、ided they do not fall outside the require-ments of 8.1.1.5.1.2 Compliance with this specification shall warrant cer-tification of the adhesive for use on a designated grouping ofwood, either softwood or hardwood, when tested and found tobe in accordance with any one of the species of that group. See
30、Table 3 for the designated groupings of commonly useddomestic and imported woods, as accepted in this specifica-tion.45.1.2.1 The wood failure requirements of Table 1 are givenfor softwoods, Groups 1 and 2, and for hardwoods, Groups 3and 4.5.1.2.2 In the event that the adhesive user or supplier, orb
31、oth, cannot accept the designated groupings in Table 3, eitherparty shall have the option of requesting a test on an individualspecies.5.2 Industrially Manufactured Laminate JointsAn indus-trially manufactured laminate joint may be used to evaluate theadhesive used to produce it, provided its constr
32、uction meets therequirements in Sections 7 and 8, and the joint is tested inaccordance with the requirements in Table 1.6. Apparatus6.1 Environmental ChambersFor moist-heat aging, ca-pable of conditioning specimens at 80 6 5F (27 6 3C) and80 6 5 % relative humidity, and with capacity for up to 20spe
33、cimens well-spaced and supported on racks to allow free airflow.6.2 Oven(s)Capable of meeting all the temperature re-quirements of 9.1.2, 105 6 5F (41 6 3C); 9.1.3, 220 and2306 5F (104 and 110 6 3C); 9.2.2 and 9.2.3, 145 6 5F(63 6 3C), with sufficient air circulation to remove moisturefrom the chamb
34、er. An oven capable of enclosing the testingmachine is also recommended. (See 9.1.3.1.)6.3 Tank for Soaking, meeting the requirements of 9.1.2,sothat all of the specimens are completely covered with water forthe duration of the soak cycles.6.4 Tank for Boiling, meeting the requirements of 9.2.2,soth
35、at all of the specimens are completely covered with water forthe duration of the boil cycles.6.5 Testing MachineCapacity of not less than 15 000 lb(6810 kg) in compression, fitted with a shearing tool containinga self-aligning seat to ensure uniform lateral distribution of theload, capable of mainta
36、ining a uniform rate of loading inaccordance with 10.1, and located in an atmosphere such thatthe moisture content of the specimens to be tested dry, as4For wood property information on imported woods, refer to U.S. ForestService, Agricultural Handbook No. 72, Wood Handbook, 1987 ed., Table 4.4.TABL
37、E 1 Minimum Test RequirementsPerformance Classificationand Exposure ConditionsALaminate Joint in ShearBParagraph No.for ExposureDescriptionStrengthC%Wood FailureDGroupAverage,%EIndividualMinimum,%F,GGroup Average,%E,GIndividual Minimum, %F,GSoft Wood Hard Wood Soft Wood Hard WoodDry Use:Cured (Dry)
38、9.1.1 60 30 60 30 30 15Three-Cycle Soak 9.1.2 30 15 30 15 15HElevated Temperature(220F)9.1.3 40 20 40 20 20HWet Use:Cured (Dry) 9.2.1 60 30 60 30 30 15Boil 9.2.2 50 25 50 25 25HElevated Temperature(220F)9.2.3 40 20 40 20 20HVacuum Pressure 9.2.4 50 25 50 25 25HATwenty specimens are required for each
39、 classification and exposure.BParallel to the grain.CThe shear strength of the test specimens expressed as a percentage of the average shear strength of the wood species at 12 % MC. (See Table 2.) Adjustments arerequired for lower MC values. (See Footnote A in Table 2 (a).)DThe wood failure values g
40、iven are for softwoods and hardwoods. Groups 3 and 4 hardwoods (Table 3) are listed at 50 % of the softwood value, with no requirementif the wood failure value calculates to 15 % or less. (See 5.1.2.2 and Table 3.)EFor all specimens tested.FFor 90 % of the specimens tested, they shall meet or exceed
41、 the minimum wood failure values shown. If a zero value is obtained for any of the specimens, the testshall be ruled a failure.GSee recommended average specific gravity in Table 4.HNo requirement.D 5751 99 (2005)3developed under the conditions in Section 9, is not significantlyaltered during testing
42、.NOTE 5This testing machine is described in Test Method D 905. Theshearing tool in Fig. 2 has been found to be satisfactory.6.6 Vacuum-Pressure Vessel, meeting the requirements of9.2.4 and large enough so that all the specimens are below thewater level during the complete cycle.NOTE 6The size of the
43、 vessel is critical in order to prevent theuppermost specimens from becoming exposed to the air, as water isabsorbed by the specimens during treatment.TEST METHODS7. Conditioning7.1 Measuring Moisture ContentTo measure specimenMC, use Method A (oven dry method) in Methods D 2016;orMethod B (electron
44、ic moisture meter method), when agree-ment within 61 % MC with Method A has been determined.7.2 Conditioning Prior to Testing:7.2.1 Before bonding of lumber or cutting the specimens,measure the MC of the laminate joint assemblies at the lumberend with a moisture meter. If the MC is not within the ra
45、ngefrom 10 to 12 %, use an environmental chamber to bring theassemblies into that range.7.3 Specimen Conditioning During the Testing ProcessThe allowable variation in MC at the completion of a dryingcycle or before testing dry is 61 % MC. For example, if theMC of the specimen before exposure is 9 %,
46、 the acceptablerange for testing is 8 to 10 %. Wood failure is estimated onspecimens after they have been conditioned to less than 8 %,except for the dry test in 9.1.1 and 9.2.1, where the specimenshave never been taken from the dry state. Wood failure may beread on these test specimens following th
47、e strength testing,with no further conditioning to reduce MC.8. Material and Preparation of Specimens8.1 Material:8.1.1 LumberUse lumber that conforms to the followingrequirements: maximum slope of grain of 1 in 14 on any faceor edge; EMC of 8 to 14 %, preferably 10 to 12 %, unlessotherwise recommen
48、ded by the adhesive manufacturer; free ofknots and decay; free of machining defects such as chippedgrain, dubbed ends, feed-roll polish, coarse knife marks, andfeed-roll compression; free of drying effects, such as casehardening, collapse, splits or checks; flat-grain cut; and sur-faced on the day t
49、he assemblies are to be bonded. See 5.1.2 forspecies compliance rules relative to testing and Table 3 forinformation on the bondability of some species of wood.NOTE 7Recommended average specific gravities for the variousspecies are given in Table 4. This material is for information only.8.1.1.1 Lumber for Laboratory SpecimensThe lumberspecies to be used for laboratory specimens is Ponderosa Pine.8.1.2 AdhesiveFollow the adhesive manufacturers in-structions for conditions and procedures when preparing theadhesive and applying it to the stock, and
