1、Designation: D5767 17Standard Test Method forInstrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image (DOI)Gloss of Coated Surfaces1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5767; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe the measurement of thedistinctness-of-image (DOI) gloss of coating surfaces u
3、singelectro-optical measuring techniques.1.2 The coatings assessed shall be applied to planar rigidsurfaces.1.3 Test MethodThe light through a small slit is projectedon the specimen surface and its reflected image intensity ismeasured through a sliding combed shutter to provide a valueof image clari
4、ty.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish a
5、ppro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6、Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D523 Test Method for Specular GlossD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish
7、, and Related Products on Test PanelsD2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films andSolid PlasticsD3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens forAppearance MeasurementsD4039 Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-GlossSurfacesE284 Terminology of AppearanceE430 Test Methods for Measu
8、rement of Gloss of High-GlossSurfaces by Abridged GoniophotometryE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 10216 Anodizing of aluminum and its alloysInstrumental determination of image clarity of anodicoxidation coatingsIns
9、trumental methodISO 17221 PlasticsDetermination of image clarity (degreeof sharpness of reflected or transmitted image)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms and definitions in TerminologyE284 are applicable to these methods.3.1.1 distinctness-of-image (DOI) gloss, naspect of glosscharacterized by the s
10、harpness of images of objects producedby reflection at a surface. E2843.1.1.1 DiscussionThis quality is sometimes called imageclarity.3.1.2 gloss reflectance factor, Rs,nratio of the specularlyreflected part of the (whole) flux reflected from the specimen tothe flux reflected from a specified gloss
11、standard under thesame geometric and spectral conditions of measurements.E2843.1.2.1 DiscussionThe gloss standard may be a blackglass or mirror and may be assigned one of a variety of scalevalues as specified.3.1.3 specular angle, nangle of reflection equal and op-posite to the angle of incidence. E
12、2844. Significance and Use4.1 An important aspect of the appearance of glossy coatingsurfaces is the distinctness (clarity) of images reflected by1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Colorand Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 onGeometr
13、y.Current edition approved June 15, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5767 95 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/D5767-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo
14、r Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
15、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by t
16、he World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1them. The values obtained in this measuring procedure corre-late well with visual ratings for DOI (image clarity).4.2 Although Test Methods D523 and D4039 are useful incharacterizing some aspects of glossy appearance, they do n
17、otprovide satisfactory ratings for DOI (image clarity).4.3 The measurement conditions given conform to theconditions specified in Test Methods E430.4.4 The measurement conditions given in this test methodconform to the conditions specified in ISO 10216.4.5 The scale values obtained with the measurin
18、g proce-dures of this test method range from 0 to 100 with a value of100 representing perfect DOI (image clarity).4.6 The DOI (image clarity) scale value does not, of itself,indicate any specific cause for reduction in reflected imagesharpness. Surface irregularities such as haze, orange peel, andwr
19、inkle, when present, may be cited as causes for reduction ofimage sharpness.5. Apparatus5.1 Image Clarity Meter,4consisting of a light source, asliding combed shutter, a photo-receiver, and a device foranalyzing image intensities (see Fig. 1).5.2 PrincipleThe light through a small slit is projected
20、onthe specimen surface and its reflected image intensity througha sliding combed shutter is measured.5.3 Geometric ConditionsThe axis of the incident beamshall be 60 from the perpendicular to the specimen surface andthe photo-receiver shall be at the mirror reflection of the axis ofthe incident beam
21、. The source slit is 0.1 6 0.02 mm in width4The sole source of supply of the meter Model HA-ICM, Image Clarity, knownto the committee at this time is Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., 414, Shinjuku5chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160 Japan. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this inf
22、ormation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.DIMENSIONS HA-ICMASlit0.1 mmBLight Angle22CSlit/Lens Dist.50 mmDLensf 50 mmELens/Test Spec. Dist.50 mmFTest Spec./Lens Dist.50 mmGLe
23、nsf 50 mmHLens/Com. Shut. Dist.50 mmILight Angle22JShut./Slit Length10 mmKShut./Slit Width0.5 mmLShut./Slit Space0.5 mmFIG. 1 Diagrammatical Representation of Image Clarity MeasurementD5767 172and the photo-receiver shall receive a reflected image througha combed shutter of 18 slits of 7.5 mm in wid
24、th.NOTE 1Amore complete description of the spectral response functionof this instrument is in ISO 17221.6. Preparation and Selection of Test Specimens6.1 This test method does not cover techniques for thepreparation of test specimens. Whenever preparation of testspecimens is required, use one of the
25、 procedures given inPractices D823. Selection of specimens for measurementshould be done in accordance with Practice D3964.7. Reference Standards7.1 The following analysis may be used to establish thespecular gloss value, Gs, of the working standard:Q 5 n!22 sin2! #12(1)ri5Fcos! 2 Qcos! 1QG2(2)r5Fn
26、!2cos! 2 Qn !2cos! 1QG2(3)I 5 0.5r! 1ri!# (4)Gs5100 IWSIPS(5)where: = angle of incidence of the collimated ray with respectto the normal in the rarer optical medium,n = ratio of the index of refraction of the denser opticalmedium divided by the density of the rarer opticalmedium,Q = placeholder for
27、a reocurring expression in theequations,r= intensity, relative to that of the incident wave, of thespecular reflection for the part of the reflected wavepolarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence,r?= intensity, relative to that of the incident wave, of thespecular reflection for the part of t
28、he reflected wavepolarized parallel to the plane of incidence,I = mean intensity of parallel and perpendicular waves,IWS= refers to the I value of the working standard,IPS= refers to the I value of the primary standard, andGS= specular gloss reading of a working standard withrespect to the reading o
29、f the primary standard at anominal value of 100 gloss units.7.1.1 For additional information on Eq 1, see Wyszecki andStiles.5Note 2Index of Refraction SensitivityEach 0.01 incre-ment in the index of refraction of polished black glass producesa change in the measured value of approximately 1.6 scale
30、units for the 60 geometry.Note 3To determine the scale value:7.1.1.1 Calculate the first surface Fresnel reflectance (seeTest Method D2457) for nD= 1.567. The specular angle is 60.The calculated value is 10.0056 % or 100.0 units.7.1.1.2 Assign this the full scale value of 100.0 units (seeTest Method
31、 D523).7.1.1.3 Repeat the calculation for nD= 1.527. Using thesame specular angle of 60, the calculated value is 9.3636 % or93.6 units.7.1.1.4 The new scale value for the working black, glassstandard for 60 is 100 (9.3626/10.0056) = 0.9357 or 93.6units.7.2 Verification StandardsDe-polished, opaque,
32、blackglasses and ceramic tiles having uniform, planar surfaces aresuitable for verification standards when calibrated against aprimary or working standard on an image clarity meter knownto meet the requirements of the test method.8. Procedure8.1 StandardizationStandardize by adjusting the appara-tus
33、 to read the assigned value of the polished black workingstandard.8.2 VerificationRead the verification standards whose as-signed values lie within the range of the instrument scale. Thereadings of the verification standards should agree within 61unit of their assigned values.8.3 Place the specimen
34、to be read on a flat surface.8.4 Place the apparatus on the specimen surface and read C,the value of image clarity. Take readings at three different areasof the specimen surface.8.5 Take reading of the working standard at the end of seriesof specimen readings to ensure that the apparatus has remaine
35、din calibration throughout the operation.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the image clarity value from the maximumand the minimum light intensities, which the photo-receivermeasures, using Eq 6 (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3):C 5M 2 mM1m3100 (6)where:C = image clarity value, %,M = maximum light intensity, andm =
36、 minimum light intensity.5Wyszecki, G. and Stiles, W. S., Color Science: Concepts and Methods,Quantitative Data and Formulae, Second ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York,1982, p. 52FIG. 2 Wave FormStandardizationD5767 1739.2 When the test specimen has a completely flat andsmooth surface and the shutte
37、r is slid laterally, the reflectedimage of the slit at the sliding combed shutter passes com-pletely through the space of the comb when the center of thecomb space coincides with the image. This generates amaximum light intensity on the photo-receiver. When notcompletely flat and smooth, depending o
38、n the degree ofdispersion of the light, the image cannot pass through the combcompletely and generates a minimum light intensity. Thesemaximum and minimum light intensities are used to calculatethe image clarity value.9.3 The instrument calculates and displays the image clarityvalue, C, directly.10.
39、 Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Image Clarity Values:10.1.1.1 Mean image clarity values and10.1.1.2 Comb width.10.1.2 Operational Logistics:10.1.2.1 Date and location of test performed,10.1.2.2 Operator performing test,10.1.2.3 Facility where test performed,10.1.2.4 Name of test
40、instrument,10.1.2.5 Model number of test instrument,10.1.2.6 Last calibration date of instrument, and10.1.2.7 Calibration standard identification.10.1.3 Sample Identification:10.1.3.1 Information regarding identification of sample and10.1.3.2 Information regarding direction of measurement onsample.1
41、1. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision:11.1.1 The experiment and data gathered for this sectionwere acquired and computed in accordance with the require-ments as outlined in Practice E691.6The materials used as testspecimens to derive the precision data represent a diversesampling of real-world materia
42、ls. The intent is to show typicalresults that may be experienced by the user so that they canaccess in general terms the usefulness of these test methods totheir proposed application. These data should guide the user asto the variability that can be expected within test results andbetween test resul
43、ts obtained in different laboratories.11.1.2 There is no absolute or agreed upon material standardfor image clarity; therefore, all precision data are presented inrelative image clarity units. Hence, it is not possible to accessbias.11.2 Repeatability StatementThe repeatablity data wereobtained in A
44、pril 2014 using four different materials as testspecimens. They were: (1) a painted steel plate with a mirrorfinish designated Test Specimen A-1, (2) a painted steel platewhose surface contains large orange peel designated TestSpecimen A-2, (3) a painted steel plate whose surface containsmedium oran
45、ge peel designated Test Specimen A-3, and (4) apainted steel plate whose surface contains small orange peeldesingated Test Specimen A-4. Ten consecutive measurementswere gathered in the shortest period of time. The measurementtest sequence was performed with replacement. The repeatabil-ity standard
46、deviation has been determined for each testspecimen and spacing on the optical mask. The data arepresented in Table 1. The 95 % repeatability limit for each testspecimen and the optical mask spacing are presented in Table1.11.3 Reproducibilty StatementThe reproducibility datawere obtained from an in
47、strument population of six differentinstruments in different locations by different operators ondifferent days with the same test specimens inApril 2014 usingfour different materials as test specimens. The test specimenswere: (1) a painted steel plate with a mirror finish designatedTest Specimen A-1
48、, (2) a painted steel plate whose surfacecontains large orange peel designated Test SpecimenA-2, (3) apainted steel plate whose surface contains medium orange peeldesignated Test Specimen A-3, and (4) a painted steel platewhose surface contains small orange peel designated TestSpecimen A-4. The repr
49、oducibility standard deviation for eachtest specimen and spacing on the optical mask has beendetermined and are presented in Table 1. The 95 % repeatabil-ity limit for each test specimen and spacing on the optical maskare presented in Table 1.11.4 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthese test methods because there is no material having acceptedreference values available.12. Keywords12.1 distinctness of image; DOI; gloss; high-gloss surfaces;image clarity6Supporting data have been filed
