1、Designation: D6064 11 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forHFC-227ea, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (CF3CHFCF3)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6064; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for HFC-227eaas a fire-fighting medium.1.2 This specification does not
3、 address the fire-fightingequipment or hardware that employs HFC-227ea or the con-ditions of employing such equipment (for example, handhelds,fixed installations, etc.).1.3 This specification does not address the storage ortransportation of HFC-227ea. Storage, handling, and transpor-tation issues ma
4、y be addressed in future ASTM specifications.1.4 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 5, of thi
5、s specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.Speci
6、fic hazards statements are given in Note1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ISO Standards:ISO 3363 Fluorochlorinated Hydrocarbons for IndustrialUse-Determination of Acidity-Titrimetric Method2ISO 3427 Gaseous Halogenated Hydrocarbons (LiquefiedGases)Taking of a Sample2ISO 5789 Fluorinated Hydrocarbons for
7、Industrial Use-Determination of Nonvolatile Residue22.2 ASRE Standard:ASRE Standard 3433. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 HFChydrofluorocarbon; a chemical compound inwhich the compound molecule is comprised exclusively ofhydrogen and fluorine and carbon atoms.3.1.
8、2 HFC-227eathe compound 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane; CF3CHFCF3.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe terminology system for fluorine-containing compounds (described in detail in ASRE Stan-dard 34) provides a convenient means to reference the structureof individual compounds. By definition, the first digit of t
9、henumbering system represents one less than the number ofcarbon atoms in the compound molecule; the second digit, onemore than the number of hydrogen atoms in the compoundmolecule; and the third digit, the number of fluorine atoms inthe compound molecule. For molecules containing three car-bon atoms
10、, two appended letters are added to indicate thesymmetry of the molecule. The first appended letter indicatesthe substitution on the central (C2) carbon; for example, thesubstitution CHF is assigned the designation “e.” The secondappended letter indicates the substitution at the C1 and C3carbons; fo
11、r example, identical substitution on the C1 and C3carbons are assigned the designation “a.” For example, thedesignation HFC-227ea indicates three carbon atoms (2 + 1),one hydrogen atom (21), and seven fluorine atoms; thedesignation “e” indicates that the central carbon is substitutedas CHF, and the
12、designation“ a” indicates that the substitutionon Carbons C1 and C3 is identical, that is, the structure isCF3CHFCF3.4. Material Requirements4.1 Type IMixtures of HFC-227ea and Nitrogen:4.1.1 The nitrogen (N2) partial pressure shall be such thatthe safe working pressure of the receiving vessel is no
13、texceeded. To prevent excessive pressure, the fill density ofHFC-227ea within a container should not exceed that needed toachieve complete filling of the container at the maximumenvisaged storage temperature. For example, for the U.S. DOT4BA500 cylinder, the nitrogen partial pressure shall not excee
14、d21.8 bar at 21C (316 psig at 70F) for a 1150-kg/m3(72-lb/ft3)fill density (yielding a total pressure of 25.8 bar at 21C (360psig at 70F). For this example, the safe working pressure ofthe 4BA500 cylinder is not exceeded for temperatures below54C (130F).1This specification is under the jurisdiction
15、of ASTM Committee D26 onHalogenated Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D26.09 on Fire Extinguishing Agents.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D60
16、6411. DOI:10.1520/D6064-11R15.2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.3American Society of Refrigeration Engineers, Refrigeration Engineering 65,1957, p. 49.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
17、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.2 HFC-227ea shall conform to the requirements pre-scribed in Table 1 when tested by the appropriate test meth-od(s) listed in Section 6.4.1.3 When a material analysis is required, by agreementbetween the purchaser and the supplier, the to
18、tal pressure in theHFC-227ea container, partial pressure of the N2, the fill densityof HFC-227ea within the container, and the maximum safestorage temperature shall be part of the material analysis(certification). The pressure shall be reported in bar (preferred)or pound-force per square inch gage.
19、The fill density shall bereported in kilograms per cubic metre at 21C (preferred) orpounds per cubic foot at 70F. The maximum safe storagetemperature of the HFC-227ea container shall be reported indegrees Celsius (preferred) or in degrees Fahrenheit and shallconform to applicable regulations for the
20、 HFC-227ea containerdesign and use.4.2 Type IIHFC-227eaHFC-227ea shall conform to therequirements of Type I, as listed in 3.1, and shall contain nomore than 1.5 % by volume fixed gases in vapor phase,expressed as air when tested by the appropriate test method(s)listed in Section 6.4.3 By agreement b
21、etween the purchaser and the supplier,analysis may be required and limits established for elements orcompounds not specified in Table 1.4.4 Unless otherwise specified, Type II is assumed.NOTE 1Prolonged exposure to concentrations of HFC-227ea in excessof 10.5 % by volume in air during periods of ele
22、vated adrenaline couldproduce cardiac arrhythmia in some personnel.5. Sampling5.1 Samples of HFC-227ea, taken from the liquid phase,shall be taken from filled containers in accordance with themethod specified in ISO 3427. The sampling cylinder shall becapable of safely resisting the vapor pressure o
23、f the sample atthe highest temperature that could be encountered.5.2 The HFC-227ea selected in accordance with 5.1 shall betested for quality conformance in accordance with Section 6.The presence of one or more defects shall be cause forrejection.6. Test Methods6.1 Purity:6.1.1 Determine the purity
24、by gas-liquid chromatography inaccordance with the technique described in 6.1.2 6.1.5 oranother acceptable laboratory technique providing equivalentresults.6.1.2 ApparatusThe following special apparatus is re-quired to determine the percent of HFC-227ea:6.1.2.1 Gas Chromatograph, capable of programm
25、ed tem-perature operation and equipped with a thermal conductivitydetector.6.1.2.2 Column, 3.1-m by 5-mm outside diameter (2.6-mminner diameter) glass tubing, packed with 80 to 120 meshCarbopack B4or equivalent.6.1.2.3 Gas Sampling Valve, 10-mL volume or a volumesufficient to achieve proper separati
26、on in the specified column.6.1.2.4 Glass Syringe, 20-mLHamilton B-D,5or equivalent.6.1.2.5 Three-Way Purge/Isolation Valve, Hamilton 86727miniature inert valve with Luer Lock fittings,5or equivalent.6.1.3 ReagentsThe carrier gas shall be a chromatographicgrade of helium. The column packing shall con
27、sist of astandard solution, for example 3 % (weight/weight) methylsilicone,5on 80 to 120-mesh Carbopack B5(or equivalent).6.1.4 Procedure:6.1.4.1 Install the column and adjust the temperature of thecolumn oven to 30C, injection port to 100C, and detectorblock to 150C. The temperature should be progr
28、ammed to rise10 to 15C/min (from an initial temperature of 30C), to amaximum of 100C.6.1.4.2 Adjust the helium flow to 25 mL/min.6.1.4.3 Adjust the detector voltage to 8 V or to the mid-range of the thermal conductivity detector (TCD) instrumentbeing used and allow the instrument to stabilize.6.1.4.
29、4 Take the sample from the vapor phase; collectapproximately 20 mL in the glass syringe.6.1.4.5 Purge the sample loop with approximately 10 mL ofsample from the syringe and transfer the sample into thechromatographic system.6.1.4.6 Allow the sample to elute, for approximately 18min, attenuating as n
30、ecessary to make the peak heights aconvenient size. Under proper instrument settings, the HFC-227ea should elute after approximately 5 min.6.1.5 Calculation:6.1.5.1 Calculate percent HFC-227ea as follows:%HFC 2 227ea 5ACF3CHFCF3! 3100As(1)where:A(CF3CHFCF3) = area of the HFC-227ea peak, andAs = sum
31、of the area of all peaks, excludingthe nitrogen peak.Percent HFC-227ea below that specified in Table 1 shallconstitute failure of this test method.6.1.5.2 Calculate percent nitrogen as follows:%N25An 3100As(2)where:An = area of nitrogen peak, andAs = sum of the area of all other peaks, including the
32、nitrogen peak.4Available from Alltech, 2051 Waukegan Road, Deerfield, IL 60015.5Available from Hamilton Co., P.O. Box 10030, Reno, NV 89520-0012.TABLE 1 RequirementsProperty RequirementHFC-227ea purity 99.0 %, mol/mol, minAcidity (exclusive of any N2present)2.0 ppm by mass, as HCL, maxWater content
33、ppm by mass, max 10 ppm by mass, maxNonvolatile residue 0.05 g/100 mL, maxHalogen ion passes testSuspended matter or sediment none visibleD6064 11 (2015)2It is useful to calculate percent nitrogen in order to judge asafe fill density.6.2 AcidityVaporize a large sample, in the presence ofdistilled wa
34、ter. Determine the acidity of the solution by theappropriate method described in ISO 3363, 6.2.1 of thisstandard, 6.2.2 of this standard, a pH indicator, or anotheracceptable laboratory technique providing equivalent results.6.2.1 Acidity by Sodium Hydroxide Titration:6.2.1.1 Reagents:6.2.1.2 Sodium
35、 Hydroxide, 0.01 N solution, standardizedwith reagent grade potassium hydrogen phthalate, or standard-ized by the supplier.6.2.1.3 Methyl Red Indicator, 0.1 % aqueous solution.6.2.1.4 ProcedureFill a suitable gas sampling cylinderwith liquid HFC-227ea, and weigh the cylinder. Place 50 mLofa crushed
36、ice-distilled water slurry in a 250-mL stopperedErlenmeyer flask, slowly add the HFC-227ea under the slurrysurface, and then reweigh the sample cylinder. Place thestopper in the flask loosely and swirl the flask gently from timeto time until the ice has melted completely. Add one drop ofmethyl red i
37、ndicator, and if a reddish color remains, titrate to ayellow endpoint with 0.01 N sodium hydroxide solution. Runa crushed ice-distilled water blank (with no HFC-227ea) alongwith the sample.6.2.1.5 CalculationCalculate parts per million hydrogenchloride as follows:HCl, ppm 5 A 2 B! 3N 30.03645 3106we
38、ight of sample, g (3)where:A = volume of NaOH titrated in sample, mL,B = volume of NaOH titrated in the blank, mL,N = normality of NaOH,W = weight of HFC-227ea, g, andwhere:0.03645 106= factor to express result as ppm HCl (hydro-gen chloride).Acidity in excess of the amount specified in Table 1 shal
39、lconstitute failure of this test.6.2.2 Acidity by Universal Indicator:6.2.2.1 Apparatus:6.2.2.2 Fritted Glass Sparger, of coarse porosity, containedin a 100-mL glass scrubbing bottle provided with inlet andoutlet tubes.6.2.2.3 Neoprene Connecting Tubing.6.2.2.4 Wet Test Meter, 0.1 ft3revolution.6.2.
40、2.5 Needle Valve Control.66.2.2.6 Reagent Universal Indicator,7with color chart, orequivalent.6.2.2.7 ProcedurePrepare neutralized distilled water byadding 0.4 mL of universal indicator solution to 100 mL ofdeionized water, and titrate with 0.01 N sodium hydroxide untilthe water shows a pH of 7.0 wh
41、en compared to the UniversalColor Chart. Add 50 mL of the neutralized water to the glassscrubbing bottle fitted with the glass gas sparger. Attach aneedle valve control to the sample cylinder, and connect thecylinder, inverted, to an empty safety trap. Connect the safetytrap outlet to the scrubbing
42、bottle inlet. Connect the scrubbingbottle outlet to the inlet of the wet test meter. Open the needlevalve slowly and pass 20 L of sample through the scrubber ata flow rate of approximately 500 mL/min. Turn off the needlevalve and disconnect the sample cylinder from the scrubbingbottle. Transfer 10 t
43、o 12 mL of water solution to a clean testtube. Add 0.3 mL of universal indicator solution and swirl.Read the pH of the solution by comparison with the universalcolor chart. Report the pH reading. No observable change inpH indicates an acidity of less than 3.0 ppm.6.3 Water ContentTest HFC-227ea for
44、water content. Theanalysis may be conducted by the phosphorus pentoxidemethod, infrared absorption, electrolytic moisture analysis,piezoelectric analyzer, or another acceptable laboratory tech-nique. The accuracy of the results and the standard methodshould be by orthodox Karl Fischer method. Water
45、contentgreater than specified in Table 1 shall constitute failure of thistest.6.4 Qualitative Test for Fluoride IonTest a sample for thepresence of fluoride ions in accordance with 6.4.1 through6.4.3 or by another acceptable laboratory technique providingequivalent results. Generally, a sample treat
46、ed with a saturatedaqueous solution of calcium chloride shall exhibit no turbidityor precipitation of calcium fluoride.6.4.1 Apparatus:6.4.1.1 Fritted Glass Gas Sparger, of coarse or A porosity,contained in a 100-mL glass scrubbing bottle provided withinlet and outlet tubes.6.4.1.2 Neoprene Tubing.6
47、.4.1.3 Wet Test Meter, 0to1ft3/revolution.6.4.1.4 Needle Valve Control.76.4.2 Reagents:6.4.2.1 Calcium Chloride, saturated solution in water.6.4.3 ProcedureAdd 10 mL of saturated calcium chloridesolution to the scrubber assembly. Attach a needle valvecontrol to the sample cylinder. Connect the sampl
48、e cylinder inthe upright position to an empty safety trap with neoprenetubing. Connect the outlet of the safety trap to the inlet of thescrubbing bottle assembly with neoprene tubing. Connect theoutlet of the scrubbing bottle assembly to the inlet of the wettest meter. Open the needle valve slowly a
49、nd pass approxi-mately 2 L of sample through the scrubber at a flow rate ofapproximately 100 mL/min. Turn off the needle valve anddisconnect the scrubber assembly from the sample cylinder andthe wet test meter. Examine the contents of the scrubbervisually for the presence of turbidity. Report the fluoridepresent if any turbidity develops. The appearance of anyturbidity shall constitute failure of this test.6.5 Suspended Matter and SedimentExamine visually forany suspended matter or sediment. Observation of any sus-pended matter or sediment shall
