1、Designation: D5998 16Standard Specification forMolded Polyethylene Shipping and Storage Drums1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5998; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers self supporting, moldedpolyethylene, tight head drums designed for surface and airshipment, ranging in size f
3、rom 5 gal (19 L) to and including 55gal (208 L).1.2 Virgin or recycled polyethylene plastics2or combina-tions thereof can be used provided the finished product meetsthe requirements of this specification.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.NOTE 2This standard is intended to repla
4、ce MIL-D-43703C.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to SI units that provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
5、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1
6、972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products(Withdrawn 2014)4D3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD4504 Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous GoodsD4919 Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials PackagingsD7209 Guide for Waste Reductio
7、n, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (With-drawn 2015)42.2 ANSI Standards:5ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspectionby Attributes2.3 Federal Regulations:621 CFR 121 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act andRegulations Promulgated Thereunder21 CFR 177
8、 Indirect Food Additives: Polymers49 CFR 173 ShippersGeneral Requirements for Ship-ments and Packagings49 CFR 178 Specifications for Packaging2.4 National Sanitation Foundation International:7NSF Standard No. 2 Food Service EquipmentNSF Standard No. 51 Plastics Materials and ComponentsUsed in Food S
9、ervice Equipment3. Terminology3.1 For definitions or terms, see Terminology D883 orGuide D7209.4. Requirements4.1 MaterialsDrums shall conform to 49 CFR 173.24 and178.509 Type 1H1. The drum material and components shallconform to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, FoodAdditiveAmendment 21 CFR
10、177, 1520 and NSF InternationalStandard No. 2 and 51 when used for food products. Recycledplastic can be used when practical as long as the finishedproduct meets the requirements of this specification.4.2 Design and ConstructionDrums shall conform to 49CFR 173.24 and 178.509, Type 1H1. Drums shall b
11、e molded ofmaterials specified in 4.1. Five gallon (19 L) drums shall befurnished with one or two carrying handles. Fifteen gallon (57L) drums shall be furnished with one or two handles on the topor without handles. Drums greater than 20 gal shall be1This specification is under the jurisdiction of A
12、STM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5998 - 10. DOI:10.1520/D5998-16.2As defined in Guide
13、 D7209.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard
14、 is referenced onwww.astm.org.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:
15、/www.access.gpo.gov.7Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., AnnArbor, MI 48113-0140, http:/www.nsf.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
16、United States1fabricated so that they can be individually handled by custom-ary handling devices. Handling devices shall withstand thecombined lifted weight of the drum and contents. Rolling ringson drums are optional, and when specified, a minimum of twoare required.4.2.1 OpeningsThe 5-gal (19-L) d
17、rum shall have oneopening on the top except when specified (see 7.2) an air ventshall be added diametrically opposite the top opening. The15-gal, 30-gal, and 55-gal (57-L, 114-L, and 208-L) drumsshall have two openings. The opening shall not exceed 2.7 in.(69 mm) in diameter, and when specified shal
18、l have either acommercial clinch-on closure (flexible or reversible spout) ormolded-in opening. The molded-in opening for the 5-gal(19-L) drum shall be externally threaded to accept a buttressthreaded cap closure, an internally threaded opening to acceptan NPS plug, or a commercial clinch-on closure
19、. Themolded-in opening for the 15-gal, 30-gal, and 55-gal (57-L,114-L, and 208-L) drums shall have molded-in internal NPS orbuttress threads (see 4.2.1.1). There shall be not less than twoand one half buttress threads. The closure for flexible spoutshall be a metal or plastic screw cap or plug havin
20、g not lessthan two continuous full threads that match the opening and ofsufficient length to completely engage a minimum of twothreads when the cap with gasket or cap liner in place isscrewed in.4.2.1.1 Plug and GasketThe buttress plug and gasket shallbe made of material resistant to the lading and
21、shall have notless than two continuous external buttress threads that matchthe internal thread of the opening. The plug shall have a34-in.(20-mm) NPS center reducer with molded-in diaphragm. The34-in. (20-mm) center reducer without molded diaphragm shallaccept a34-in. (20-mm) NPT plug as allowed by
22、appropriateshipping and storage regulations. Vented closure devices shallbe used for surface shipments only as allowed by appropriateshipping and storage regulations.4.2.1.2 Safety SealsWhen specified, commercial safetyseals shall be furnished with each drum for application to allopenings of the dru
23、m. The safety seals shall either be fabricatedfrom a corrosion-resistant material, or be coated with acorrosion-resistant finish. The safety seals shall be crimpedonto the drums in such a manner that the seals are deformedand cannot be reused once they have been removed. The safetyseals shall have i
24、nstructions printed on them that describe themethod of removal unless superseded by more importantinformation such as a caution statement. Safety seals on drumscontaining food or potable water shall meet food contactrequirements of 4.1.4.2.1.3 Torque Indicating or Torque Limiting PlugWrenchTorque wr
25、enches capable of applying specified clo-sure torque are to be used for tightening all closures asnecessary.4.3 MarkingDrum markings shall conform to 49 CFRSubpart L and other appropriate requirements. Also, the manu-facturers recommended closure torque range for prevention ofleakage from threaded c
26、losure shall be durably marked bymeans of embossing, labeling, stenciling, lithographing, silkscreening or stamping on the drum when a specified torquerequirement is needed to meet performance requirements.Unless otherwise specified, the markings shall be embossed onthe sidewall or bottom head of th
27、e drum in characters not lessthan12 in. (13 mm) high. Unless otherwise specified, the tophead of each drum shall be marked “DO NOT REUSE FORFOOD.” The marking shall be embossed or indelibly stenciledin a contrasting color in capital letters not less than12 in. (13mm) high.4.4 CapacityThe minimum act
28、ual capacity shall be notless than rated capacity plus 4 %. The maximum actualcapacity shall be not greater than the applicable rated capacity(see 1.2) plus 15 % for 5-gal (19-L) drums and shall not begreater than rated capacity plus 10 % for drums 15 gal (57 L)and over.4.5 PerformanceIn addition to
29、 the requirements specifiedherein, drums shall not show cracks or leaks when subjected totests specified in 5.3.5. Drums with repaired bodies andcomponents shall not be acceptable.4.6 WorkmanshipThe finished drums shall be free oflumps, blisters, or flash. The threads of the openings and plugsshall
30、be clean, well formed, free of excess flash, and distortion.The seal of the openings and plugs shall be smooth and free ofany defects that can affect the functionality of the closure. Thecolor shall be uniform. The drum interior shall be clean andfree of foreign matter. The caps and spouts shall be
31、clean, freeof excess flash or metal, and distortion.5. Quality Assurance Provisions5.1 Sampling inspection as part of manufacturing operationsis an acceptable practice to ascertain conformance to require-ments.5.2 Quality Conformance InspectionUnless otherwisespecified, sampling for inspection shall
32、 be performed as agreedby parties involved or per regulations involved or in accor-dance with Practice ANSI Z1.4.5.2.1 The end items shall be examined for conformance tothe specified dimensions and for capacity. Any dimension notwithin the specified tolerance or any drum not meeting itscapacity as s
33、pecified in 4.4, shall be classified as a defect. Thedrums shall be examined for capacity in accordance with 5.3.6.The lot size shall be expressed in units of drums of one size.The sample unit shall be one drum.5.2.2 Drums shall be selected randomly for testing and shallbe subjected to tests specifi
34、ed in 5.3. Testing parameters andfailure criteria shall conform to the requirements for 49 CFR178, Subpart M or other regulations appropriate.5.3 Methods of InspectionDrums are to be tested inaccordance with the requirements for Packaging Group IIunless other requirements prevail.5.3.1 Drop TestDrum
35、s shall be tested in accordance with49 CFR 178.603.5.3.2 Leakproofness TestDrums shall be tested for leak-proofness in accordance with 49 CFR 178.604.5.3.3 Hydrostatic Pressure TestDrums shall be tested inaccordance with 49 CFR 178.605.5.3.4 Stacking TestDrums shall be tested in accordancewith 49 CF
36、R 178.606.D5998 1625.3.5 Handling TestThe drum shall be filled with water to98 % 6 2 % of rated capacity. The handling device to be testedshall be used to lift the drum to a height of 3 ft (914 mm), thenlowered to the ground. This shall be repeated twice and thenheld at a height of 3 ft (914 mm) for
37、 a period of 10 min. Failureto comply with the requirements of 3.2 shall be cause forrejection of the item.5.3.6 Capacity TestThe overflow capacity, Vo, in gallons(litres) of the drum shall be determined by pouring fresh waterat 68 6 2F (20 6 1C) into the drum until no more water canbe added and rec
38、ording the weight, W2, in pounds (kilograms).Subtract the initial weight, W1, in pounds (kilograms) of thedrum and calculate the overflow capacity, in gallons (litres).The outage is the capacity excess between the rated (marked)capacity, V, in gallons (litres) and the overflow capacity.Calculate the
39、 overflow capacity and outage using the followingformulas:Example:overflow capacity 5 Vo, gal 5W2,lb 2 W1,lb8.33, lb/gal(1)where:W1= initial weight, lb, andW2= final weight, lb.outage %! 5100Vo 2 Vrated !Vrated(2)where:Vo = overflow capacity, gal, andVrated= rated capacity, gal.6. Product Marking6.1
40、 Containers intended to transport hazardous materialsmust be marked in conformance to the requirements of 49 CFR178.503.6.2 Containers not intended to transport hazardous materialsmust be legibly and permanently embossed in characters atleast 0.47 in. (12 mm) in height. Markings must show thefollowi
41、ng information:6.2.1 Manufacturers name or registered trademark.6.2.2 Container rated capacity with units (gallons or litres,or both).6.2.3 Minimum wall thickness with units (inches or milli-metres) if required for reuse.6.2.4 Month and year of manufacture (date check or otherlegible method). No min
42、imum letter height requirement.NOTE 3In order to facilitate identification for recycling or re-use, eachdrum should be marked to identify the material of composition inconformance with the appropriate ASTM or ISO standards.7. Packaging7.1 PackingPacking shall be commercial.7.1.1 Commercial PackingDr
43、ums shall be packed in ac-cordance with Practice D3951 if specified.7.2 MarkingIn addition to any special marking requiredby the contract or order, shipments shall be marked inaccordance with Practice D3951, as applicable.8. Keywords8.1 barrel; container; plastic container; polyethylene drum;recycle
44、d plasticSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D5998 - 10)that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2016)(1) Upated wording in 1.3.(2) Added title to reference document in 2.3.(3) Deleted documents in old
45、2.4, which were not referenced inthe standard.(4) Editorially changed Eq 2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity
46、 of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments
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48、received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copie
49、s) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 163
