1、Designation: D5801 12Standard Test Method forToughness and Tenacity of Bituminous Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5801; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedure for measuringthe toughness and tenacity of bituminous materials. Typically,the test method has be
3、en used to characterize elastomermodified asphalts, although values for toughness and tenacitymay be obtained for any type of polymer-modified or non-modified asphalt.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions
4、to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionSample mass is given only in SI units.Sample mass as given in SI units should be regarded asstandard. No other units of sample mass are included in thisstandard.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by
5、the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency and many state agen-cies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervoussystem, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury conta
6、iningproducts. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs website http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm - for additional information. Users shouldbe aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containingproducts into your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 This standa
7、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
8、M Standards:2D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD1754 Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on AsphalticMaterials (Thin-Film Oven Test)D2872 Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a MovingFilm of Asphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass T
9、hermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometersE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-tance ThermometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision
10、Liquids3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Atension head of specified size and shape is pulled froman asphalt sample at a rate of 20 in./min (508 mm/min). Acontinuous record of the force versus elongation curve is madeand used to calculate the toughness and the tenacity of thesample. The test is run at roo
11、m temperature 77 6 5F (25 63C), after the sample has been subjected to a specifiedtemperature history.3.2 Toughness is defined in this procedure as the total workrequired to completely separate the tension head from thesample under the specified test conditions. Tenacity is ameasure of the increasin
12、g force as the sample is stretched pastthe initial peak, and may indicate the type and amount ofpolymer used to modify the asphalt. It is defined as the workrequired to stretch the material after the initial resistance isovercome.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in confirming th
13、at an asphaltcement has been modified with a material that provides a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 onRheological Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published May 2013. Or
14、iginallyapproved as Proposal P 243 in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2006 asD5801 95 (2006)1. DOI: 10.1520/D5801-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1significant elastomeric component. Elastomer modified as-phalts can be characterized by their ability to be stretched to a
16、large elongation while at the same time resisting furtherstretching. Toughness and tenacity are two parameters formeasuring this ability.5. Apparatus5.1 Sample ContainerA metal, cylindrical, flat bottomcontainer with a nominal inside diameter of 218 in. (54.0 mm)and a nominal depth of 138 in. (34.9
17、mm) shall be used to holdthe sample. Containers known as tin boxes or seamlessointment boxes with a 3-oz capacity meet these requirements.5.2 Tension HeadThe tension head shall consist of apolished metal, hemispherical head with a716 in. (11.1 mm )radius, which is integrally connected to a14 in. (6.
18、4 mm)diameter stem approximately 1516 in. (33.3 mm) long. Thestem shall be threaded and fitted with a knurled lowering screwto allow for accurate adjustment of the tension head height inthe sample container. The stem of the tension head shall befitted with a small pin to prevent twisting of the head
19、 whileadjusting the height. Dimensions of the tension head are shownin Fig. 1.NOTE 1Brass and stainless steel are acceptable metals for construct-ing tension heads. Aluminum scratches easily and steel rusts, so thesemetals should not be used.5.3 SpiderThe support for the tension head shall consist o
20、fa cylindrical center section through which the stem of thetension head may freely move parallel to the axis of thecylinder. The inner wall of the cylinder shall be grooved toreceive the pin mounted on the stem of the tension head. Thespider cylinder shall be fitted with three arms, equally spacedat
21、 120 degrees, extending from the center and notched toreceive the lip of the sample container, thereby centering thespider and tension head in the sample container. Details of thespider construction are shown in Fig. 2.5.4 Testing MachineAny tensile tester capable of pullingthe tension head at a uni
22、form rate of 20 in./min (508 mm/min),and recording the force versus elongation curve, may be used.The accuracy of the pull rate shall be 62 % or better. Themaximum load capacity shall be at least 100 lb (45.4 kg). Ifpolymer modified asphalts are to be tested after conditioning inthe thin film oven p
23、er Test Method D1754 or the rolling thinfilm oven per Test Method D2872, higher load capacities areFIG. 1 Tension Head and Lowering ScrewD5801 122needed. A maximum load capacity of 200 lb (90.7 kg) issuggested for age conditioned asphalt binder.5.4.1 The tensile tester must be equipped to hold the s
24、amplecontainer firmly in place while the tension head is pulled away.The details of this sample holder will vary with the type oftester used. The tester must have a minimum effective pulllength of 24 in. (609.6 mm) after installing the sample holder.5.5 Water BathA bath capable of maintaining a temp
25、era-ture of 77 6 0.2F (25 6 0.1C) is required. The bath shallhave a perforated shelf supported in a position not less than 2in. (50.8 mm) from the bottom and not less than 4 in. (101.6mm) below the liquid level.5.6 OvenAn oven capable of maintaining a temperature of325 6 10F (162.8 6 5.6C) shall be
26、used to heat the samples.5.7 ThermometerA thermometer for monitoring the tem-perature of the water bath. The thermometer shall be one of thefollowing:5.7.1 A liquid-in-glass thermometer of suitable range withsubdivisions and maximum scale error of 0.2F (0.1C) whichconforms to the requirements of Spe
27、cification E1. The ther-mometer shall be standardized in accordance with one of themethods in Test Method E77.5.7.2 A liquid-in-glass thermometer of suitable range withsubdivisions and maximum scale error of 0.2F (0.1C) whichconforms to the requirements of Specification E2251. Thethermometer shall b
28、e standardized in accordance with one ofthe methods in Specification E77.5.7.3 Aplatinum resistance thermometer (PRT) with a probewhich conforms to the requirements of Specification E1137/E1137M. The PRT shall have a 3- or 4-wire configuration andthe overall sheath length shall be at least 2 in. (50
29、.8 mm)greater than the immersion depth. The PRT system (probe andreadout) shall be standardized in accordance with Test MethodsE644. Corrections shall be applied to ensure measurementswithin 0.2F (0.1C).5.7.4 A metal-sheathed thermistor with a sensor substan-tially similar in construction to the PRT
30、 probe described in5.7.3. The thermistor system (sensor and readout) shall bestandardized in accordance with Test Methods E644 Correc-tions shall be applied to ensure measurements within 0.2F(0.1C).NOTE 2In those cases where the samples are conditioned in thestandard penetration bath, the thermomete
31、r as prescribed for Test MethodD5 may be used.6. Sample Preparation6.1 Bring the sample to a temperature where it is sufficientlyfluid to pour, as described in the following paragraphs.6.1.1 If the sample is at room temperature, place the samplein a loosely covered container in an oven at 325F (162.
32、8C)FIG. 2 Spider AssemblyD5801 123until the sample is at a uniform temperature and sufficientlyfluid to pour. Take care to prevent local overheating of thesample.6.1.2 If the sample is a residual product from an emulsiondistillation test and is already hot, carefully stir the contents inthe still an
33、d immediately pour into containers, as described inthe following paragraphs.6.2 Carefully stir the sample, without incorporating any airbubbles, until the sample is homogenous.6.3 Pour 36 6 0.5 g of sample into each of three samplecontainers.NOTE 3If any air bubbles are present on the surface of the
34、 asphalt,they may be removed by brushing with a soft flame from a butane lighterfor a few seconds.6.4 Immediately place a tension head, mounted in a center-ing spider, into each sample container. Lower the tension head,by means of the knurled leveling screw, until the head isimmersed to the point wh
35、ere the asphalt level is approximately132 in. (1 mm) below the diameter of the tension head.6.4.1 It is important to completely clean the tension headsbefore they are reused. This promotes proper adhesion of thesample to the head. A final wipe with a soft cloth moistenedwith an appropriate residue-f
36、ree solvent such as acetone isnecessary.6.5 Place the sample containers, with the tension heads andspiders in place, in the 325F (162.8C) oven for a period of 15min.6.6 Remove the sample containers and lower the tensionheads until the asphalt is level with the diameter of the tensionheads. Allow the
37、 samples to cool at room temperature for 75 65 min.6.7 Place the sample containers in a water bath maintainedat 77 6 0.2 F (25 6 0.1C) for 75 6 5 min. During this time,prepare the test machine for testing.7. Procedure7.1 Prepare the testing machine to operate at a pull rate of20 in./min (508 mm/min)
38、. Zero the chart pen and make anyother preparations necessary.7.2 Remove the sample container from the water bath andimmediately place in the testing machine. It may be necessaryto remove the centering spider before placing the sample in themachine. The temperature of the room in which testing takes
39、place must be 77 6 5F (25 6 3C).7.3 Pull the tension head from the sample at a rate of 20in./min (508 mm/min) and record the force versus elongationcurve. Continue pulling until the asphalt column breaks, theforce returns to zero, or the extension limit of the machine isreached.NOTE 4The time betwee
40、n removing the samples from the water bathand starting to pull the tension heads should not exceed 3 min. It may behelpful to leave the top of the sample container filled with water whenremoving from the bath. This will help maintain the proper temperature bypreventing surface cooling.8. Calculation
41、8.1 ToughnessThe toughness of the sample is defined asthe work required to separate the tension head from the sampleunder the specified test conditions. It is calculated as the totalarea (in inch-pounds) under the force versus elongation curve.8.2 TenacityThe tenacity of the sample is defined as the
42、work required to stretch the sample after the initial resistancehas been overcome. It is calculated by extending a tangent linefrom the force versus elongation curve as the force decreasesfrom the maximum value until the tangent line intersects thezero force axis. The area under the curve to the rig
43、ht of thetangent line is the tenacity of the sample.8.3 One typical force versus elongation curve for an elasto-mer modified asphalt is shown in Fig. 3. Other shapes of curvesare also common. This figure was included to provide anexample of how to draw the tangent line for calculatingtenacity.8.4 Av
44、ariety of methods is available for calculating the areaunder a curve. Many tensile testers will perform this calcula-tion automatically. Others may be connected to a data acqui-sition system which includes a computer capable of calculatingthe area under the curve. Manual methods include the use of a
45、planimeter, counting squares on gridded chart paper, andcutting out and weighing the appropriate areas of the chartpaper.9. Report9.1 Each sample shall be tested in triplicate. Report theaverage of the three values in inch-pounds for toughness andtenacity. If one of the three tests breaks prematurel
46、y ascompared to the other two, the unusual result shall be consid-ered an invalid test, and the average of the two valid tests shallbe reported.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe following statements are based upon around robin study3measuring the toughness and tenacity ofpolymer modified aspha
47、lts. The limits given do not apply tounmodified asphalts.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D04-1010.FIG. 3 Typical Toughness and Tenacity Curve For an ElastomerModified AsphaltD5801 12410.1.1 The single operator co
48、efficient of variation has beenfound to be 6.8 % for toughness measurements, and 7.3 % fortenacity measurements. Therefore, results of two properlyconducted tests by the same operator on the same sample usingthe same equipment should not differ from each other by morethan 20 % of their average.10.1.
49、2 The multilaboratory coefficient of variation has beenfound to be 11.3 % for toughness measurements and 11.5 % fortenacity measurements. Therefore, results of two properlyconducted tests from two different laboratories on samples ofthe same material should not differ from each other by morethan 32 % of their average.10.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method for measuringtoughness and tenacity has no bias because the values oftoughness and tenacity are defined only in terms of this testmethod.11. Keywords11.1 asphalt cement; pol
