1、Designation: D5798 10aStandard Specification forFuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) for Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5798; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a fuel blend
3、, nominally 70 to85 volume % denatured fuel ethanol and 30 to 15 additionalvolume % hydrocarbons for use in ground vehicles withautomotive spark-ignition engines. Appendix X1 discusses thesignificance of the properties specified.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Th
4、e values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in
5、Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline(Induction Period Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint,
6、Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD40
7、57 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-ing with Gasol
8、ines for Use as Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline a
9、ndGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselE
10、ngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Contentof Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,
11、Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D7319 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-tial Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-tial Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorg
12、anic Chloride in FuelEthanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous SampleInjection1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.Current ed
13、ition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D579810. DOI:10.1520/D5798-10A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
14、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E203 Test Method for Water
15、 Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Government Standards:340 CFR Part 80 Code of Federal Regulations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundC2H5OH.3.1.2 methanol, nme
16、thyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3OH.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aliphatic etheran oxygen-containing, ashless, or-ganic compound in which the oxygen atom is interposedbetween two carbon atoms (organic groups), has the generalformula CnH2n+2O with n being 5 to 8, and
17、in which the carbonatoms are connected in open chains and not closed rings.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAliphatic compounds can be straight orbranched chains and saturated or unsaturated. The term ali-phatic ether, as used in this specification, refers only to thesaturated compounds.3.2.2 denaturantsnatural ga
18、soline, gasoline components,unleaded gasoline, or toxic or noxious materials added to fuelethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use but notunsuitable for automotive use.3.2.3 denatured fuel ethanolfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants.3.2.4 fuel ethanolethanol w
19、ith impurities common to itsproduction (including water but excluding denaturants).3.2.5 fuel ethanol (Ed70-Ed85)blend of ethanol and hy-drocarbon of which the ethanol portion is nominally 70 to 85volume % denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.6 higher alcoholsaliphatic alcohols of general for-mula CnH2n+1OH w
20、ith N being 3 to 8.3.2.7 hydrocarbonthose components in an ethanol-hydrocarbon blend containing only hydrogen and carbon.3.2.8 pHea measure of the acid strength of alcohol fuels.4. Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) Performance Requirements4.1 Fuel ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) shall conform to the require-ments of Tab
21、le 1.NOTE 1Most of the requirements cited are based on the best technicalinformation currently available. Requirements for sulfur, phosphorus, andlead are based on the use of gasoline defined in Specification D4814 andthe understanding that control of these elements will affect catalystlifetime. The
22、 lead maximum is limited for Class 1 and Class 2 fuels to thelower limit of the test method. As greater experience is gained from fielduse of Ed70-Ed85 vehicles and further vehicle hardware developments forthe use of ethanol content fuels occurs, it is expected that many of theserequirements will ch
23、ange.4.1.1 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climaticchanges by providing three vapor pressure classes for fuelethanol (Ed70-Ed85). The seasonal and geographical distribu-tion for three vapor pressure classes is shown in Table 2. Class1 encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth percentil
24、eminimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C (41F).Class 2 encompasses geographical areas with 6-h tenth percen-tile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5C (23F)but less than +5C (41F). Class 3 encompasses geographicalareas with 6-h tenth percentile minimum ambient temperatureless than or
25、 equal to 5C (23F).4.1.2 The hydrocarbons blended with the denatured fuelethanol shall have a maximum boiling point of 225C (437F)by Test Method D86, oxidation stability of 240-min minimumby Test Method D525, and No. 1 maximum copper stripcorrosion by Test Method D130. The hydrocarbons maycontain al
26、iphatic ethers as blending components as are custom-arily used for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.4.1.3 The denaturant for the denatured fuel ethanol used inmaking fuel ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) shall meet the requirementsof Specification D4806 (see Section 6).4.1.4 Fuel ethanol (Ed70Ed85) of any v
27、olatility class shallmeet the same limits for lead and phosphorus as required byU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations forunleaded gasoline.4.1.4.1 The intentional addition of lead or phosphoruscompounds to fuel ethanol (Ed70Ed85) is not permitted. EPAregulations limit their maximum
28、concentrations in unleadedgasoline to 0.05 g lead/US gal (0.013 g/L) and 0.005 gphosphorus/US gal (0.0013 g/L), respectively. Details of theEPA regulations and test methods are available in 40 CFR Part80, Part 80 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations.4.1.5 Use of unprotected aluminum in fue
29、l ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) distribution and dispensing equipment will introduceinsoluble aluminum compounds into the fuel, causing plugged3Available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.TABLE 1 Requirements for
30、Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85)Properties Class 1AClass 2 Class 3Ethanol volume % 6883 6883 6883Vapor pressure, kPa 3859 4865 6683(psi) (5.58.5) (7.09.5) (9.512.0)All ClassesMethanol, volume %, max 0.5Higher alcohols (C3C8), max,volume %2Sulfur, max, mg/kg 80BAcidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH),mass % (mg/L)
31、, max0.005 (40)Solvent-washed gum content,max, mg/100 mL5pHe6.5to9.0Unwashed gum content, max,mg/100 mL20Inorganic chloride, max, mg/kg 1Copper, max, mg/L 0.07Water, max, mass % 1.0Appearance This product shall be visibly free ofsuspended or precipitated contaminants(clear and bright). This shall be
32、determined at ambient temperature or21C (70F), whichever is higher.ASee 4.1.1 for volatility class criteria.BQualified small refineries have varying maximum sulfur limits for gasoline up to0.0450 mass%, which are based on their 19971998 sulfur level baseline. Ifgasoline from qualified refineries is
33、used to blend Ed70Ed85, the maximum sulfurlevel shall be 134 mg/kg.D5798 10a2TABLE 2 Seasonal and Geographical Volatility Specifications for Fuel Ethanol (Ed70-Ed85)NOTE 1This schedule, subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller, denotes the vapor pressure class of the fuel at the tim
34、e and placeof bulk delivery to fuel-dispensing facilities for the end user. Shipments should anticipate this schedule.NOTE 2Where alternative classes are listed, either class is acceptable; the option shall be exercised by the seller.State Jan Feb March Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov DecAlabama 2
35、 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2AlaskaSouthern Region 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3South Mainland 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3 3ArizonaN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3S of 34 Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2Arkansas 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3CaliforniaANorth Coast 2 2 2 2 2 2/1
36、 1 1 1 1/2 2 2South Coast 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3Southeast 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Interior 2 2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2ColoradoE of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3W of 105 Longitude 3 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Connecticut 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Delaware 3 3 3/
37、2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3District of Columbia 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3FloridaN of 29 Latitude 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2S29Latiude /111 11111/Georgia 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3Hawaii 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111Idaho 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3IllinoisN of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2
38、2/3 3 3S of 40 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Indiana 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Iowa 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kansas 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Kentucky 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Louisiana 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2Maine 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Maryland 3 3 3/2 2
39、 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Massachusetts 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3MichiganLower Michigan 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Upper Michigan 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Minnesota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Mississippi 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2Missouri 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Montana 3 3 3
40、 3 3/2 2 2/1 1/2 2/3 3 3 3Nebraska 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3NevadaN of 38 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 38 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New Hampshire 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3New Jersey 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3New MexicoN of 34 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1
41、1 1/2 2/3 3 3S of 34 Latitude 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3New YorkN of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 42 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3North Carolina 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3North Dakota 3 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Ohio 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2/3 3 3Oklahoma
42、3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3OregonE of 122 Longitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2 2/1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3W of 122 Longitude 3 3/2 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2 2/3PennsylvaniaN of 41 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3S of 41 Latitude 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3Rhode Island 3 3 3 3/2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3South Carol
43、ina 2 2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2South Dakota 3 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3 3Tennessee 3 3 3/2 2 2/1 1 1 1 1/2 2 2/3 3TexasD5798 10a3vehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggeratedeven with protected aluminum by elevated fuel conductivitycaused by contact with nitrile rubber dispensi
44、ng hose. There-fore, unprotected aluminum and unlined nitrile rubber dispens-ing hose should be avoided in fuel ethanol (Ed70-Ed85) fueldistribution and dispensing systems.45. Workmanship5.1 Fuel ethanol (Ed70Ed85) shall be visually free ofsediment and suspended matter. It shall be clear and bright
45、atthe ambient temperature or 21C (70F), whichever is higher.5.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for fuelethanol (Ed70Ed85). The product shall be free of any adul-terant or contaminant that can render the material unacceptablefor its commonly used applications.5.2.1 Manufacturers and bl
46、enders of Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85) shall avoid ethanol (for example, improperly recycledethanol), or denaturants and hydrocarbon blend componentscontaminated by silicon-containing materials, or both. Siliconcontamination of gasoline, denatured ethanol, and their blendshas led to fouled vehicle compo
47、nents (for example, sparkplugs, exhaust oxygen sensors, catalytic converters) requiringparts replacement and repairs. There is noASTM approved testmethod for determining silicon compounds in gasoline,gasoline-oxygenate blends, denaturants, hydrocarbon blendcomponents, or denatured fuel ethanol, alth
48、ough some labora-tories are possibly using non-ASTM test methods.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The reader is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling to better understand the importanceand effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial han
49、dling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Useappropriate procedures in Practice D4057 for manual methodsampling and in Practice D4177 for automatic sampling, asapplicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D4306 for aviation fuel container selectionfor tests sensitive to trace contamination. Refer to PracticeD5854 f
