1、Designation: D 5982 07Standard Test Method forDetermining Cement Content of Fresh Soil-Cement (Heat ofNeutralization Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe cement content of fresh soil-cement. This tes
3、t method canbe used for determining the cement content of specimens thatcontain 3 to 16 % cement. This test method is appropriate forsoil-cement containing up to 55 % plus 4.75 mm (No. 4)sieve-size particles with a maximum particle size of 75 mm (3in.). It should not be used for determining the Clas
4、s F pozzolancontent of these mixtures.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this test method are regarded as theind
5、ustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; it is common practice toi
6、ncrease or reduce significant digits of reported data commen-surate with such considerations. It is beyond the scope of thistest method to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound un
7、its given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of re
8、gulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-te
9、r (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil,
10、 Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataE 644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology D 653 for terms relating to soil.3.1.2 Refer to Terminology C 219 for t
11、erms relating tohydraulic cement.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat of neutralizationthe difference between thetemperature of soil-cement/buffer solution after mixing and theaverage of buffer solution and soil-cement test specimentemperature before mixing.3.2.2 percent cem
12、entpercentage of cement by total massof specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative sample of fresh soil-cement is ob-tained. The temperature of the soil-cement test specimen and abuffer solution are determined separately and recorded. Thebuffer solution is added to the soil-cement test s
13、pecimen and1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approv
14、ed in 2002 as D 5982 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appear
15、s at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.vigorously mixed. After mixing, the temperature of the soil-cement/buffer solution mixture is determined and recorded.The heat of neutralization is calculat
16、ed and, from a previouslyestablished calibration curve, the cement content of the testspecimen is obtained.5. Significance and Use5.1 This procedure provides a means for reliably determin-ing the cement content of soil-cement in approximately 15 to20 min. The procedure can be used to determine the c
17、ementcontent of soil-cement to 61 percentage point by mass of drysample of the actual cement content, that is generally adequatefor most construction control applications.5.2 The buffer solution reacts with the calcium hydroxide inthe cement and may react with calcareous material in the soilto produ
18、ce heat. Any reaction from calcareous soil is accom-modated in the calibration curve but below 3 % cement contentthere is usually insufficient temperature reaction for reliableresults. Because Class F pozzolan may not contain any calciumhydroxide for reaction, this test method will not determineperc
19、entage Class F pozzolan in the mix.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this test method isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of
20、 competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. User of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Appara
21、tus6.1 Balance or Scale Chosen in accordance with Speci-fication D 4753.6.1.1 A typical balance or scale used for obtaining the massof a soil-cement test specimen must be readable to 0.01 kg or0.01 lbm and have a capacity of about 9.1 kg (20 lbm).6.1.2 Atypical balance or scale used for preparing th
22、e buffersolution (see 7.4) must be readable to 0.1 g and have a capacityof about 3000 g.6.2 Digital Thermometer, 0 to 100C range, readable to0.1C, conforming to the requirements of Test Methods E 644.The digital thermometer must be equipped with a thermo-couple probe as short as possible and no more
23、 than (5 in.) inlength.6.3 Specimen Container, leakproof, widemouth plastic(Nalgene) container, 4-L (1-gal) capacity, with screw cap,minimum of three recommended. One cap should be pierced inthe center to allow insertion of the thermometer probe.6.4 Timing Device, A stopwatch or other suitable timin
24、gdevice readable to 1 s.6.5 Glass or Plastic Beaker, Approximately 3000-mL ca-pacity.6.6 Funnel, Widemouth funnel to fit mouth of specimencontainer (see 6.3).6.7 Hand Scoop, Flatbottom and scoop with handle; ap-proximate bowl dimensions, 75 by 150 mm (3-12 by 6 in.).6.8 Gloves, Protective gloves to
25、be worn whenever handlingbuffer solution.6.9 Specimen Container Holder, Angle irons, woodblocks,or other suitable material capable of holding the specimencontainer securely in an inverted position.6.10 Buffer Container, A suitable container with pouringspout or spigot, preferably plastic, of suffici
26、ent capacity to holda buffer solution supply for daily testing. Each test performedrequires 1.5 L of buffer solution.6.11 Pail, Plastic pail, minimum 4-L (1-gal) capacity.6.12 Spoon, Large metal spoon for mixing the soil-cementcalibration test specimens as described in Section 10.6.13 Mixing Contain
27、er, An 11- to 15-L (3- to 4-gal) con-tainer, preferably plastic, used for mixing the soil-cementcalibration test specimens as described in Section 10.6.14 Shovel or Large Scoop, Square faced shovel or largescoop, used for obtaining fresh sample from belt, hopper, truck,or site.7. Reagents and Materi
28、als7.1 Distilled water is to be used for preparing the buffersolution as described in 7.4. Tapwater that is free of acids,alkalies, or oils and is suitable for drinking should be used forrinsing the thermocouple probe and lid.7.2 Sodium Acetate Anhydrous (crystalline) sodium ac-etate, technical grad
29、e or better, 225 g required for each testspecimen.7.3 Glacial Acetic AcidLiquid glacial acetic acid, techni-cal grade or better, 360 g required for each test specimen.7.4 Preparation of Buffer Solution:7.4.1 Prepare 1.5 liters of buffer solution for each specimen.7.4.2 Dissolve 225 g of anhydrous so
30、dium acetate in 500mL of distilled water, stirring constantly.NOTE 2A blender or malt mixer may be used to help dissolve theanhydrous sodium acetate.7.4.3 Add 360 g of glacial acetic acid to the sodiumacetate/water solution prepared in 7.4.2.7.4.4 Add distilled water to bring the final volume to 1.5
31、 L.Mix thoroughly.NOTE 3Subsection 7.4 provides sufficient buffer for one test. If morethan one test is to be performed, the proportions given should be adjustedto provide enough buffer solution to complete testing required for that day(see subsection 7.5).7.5 Buffer solution is to be used within 24
32、 h after it is mixed.8. Safety Hazards8.1 Chemicals used in this procedure contain acid that canbe irritating to exposed skin. Perform this procedure only withadequate ventilation and with rinse water available. Wearrubber gloves, laboratory coat or apron, and safety glasses orgoggles.8.2 After mixi
33、ng the soil-cement/buffer solution and beforeremoving the lid, place a towel over the top of the specimencontainer. The pressure generated while mixing can cause fluidto spray as the lid is removed.9. Technical Hazards9.1 The calibration curve is specific to the mix design andmaterial used. If mix d
34、esign percentages are changed or if thesource of material is changed, a new calibration curve must bedeveloped.D59820729.2 Soil-cement with gravel is highly susceptible to segre-gation during handling. To minimize segregation, use care inobtaining samples, selecting specimens, and during remixingand
35、 testing of the soil-cement specimen.9.3 Soil-cement samples are to be tested within 60 min fromthe time water and cement first come into contact duringmixing at the lab, mixing plant, or on site.9.4 Soil-cement samples must be protected from moistureloss prior to testing.9.5 The temperature differe
36、nce between the buffer solutionand soil-cement specimen should not exceed 4C. If thetemperature difference is equal to or greater than 4C, heat orcool the buffer solution to within 4C of the soil-cementspecimen.9.6 Gelling or stiffening of the soil-cement/buffer solutionmixture may occur when testin
37、g specimens having cementcontents greater than 16 %. If this occurs, the ratio of mass ofbuffer solution to mass of soil-cement specimen (1.65 kg buffersolution to 1.50 kg soil-cement) (3.64 to 3.30 lbm) given in thistest method cannot be used and a new mass ratio must beestablished.9.7 The buffer s
38、olution used in the test method consists ofglacial acetic acid, water, and sodium acetate. Glacial aceticacid is corrosive and ignitable and gives a distinct vinegar odorto the buffer mixture. Sodium acetate and calcium acetate (areaction product) are not considered to be toxic or hazardouschemicals
39、. The acidity of the buffer solution changes from pH2 to pH 5.2 during testing and can be disposed of with thecement waste. If, after testing, a higher pH value is desired orif there is unreacted buffer solution, additional cement or limemay be added to the mixture prior to disposal.10. Sampling10.1
40、 Obtain a fresh soil-cement sample using either themethod described in 10.1.1 or 10.1.2. The method selecteddepends upon the reason for testing. Subsection 10.1.1 is to beused if the production process at the mixing plant is to bechecked. Subsection 10.1.2 is to be used during placement ofsoil-cemen
41、t at the time of construction.10.1.1 Using a square faced shovel or large scoop, obtain aminimum 2-kg (5-lbm) sample from the mixing plant. Thesample should be taken immediately after the soil-cement isdeposited in the truck or onto the site. Segregation of the gravelfraction may occur during the du
42、mping. When obtaining thesample, visually observe if it appears representative of thespecified mixture proportions. If the sample does not appearrepresentative, it should be discarded and a new sampleobtained. Place the soil-cement sample in a large air-tightbucket or other suitable container (see 9
43、.2-9.4 ).10.1.2 Using a shovel or large scoop, obtain a minimum2-kg (5-lbm) sample from the material obtained at the con-struction site for density or compressive strength testing, orboth. When obtaining the sample, visually observe if it appearsrepresentative of the specified mixture proportions. I
44、f thesample does not appear representative, it should be discardedand a new sample obtained. Place the soil-cement sample in alarge air-tight bucket or other suitable container (see 9.2-9.4).11. Calibration and Standardization11.1 Record all calibration data on an appropriate form orby electronic me
45、ans. One example of a form that meets the datarequirements is the form shown in Fig. 1.11.2 Establish a calibration curve by determining the heat ofneutralization of soil-cement test specimens prepared at knowncement contents that bracket the value of percent cement to beused for construction.11.3 P
46、repare nine 1.50 kg (3.30 lbm) soil-cement calibrationspecimens using the percentages of gravel, minus 4.75 mm(No. 4) material, and water as determined when the mixturewas proportioned. The amount of cement added to the calibra-tion specimens should be as follows: three calibration speci-mens should
47、 be two percentage points less cement than thatspecified for construction, three specimens two percentagepoints greater, and three specimens having the same percentcement as specified for construction. An example mixtureproportion calculation for one 1.50 kg (3.30 lbm) specimen isshown on Fig. 2. No
48、te that, in the example, water contentvalues are required and were previously determined in accor-dance with Test Method D 2216 in order to calculate thequantity of each size material needed.11.3.1 In four separate containers place the mass, deter-mined to the nearest 0.01 kg or 0.01 lbm, of gravel,
49、 minus 4.75mm (No. 4) material, water and cement for one 1.50 kg (3.30lbm) soil-cement calibration specimen.11.3.2 Combine the gravel and minus 4.75 mm (No. 4)material with one-half the required amount of water in an 11-to 15-L (3- to 4-gal) container. Mix thoroughly using a largespoon or other suitable mixing device. Ensure that the gravel isevenly wetted and that no dry clods of minus 4.75 mm (No. 4)material are present in the calibration specimen.11.3.3 Add the cement and the remainder of the water to thecalibration specimen. Mix thoroughly to ensure an evendistribut
