1、Designation: D5800 142D5800 15Standard Test Method forEvaporation Loss of Lubricating Oils by the Noack Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEq 11 was corrected editorially in January 2015.2 NOTESubsection 20.21 was corrected editorially in February 2015.1. Scope*1.
3、1 This test method covers three procedures for determining the evaporation loss of lubricating oils (particularly engine oils).Procedure A uses the Noack evaporative tester equipment; Procedure B uses the automated non-Woods metal Noack evaporativeapparatus; and Procedure C uses Selby-Noack volatili
4、ty test equipment. The test method relates to one set of operating conditionsbut may be readily adapted to other conditions when required.1.2 Noack results determined using Procedures A and B show consistent differences. Procedure A gives slightly lower resultsversus Procedure B on formulated engine
5、 oils, while Procedure A gives higher results versus Procedure B on basestocks.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated wi
6、th its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Product
7、sD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System PerformanceD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Method
8、s for Petroleum Products and Lubricants2.2 DIN Standards:3DIN 1725 Specification for Aluminum AlloysDIN 12785 Specifications for Glass Thermometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 evaporation lossof a lubricating oil by the Noack method, that mass of volatile oi
9、l vapors lost when the oil is heatedin a test crucible through which a constant flow of air is drawn.3.1.2 volatility, nthe tendency of a liquid to form a vapor.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Ameasured quantity of sample is placed in an evaporation crucible or reaction flask that is then heated to 250
10、C250 C witha constant flow of air drawn through it for 60 min. 60 min. The loss in mass of the oil is determined.4.2 Interlaboratory tests have shown that Procedure A, Procedure B, and Procedure C yield essentially equivalent results, witha correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.996. See the research rep
11、ort for the Selby-Noack interlaboratory study.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014A
12、pril 1, 2015. Published October 2014April 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 asD5800 10.D5800 142. DOI: 10.1520/D5800-14E02.10.1520/D5800-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
13、org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normunge, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafen Strasse 6, 1000 Berlin 30, Germany.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to p
14、rovide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof t
15、he standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 The evaporation los
16、s is of particular importance in engine lubrication. Where high temperatures occur, portions of an oil canevaporate.5.2 Evaporation may contribute to oil consumption in an engine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil.5.3 Many engine manufacturers specify a maximum allowable evaporatio
17、n loss.5.4 Some engine manufacturers, when specifying a maximum allowable evaporation loss, quote this test method along with thespecifications.5.5 Procedure C, using the Selby-Noack apparatus, also permits collection of the volatile oil vapors for determination of theirphysical and chemical propert
18、ies. Elemental analysis of the collected volatiles may be helpful in identifying components such asphosphorous, which has been linked to premature degradation of the emission system catalyst.Procedure A6. Apparatus6.1 Noack Evaporative Tester, comprising the following:6.1.1 Electrically Heated Block
19、 Unit, made from a malleable aluminum alloy (see DIN 1725, Sheet 1), insulated at the jacketand base against loss of heat. (WarningThis block is heated to 250C.)250 C.) The block is heated electrically by a base andjacket heater, having a total power consumption of 11 kW to 1.2 kW. 1.2 kW. In this r
20、espect the difference between both individualpower consumption should not exceed 0.15 kW. 0.15 kW. In the center of the heating block, there is a circular recess to insert theevaporating crucible, the space between block and crucible being filled with Woods alloy or a suitable equivalent. Two catche
21、s onthe block prevent the crucible from rising in the liquid metal bath. Two additional circular recesses at equal intervals from thecenter of the block are provided for the thermometers (see Fig. 1).6.1.2 Evaporating Crucible, with screw cover. The crucible is made of stainless steel (see Fig. 2).A
22、bove the support ring is thethread for the cover. The nickel-plated brass cover is hermetically sealed to the crucible by an internal conical sealing surface (seeFig. 3). Three nozzles of hardened steel permit the air stream to pass through the cover. The extraction tube, which slopesdownward, leads
23、 from a threaded and sealed connection in the center of the cover.6.2 Balance, capable of weighing at least 200 g 200 g to the nearest 0.01 g.0.01 g.6.3 Crucible Clamp and Spanner.6.4 Reamer, 2-mm2 mm diameter.6.5 Ball Bearing, 3.5-mm3.5 mm diameter.6.6 Thermometer, M260 (see DIN 12785) or temperatu
24、re sensing device capable of reading temperature to 0.1C.0.1 C. Thethermometer should be calibrated with appropriate procedure at appropriate frequency (generally every six months).6.7 Contact Type Control Thermometer (for manual).6.8 Glass Y-piece, an internal diameter of 4 mm. 4 mm. The upright ar
25、ms, each 45-mm45 mm long, should form an angle suchthat the arm connected to the crucible extraction tube and the Y-piece form a straight line. The vertical arm is 60-mm60 mm longand beveled at 45.6.9 Glass Delivery Tubes, an internal diameter of 4 mm, 4 mm, each arm length 100 mm, 100 mm, beveled a
26、t 45 at endsentering and leaving the bottles.6.9.1 Bent at an angle of approximately 80.6.9.2 Bent at an angle of approximately 100, length to 20 mm 20 mm of bottle base.6.9.3 Bent at an angle of approximately 90.6.10 Two Glass Bottles, approximately 2-L2 Lcapacity, fitted with rubber bungs bored to
27、 receive inlet and outlet tubes (see Fig.4).6.11 Manometer, inclined form, water-filled, precision 0.2 mm 0.2 mm H2O or suitable pressure sensor capable of measuring2020 mm 6 0.2 mm 0.2 mm of H2O (a 00 mm to 50-mm50 mm H2O pressure transducer has been found to be satisfactory).NOTE 1Some manometers
28、use water as the reference fluid, others may use a lower density fluid correlated to read in millimetres of water. Usersshould ensure that the manometer is filled with the correct density reference fluid.6.12 Glass T-Piece, with bleed valve attached.6.13 Vacuum Pump.6.14 Timer, with accuracy of 0.2
29、s.0.2 s.6.15 Silicone Rubber Tubing, cut to size, with an internal diameter of 4 mm.4 mm.D5800 152NOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.D5800 1536.15.1 40-mm40 mm long; three pieces required,6.15.2 300-mm300 mm long, and6.15.3 100-mm100 mm long.NOTE 2The use of automated equipment is permissible as lo
30、ng as it gives equivalent results specified in this test method. All hardware dimensions,make-up of the block, crucible, heat capacity, and so forth, and glassware must conform to the specifications given in this test method.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Cleaning SolventA mixture of naphtha and tolue
31、ne is recommended for the cleaning of the crucible. (WarningFlammable, vapor harmful.) Overnight soaking may be necessary.7.2 Oils having a known evaporative loss, the value of which is provided by the oil supplier. Some examples of such oils includeRL-N, RL 172, and RL 223, supplied by CEC. Other o
32、ils supplied by other vendors may also be used.7.3 Insulated Gloves.7.4 Paint Brush, such as a tinnerps acid brush (15(15 mm to 25-mm25 mm width).7.5 Woods Metal4 or Suitable Heat Transfer Material(WarningWoods metal contains lead (25 %), bismuth (50 %),antimony (12.5 %), and cadmium (12.5 %); these
33、 have been found to be health hazardous. Avoid contact with skin at all times.)4 The sole source of supply of Woods metal known to the committee at this time is Sigma-Aldrich, Customer Support, P.O. Box 14508, St. Louis, MO 63178. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informa
34、tion to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Heating BlockNOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.FIG. 2 CrucibleD5800 154NOTE 1All dimensions in millilitres.FIG. 3 CoverFIG. 4 G
35、lasswareD5800 1558. Hazards8.1 Safety HazardsIt is assumed that anyone using this test method will either be fully trained and familiar with all normallaboratory practices, or will be under the direct supervision of such a person. It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure thatall local legi
36、slative and statutory requirements are met.8.2 (WarningThough the test method calls for a draftfreedraft-free area, the exhaust fumes from the evaporating oil mustbe ventilated to an outside source. Precaution shall be taken to avoid any possibility of fire or explosion.)NOTE 3One way to achieve a d
37、raftfreedraft-free environment and greater safety in operation for the instruments used in this test method is describedin Appendix X3.8.3 An alternate means for preventing draft described in Appendix X3 was not used in the development of the test methodprecision statement.9. Preparation of Apparatu
38、s9.1 A standard assembly of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 5. To avoid disturbing the thermal equilibrium, the apparatus shallbe assembled in a draftfree area and comply with Fig. 5 in dimensions and apparatus. (See 8.2.)9.2 Add sufficient Woods metal or equivalent material to the recesses of the he
39、ating block so that, with the crucible andthermometer in place, the remaining spaces will be filled with the molten metal.9.3 Using the highest heating rate possible, raise the temperature of the heating block until the Woods metal is molten. Insertthe thermometers with their bulbs touching the bott
40、om of the recesses, and ensure that the contact thermometer is plugged in theback of the heating block. Adjust the power supplied to the heating block so that the temperature can be maintained at 250250 C6 0.5C.0.5 C.9.4 Assemble the remaining apparatus, less the crucible, as shown in Fig. 5.9.5 Pla
41、ce an empty crucible in the heating block, securing the flange under the screw heads against the buoyancy of the Woodsmetal. The level of the molten metal should be such that a trace of it can be seen at the flange of the crucible and the top of theheating block.9.6 Check that the readings can be ob
42、tained on the manometer scale, or other measuring device, by connecting the crucible tothe assembled apparatus. A reading of 20.020.0 mm 6 0.2 mm 0.2 mm shall be obtained.FIG. 5 Test ApparatusD5800 1569.7 Disconnect and remove the crucible from the assembled apparatus.9.8 Switch off the pump and the
43、 heating block and raise the crucible and the thermometers from the molten Woods metal. Usingthe brush, return any Woods metal clinging to the crucible to the heating block.9.9 Clean the Y-piece and glass tubing to prevent a build up of condensate.10. Verification10.1 Switch on the pump and the heat
44、ing block and ensure that the apparatus is assembled, minus the crucible, as shown in Fig.5.10.2 Check that the crucible and cover are free from lacquer.10.2.1 After every test, clean the crucible and cover with solvent and allow to dry. Stubborn lacquer can be cleaned by abrasionfrom a glass beader
45、 under pressure.10.3 Pass the reamer through each of the three nozzles in the cover to ensure that they are clear. (WarningUsing a reamerwith a diameter larger than 2 mm 2 mm can enlarge the nozzles. This can lead to higher losses because of increased air flow.)10.4 Run the ball bearing through the
46、extraction tube to ensure that it is clear of dirt.10.5 Weigh the empty crucible without its cover to the nearest 0.01 g.0.01 g.10.6 Weigh into the crucible 65.065.0 g 6 0.1 g 0.1 g of the Reference Oil.10.7 Screw on the cover using the clamp and spanner.10.8 Ensure the temperature of the heating bl
47、ock is at 250250 C 6 0.5C.0.5 C. Place the crucible in its recess in the heatingblock, securing the flange under the screw heads against the buoyancy of the Woods metal. Switch the control of the heating blockto compensate for the heat capacity of the crucible. Immediately (in less than 5 s), 5 s),
48、connect the extraction tube of the crucibleto the arm of the glass Y-piece, making a butt joint. Simultaneously, start the pump and the stopwatch and adjust the bleed valveto give a pressure differential of 2020 mm 6 0.2 mm.0.2 mm.NOTE 4When the crucible is in the test position, its flange should be
49、 flush with the top of the heating block. Any protrusion of the crucible flangeabove the heating block may suggest a buildup of Woods metal slag at the bottom of the heating block recess. The heating block and the thermometerrecesses should be cleaned and the Woods metal replaced on a regular basis to avoid the accumulation of slag. Oxidized Woods metal will affect the heattransfer to the crucible and hence may have a deleterious effect on the results obtained.10.9 Adjust the control on the heating block to maintain the block t
