1、Designation: D 6024 07Standard Test Method forBall Drop on Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) toDetermine Suitability for Load Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method explains the determination of theability of Controlled Low Strengt
3、h Material (CLSM) to with-stand loading by repeatedly dropping a metal weight onto thein-place material.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,calc
4、ulated, or recorded in this test method is not directly relatedto the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design orother uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained usingthis standard is beyond its scope.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-p
5、ound equivalents are shown for informa-tion only.1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled densityfill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,“K-Krete,” and other similar names.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
6、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning: Freshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue up
7、on prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rocka
8、s Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test CylindersD 6023 Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, Cement Con-tent, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Controlled LowStrength Material (CLSM)D 6026 Practice for
9、 Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal DataD 6103 Test Method for Flow Consistency of ControlledLow Strength Material (CLSM)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms in this test method,refer to Terminology C 125 and D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Cont
10、rolled Low Strength Material (CLSM), na mix-ture of soil or aggregates, cementitious material, fly ash, waterand sometimes chemical admixtures, that hardens into amaterial with a higher strength than the soil, but less than 8400kPa (1200 psi).3.2.1.1 DiscussionUsed as a replacement for compactedback
11、fill, CLSM can be placed as a slurry, a mortar, or acompacted material and typically has strengths of 350 to 700kPa (50 to 100 psi) for most applications.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Astandard cylindrical weight is dropped five times froma specific height onto the surface of in-place CLSM. Thediamet
12、er of the resulting indentation is measured and comparedto established criteria. The indentation is inspected for any freewater brought to the surface from the impact.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used primarily as a field test todetermine the readiness of the CLSM to accept loads p
13、rior toadding a temporary or permanent wearing surface.5.2 This test method is not meant to predict the load bearingstrength of a CLSM mixture.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization Wit
14、hAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 6024 02.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standard
15、s, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internat
16、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests thatcan be performed on CLSM during construction to monitorcompliance with specification requirements. The other teststhat can be used during construct
17、ion control are Test MethodsD 4832, D 6023, and D 6103.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally cons
18、idered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those
19、factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Ball-drop Apparatusa Ball Penetration Apparatus(Kelly Ball) that consists of a cylinder with a ball-shapedbottom and handle, together weighing 1415 kg (3033 lbs).The cylindrical weight may be machined from metal stock orcast or spun with a smooth finish. A stirrup or frame gu
20、ides thehandle (Fig. 1).6.1.1 Blockspieces of wood, or ultra high molecularweight plastic (UHMW) that are 9 cm (312 in.) high are usedto elevate the stirrups to the proper height. The stirrups must becentered on the blocks to avoid tipping, and attached securelyto the stirrups so shifting does not o
21、ccur. The blocks shall beparallel to each other and perpendicular to the main stirrupframe. The blocks must not interfere with the ball-dropapparatus. Each block shall have the minimum dimension of 9cm (312 in.) wide by 18 cm (7 in.) long with a minimumbearing area of 155 cm2(24 in2).6.2 Measuring D
22、evicea ruler, metal roll-up measuringtape, or similar rigid or semi-rigid length measuring instrumentmarked in increments of 3 mm (1/8 in.) or smaller capable ofmeasuring the diameter of the indentation.7. Procedure7.1 The surface of the CLSM will need to be as level aspossible either by self-leveli
23、ng or by slight brooming actionwith hand tools. Set the elevated base of the apparatus on theleveled CLSM surface, with the handle in a vertical positionand free to slide through the frame. Put slight pressure on theframe with your free hand to stabilize the device. Lift thehandle as far as possible
24、 allowing the top surface of the ball tocontact the underside of the stirrup frame. Release the weightallowing it to free fall to the surface of the CLSM. Repeat thisfor a total of five consecutive times at each location tested.Before testing a new location of the in-place CLSM removeany material th
25、at has adhered to the ball from previous testing.7.2 Measure the diameter of the indentation left by the ballwith a measuring device (Note 2). If the diameter of indenta-tion is#76 mm (#3 in.) then the CLSM is suitable for the loadapplication. If the diameter of indentation is 76 mm (3 in.)then the
26、CLSM is unsuitable or not ready for load application.NOTE 2It has been shown under limited use that an indentation of#76 mm (#3 in.) is suitable for normal load application.7.3 Inspect the indentation for visible surface water or sheenbrought to the surface by the dropping action of the ball. Thesur
27、face should look similar to that before the test with theexception of an indentation. The presence of surface waterindicates that the CLSM is unsuitable or not ready for loadapplication.8. Report8.1 Report the following:8.1.1 Project Identification,8.1.2 Location of test,8.1.3 Identification of indi
28、vidual performing the testmethod,8.1.4 Date test is performed, and8.1.5 Identification of CLSM mixture.8.2 Report the following information:8.2.1 Visible surface water or sheen brought to the surfaceby the dropping action,8.2.2 Irregularities on the surface of the in place CLSM,such as indentations
29、left by the blocks or severe cracking, and8.2.3 Diameter of indentation to nearest 3 mm (18 in.).9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionTest data on precision is not presented dueto the nature of this test method. It is either not feasible or toocostly at this time to have ten or more agencies participat
30、e inan in situ testing program at a given site.9.1.1 The Subcommittee D18.15 is seeking any data fromusers of the test method that might be used to make a limitedstatement on precision.9.2 BiasThere is no accepted reference value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.10. Keywords
31、10.1 backfill; ball drop apparatus; bearing; CLSM; con-struction control; early load; flowable fill; mix design; qualitycontrol; soil stabilization; surface water; wearing surfaceMetric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm18 3.2 458 11712 13 512 14058 16 558 1431 25 9 228112 38 12 305376FIG. 1 Ball-drop Apparat
32、usD6024072SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 6024 02) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved November 1, 2007.)(1) Added additional safety warning with footnote to 1.5.(2) Updated Section 6 to describe
33、the equipment available tothe industry.(3) Revised Section 7.1 for clarity and corrected typographicalerror in 7.2.(4) Added 8.1.5 to include identification of mixture.(5) Revised Fig. 1 to match equipment accessible to theindustry.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any
34、patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revis
35、ion at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your c
36、omments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrig
37、hted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6024073
