1、Designation: D 5823 05aStandard Test Method forTuft Height of Pile Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of tuft heightusing a grooved specimen holder. It applies to cut-pile andloop-pile floor covering after
3、 adhesive backing has beenapplied to bond the pile yarn to the backing fabric.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard for all measurements. The inch-pound values areprovided for information purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conce
4、rns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Mat
5、erialsD 1909 Table of Commercial Moisture Regains for TextileFibersD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate aMeasure of Quality for a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Te
6、rminology D 5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, levelpile, loop pile yarn floor covering, pile, pile yarn floorcovering, textile floor covering, tuft height, tuft leg, tuftedfabric.3.2 For all other terminology rel
7、ated to textiles see Termi-nology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 For cut pile floor covering, individual tuft leg specimensof like character (either cut or loop and of uniform height) arecut as closely as possible to the surface of the backing of a pilefloor covering sample and placed, one at a
8、time, in a groovedspecimen holder that maintains the tuft yarn in a straight linewhile the length of the tuft leg is measured using a graduatedscale and a magnifying glass.4.2 For loop pile floor covering, the two tuft legs formingthe loop are each severed from the adjacent binding sites at thebacki
9、ng surface to provide a specimen of twice the tuft heightand the length measured as in 4.1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful in quality and cost controlduring the manufacture of pile yarn floor covering. Bothappearance and performance can be affected by changes in thetuft height.
10、5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using this test method for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there isa statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent sta
11、tis-tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens that are as homogeneous as possible and are from alot of material of the type in question. The test specimensshould then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachl
12、aboratory for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using Students t-test forunpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by thetwo parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
13、supplier must agree to interpret future test results in view of theknown bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Grooved Specimen Holder, having a length at least 10 %longer than the longest tuft element to be measured.6.1.1 Specimen Holder, 100-mm (4-in.) long, has beenfound satisfactory for this purpose.6.1.2 The gr
14、ooves shall have a V-shaped cross-section witha 1.05 rad (60) angle at the bottom and widths across the topto accommodate several size yarns as follows:Yarn Bulk Groove WidthsCoarse 4.6 mm (0.18 in.)Medium 3.3 mm (0.13 in.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
15、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved Sept 1, 2005. Published Octo ber 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 582305.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Fine 2.0 mm (0.08 in.)6.1.3 Additional grooves of intermediate width may also beused.6.2 Tuft Cutting Device, angled flush wire cutter,2havingblades approximately 10-mm (38-in.) long, angled 0.44 to 0.61rad (25 to 35) to the plane of the handles and ground flush
17、 soas to permit cutting at the back surface.6.3 Graduated Scale, clear or opaque, measuring to thenearest 0.5 mm (0.01 in.).6.4 Magnifying Glass,53 magnification.6.5 Cover Plates, clear plastic or glass.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleThe basic sampling unit of coated floorcovering is a shipping roll. The
18、number of shipping rollsobtained from each production roll ranges from one to morethan ten.7.1.1 Take a lot sample as directed in Practice E 122 whenstatistical knowledge of the product variability and test methodprecision is available, and decision has been made on themaximum deviation that can be
19、tolerated between the estimateto be made from the sample and the result that would beobtained by measuring every sampling unit of the lot. Other-wise, the number of sampling units in a lot sample and the useof the test results obtained from the individual test sample shallbe in accordance with the m
20、anufacturers quality controlprogram or with the specification agreed to by the purchaserand the supplier.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, take asample from each laboratory sampling unit that is full width byat least 100 mm (4 in.) longer than the strip samples requiredfor the test. Do no
21、t cut a lab sample of coated floor coveringfrom a seam end of a production roll.7.3 Test SampleAtest sample is a designated area of a labsample that may be marked on or cut from the lab sample. Forlab samples 3 m (10 ft) wide or wider, take three test samples,one at each edge no nearer to the edge t
22、han 5 % of the totalfloor covering width, and one in the middle portion of the labsample. For lab samples at least 1.5 m (5 ft) wide but less than3 m (10 ft), take two test samples, one at each edge no nearerto the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering width. For labsamples less than 1.5 m (5 ft
23、) wide, only one test sample in themiddle of the width is required.7.3.1 Where it is known that systematic variations in a floorcovering characteristic may occur in bands 0.5 m (18 in.) ormore in width, as with modular pattern devices having separatecontrols or adjustments for each module, or indivi
24、dual needlecontrol, take test samples from the middle of each band and inthe same area of the pattern.7.3.2 When a full width lab sample is not available, take atest sample as directed in 7.3 and state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimens taken.7.4 Strip Sample From each
25、 test sample, take a stripsample approximately 63 by 250 mm (2.5 by 10 in.), with thelonger dimension parallel to the manufacturing direction.7.5 Test Specimens Test 10 tufts from each strip sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition and maintain the strip samples in the standardatmosphere for testing text
26、iles, 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) and 65 62 % relative humidity, for4horuntil the mass changes nomore than 0.1 % in 2 h.8.2 If the fiber in any layer of the backing has a commercialregain of more than 5 %, the strip sample shall be conditionedbefore measuring. Commercial moisture regains for textilefibers are
27、 listed in the Table in D 1909.9. Procedure9.1 Cut ten tuft legs of each kind of tuft, cut or loop, to bemeasured from the strip samples. Choose the tuft legs to takea nearly equal number of tuft legs of each kind from each stripsample. Sever the leg of each selected tuft leg or loop as closeto the
28、backing surface as possible with the angled flush wirecutter.9.2 Select the groove of the specimen holder appropriate tothe tuft element yarn diameter.9.2.1 The groove is of appropriate size if the bend in themiddle of the tuft element is substantially removed when thegraduated scale or cover plate
29、is placed over the yarn in thegroove. The groove is too small if the fibers of the tuft elementspread beyond the edge of the groove and hold the cover plateabove the specimen holder surface. A deflection of the tuftelement from straightness of as much as 1 mm (0.04 in.) willnot significantly affect
30、the measured tuft length.9.3 Place the extended tuft element in the groove.9.3.1 If a clear graduated scale is used, cover the groovewith the graduations directly over the yarn in the groove andalign the zero graduation with one end of the tuft element.9.3.1.1 If the end of the tuft element is not c
31、ut squarely,visually select a location for measuring that is midway betweenthe extremes of the cut.9.3.2 If an opaque scale is used, place the scale along oneedge of the groove and the clear cover plate above the grooveabutting the scale. Align the zero graduation with one end ofthe tuft element.9.4
32、 Center the magnifying glass immediately above the tuftelement to avoid parallax. Read the graduated scale at theopposite end of the tuft element and record to the nearest 0.5mm (0.01 in.).9.5 Repeat 9.3-9.5 for the remaining tuft elements takenfrom the strip sample.10. Calculations10.1 For each tuf
33、t leg, determine the difference between thetwo readings made in Section 9 to obtain the length of theindividual tuft legs.10.2 Average the lengths of each group of ten tuft legs oflike character to the nearest 0.5 mm (0.01 in.) for each stripsample. For cut-pile floor covering, record this as the tu
34、ftheight.10.2.1 For loop pile floor covering, divide the average tuftleg length obtained in 10.2 by 2, rounding to the nearest 0.5mm (0.01 in.) and record this as the tuft height.2Jensen Tools and Alloys Angled Flush Cutter, Type GA65, has been foundsatisfactory for this purpose.D 5823 05a210.3 Calc
35、ulate the average tuft height of like character foreach laboratory sampling unit and for the lot.11. Report11.1 State that the material was tested as directed in ASTMTest Method D 5823 for determining tuft height. Describe thematerial sampled and the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the following
36、 information:11.2.1 Whether the tuft elements were removed from cutpile or loop pile areas of the floor covering, and, in the case ofmultilevel floor covering, state from which level of pile the tuftelements were removed,11.2.2 The average tuft height for each like character foreach strip sample, la
37、boratory sampling unit, and for the lot.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Interlaboratory Test Datatested in each of fivelaboratories. One operator in each laboratory tested two speci-mens of each material using Test Method D 5823. One of thetwo specimens was tested on one day and one specimen wastested on
38、 a second day. Analysis of the data was conductedusing standard statistical practice. The components of variancefor Tuft Height expressed as standard deviations are listed inTable 1. The material types were:1/10 Gauge Cut Pile1/10 Gauge Cut Pile Graphics12.2 Precision For the components of variance
39、reportedin Table 1, two averages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95% probability level ifthe difference equals or exceeds the critical differences listed inTable 212.3 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D 5823 for mea-suring tuft height has no known bias and may b
40、e used as areferee method.13. Keywords13.1 carpet; construction; pile yarn floor covering; tuftheightTABLE 1 Components of Variance fore Tuft Height as StandardDeviationsMaterial WithinLaboratoryComponentBetweenLaboratoryComponents1/10 GaugeCut Pile0.0000525 0.000113251/10 GaugeCut PileGraphics0.000
41、0525 0.00011325D 5823 05a3ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. CLARIFICATION OF PILE HEIGHT, PILE THICKNESS, AND TUFT HEIGHTA1.1 IntroductionA1.1.1 Confusion sometimes arises in specifying and test-ing pile yarn floor coverings due to the similarity of theterminology describing these distinctly different
42、 methods ofmeasuring the height of the pile in relation to the backing. Eachmethod has a specific purpose and yields different data. Theycannot be compared or interchanged. Problems occur whenspecifications are written using pile height and the testinglaboratory reports pile thickness or tuft height
43、, which may bemore appropriate for the particular product. Measuring pilethickness or tuft height of a typical loop pile carpet by eitherprocedure will yield a difference in the range of 30 to 40 %from the pile height measurement.A1.2 Pile HeightA1.2.1 Pile height is typically used generically by th
44、elayman and by manufacturing personnel in setting machinery.A1.2.2 Pile height is measured by inserting a small gradu-ated ruler into the pile down to the backing and reading theoverall height of the pile. This procedure is subject to signifi-cant variability between technicians and is therefore use
45、d onlyfor rough field work and in machinery settings during themanufacturing process.A1.3 Pile ThicknessA1.3.1 Pile thickness is a technical term used to describe themeasurement of thickness of pile yarn which can be shearedfrom the backing of a carpet.A1.3.2 Pile thickness is the preferred procedur
46、e for preci-sion measurement of loop pile carpets and of cut pile carpetswith a tuft height of less than 6.4 mm (0.25in.). Although it ismore complex, it is very repeatable between different techni-cians and laboratories. It involves the use of a thicknessmeasuring instrument which measures thicknes
47、s of materialsbetween a platen and a circular foot of specified area under aspecified force. In measuring carpet with this device, the totalthickness of pile and backing is measured, the pile shearedaway, and the backing only measured. Pile thickness is thedifference between the two values. The proc
48、edure is compli-cated by remaining pile stubble which cannot be sheared. Referto ASTM Test Method D 5823.A1.4 Tuft HeightA1.4.1 Tuft height, as described in this test method, is alaboratory procedure which is very repeatable. Ten tufts aresevered from the backing with a cutting device, placed into a
49、V-shaped groove in a specimen holder, covered with a clearplate, and measured using a precision scale.A1.4.2 Tuft height is not applicable to cut pile constructionswith tuft heights less than 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) due to theproblems associated with mounting a tuft of this length in thegrooved specimen holder. For this construction, pile thicknessmust be performed.TABLE 2 Critical Differences for Two Averages for theConditions Noted, 95% Probability Level, Tuft Height in Inchesfor Pile Floor CoveringsSingle Fabric Multiple FabricNumber ofDeterminationsWithinLaboratoryBetween
