1、Designation: D 6073 96 (Reapproved 2001)Standard Test Method forRelative Setting of Heatset Printing Inks by the SinvatrolTester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the procedure for determin-ing the relative setting speed of heatset ink
3、s using a specifictester.21.2 This test method is applicable to printing inks intendedto be dried by the application of heat and for which a suitablereference standard is available.1.3 Although heatset inks are normally printed by the offsetprocess, this test method specifies the direct letterpress
4、modebecause the higher ink film thicknesses obtained tend toamplify subtle differences in ink setting speed.1.4 This tester2reads temperature and belt speed in nonmet-ric terms; therefore, instrument settings in this test method arestated first in U.S. Customary Units (inch pound units ofmeasurement
5、s). The values given in parentheses are for infor-mation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica
6、-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inksby the NPIRI Grindometer33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heatset printing inkan ink typically containing ali-phatic
7、 hydrocarbon solvents that evaporate at elevated tem-peratures.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A printing gage is used to prepare a laboratory printcontaining both the test sample and a standard ink. The freshlyprepared print is immediately subjected to forced hot air in thetester,2which is initially s
8、et at 350F (177C) and a belt speedof 30 fpm (0.15 m/s).4.2 The print is cooled, overlaid with a clean sheet of stock,passed through the printing apparatus, and examined for setoff.4.3 The process is repeated at different belt speeds ortemperatures until either the test sample or the standardexhibits
9、 setoff and the other does not, or it is established thatboth are the same. The sample is then reported to dry fasterthan, slower than, or equal to the standard.5. Significance and Use5.1 The setting speed of heatset printing inks is importantbecause it influences the efficiency of the drying proces
10、s. Thistest method provides a means for comparing the setting of aheatset ink directly against a standard at the same conditions oftemperature and exposure time. While the method does notdetermine the setting speed of an ink on a production press, itis useful for specification acceptance between the
11、 supplier andthe customer.5.2 The setting speed of a printing ink depends on a numberof variables such as the stock on which it is printed, the filmthickness on the print, the temperature of the forced air, the rateof air flow, and the time that the print is subjected to heat. Forthese reasons, it i
12、s important to conduct the tests underconditions that are controlled and as realistic as practical.6. Apparatus6.1 Tester,2equipped with a forced hot air oven and printdelivery system. The air temperature can be adjusted between100 and 600F (38 and 315C) and the speed of the printdelivery unit betwe
13、en 0 and 100 fpm (0 and 0.5 m/s). The printdelivery system allows the print to be exposed to hot air fromthe top and bottom at the same time.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
14、Subcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1996. Published February 1997.2The sole source of supply of the tester, Sinvatrol known to the committee at thistime is the Flint Ink Corp., 25111 Glendale, Detroit, MI 48239. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please prov
15、ide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Yourcomments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 La
16、boratory Flatbed Printing Apparatus.6.3 Printing Gage,4consisting of a type-high block of steel0.918 in. (23.3 mm) in height; the top surface is precision-machined to contain a single constant-depth path approxi-mately 3 by 712 in. (76 by 190 mm), which is inked by meansof a drawdown blade. A milled
17、 depth of 0.4 mils (10 m) isrecommended for coated paper and other smooth substrates.Deeper plates may be necessary for rougher substrates. Typicalpath depths and corresponding ink film thicknesses are given inTable 1.6.4 Drawdown Blade,44 in. (102 mm) in length, so as tospan the width of the printi
18、ng gage.6.5 Metal Surface, to cool the print immediately after it haspassed through the tester.6.6 Metal Block,4type-high, of similar top dimensions asthe printing gage.7. Materials7.1 Standard Heat-set Ink, as agreed upon between thesupplier and the customer. The standard ink must be of thesame col
19、or and transfer characteristics as the test ink. This inkshould not be so old that changes in properties have occurredsince its manufacture.7.2 Printing Substrate, such as paper, paperboard or other asagreed upon between the supplier and customer, cut to 812 by11 in. (216 by 280 mm) or other size ap
20、propriate to the printingapparatus.7.3 Carrier, consisting of a sheet of cardboard approxi-mately 812 by 11 in. (216 by 280 mm), with a hole cut in thecenter that is slightly larger than the size of the print producedby the laboratory printing apparatus.7.4 Setoff Sheet, cut to the same size as the
21、printing substrate(7.2). If the printing substrate is paper, film or foil, use the samematerial. If paperboard, use coated paper 5 to 6 mils (1.1 to 1.4m) in thickness.7.5 Wash-up Materials, including an appropriate solventand lint free rags or tissues.8. Sampling and Test Specimen8.1 Carefully sele
22、ct a sample that is free of skin and othercontamination and representative of the lot being evaluated.The minimum sample per print is less than 0.034 oz. (1 mL).Transfer to a clean container, protect with skin paper, close andseal.8.2 When ready to make a print, remove enough sample forone test, the
23、n close and reseal the container.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Tester:29.1.1 Prior to operation of the tester, carefully read theinstructions in the manufacturers literature.9.1.2 Set the tester on a work bench in a laboratory havingadequate ventilation and space to accommodate the printingapparatu
24、s in close proximity.9.1.3 Provide a power supply consisting of a 30-A circuit ortwo separate 15-A circuits in order to accommodate the two15-A heat guns without overload.9.1.4 Adjust the speed control knobs to the starting point forthe tests, typically 30 fpm (0.15 m/s). In older units, it may bene
25、cessary to adjust the speed with the carrier on the belt.9.1.5 Prior to the first use of the day, warm up the tester to350F (177C) by turning on the two heater units.9.2 Printing Apparatus:9.2.1 Remove the normal plate and the setoff plate (if any)from the bed of the printing apparatus.9.2.2 Place a
26、n inked gage (in accordance with 10.2) in thebed of the press and pull a print in order to check whether theprinting pressure is adequate. If not, place tympan or shimunder the gage, or adjust according to the manufacturersinstructions.9.2.3 Replace the printing gage with the metal block (6.6).Deter
27、mine the number of setoff sheets needed for developingmaximum practical pressure to achieve adequate setoff in 10.8.One sheet is usually sufficient.9.3 Printing Gage:9.3.1 Prior to use, clean the printing gage and drawdownblade with solvent. Make certain they are free of dust, lint,grease, solvents
28、or oils.9.3.2 Information relating to care of the gage and bladebefore and after use is given in Test Method D 1316.10. Procedure10.1 Make preparations as in Section 9. If necessary, adjustthe belt speed to 30 fpm and warm up the tester to 350F(177C).10.2 Place the clean dry printing gage on a bench
29、 top or inthe bed of the proof press, whichever is more convenient to theoperator. Using separate ink knives, place a small quantity ofthe test ink approximately 1 cm from the far end of the gageand across the right half of the channel. Place the standardsample next to it and across the other half o
30、f the channel.10.3 Following the drawdown instructions in Test MethodD 1316, hold the scraper in a vertical position and draw theinks in juxtaposition down the length of the path. Make thedrawdown with a smooth steady stroke that takes about 5 s. Forpurposes of identification, use a pencil eraser or
31、 other nonme-tallic material to inscribe the letter “T” close to the top of the4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis the Precision Gage and Tool Co., 375 Gargrave Rd., Dayton, OH 45449. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informat
32、ion to ASTMHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.TABLE 1 Relationship Between Gage Depth and Ink FilmThicknessMachined Depth of Gage Ink Film Thicknessmils mOn GageAOn SubstratemLetterpress,BmDry Offset
33、,Cm0.2D54210.3 7.5 6 3 1.50.4D,E10 8 4 20.6D15 12 6 3APresuming 80 % path fillage.BPresuming 50 % ink transfer from gage to substrate.CPresuming 50 % ink transfer both to blanket and to substrate.DAvailable on the 3-path FPBAA Plate C. Each path is 114 by 4 in. (3.2 ca by 10cm).EAvailable on the sin
34、gle-path gage4(described in 6.3).D 60732drawdown made with the test ink, or the letter “S”inthedrawdown of the standard ink.10.4 Place the inked gage in the proper position in the bedof the printing apparatus with the long direction parallel to thedeadline bar. Attach the substrate to the impression
35、 cylinderand pull the print.10.5 Tape the leading edge of the print onto the carrier (7.3)and run through the tester.10.6 Remove the printing gage from the printing apparatusand replace with the metal block (6.6).10.7 Bring the print to room temperature by passing it overa metal surface. Alternative
36、ly, set the print on a bench top for15 s.10.8 Place one or more clean sheets of the setoff substrate(as determined from 9.2.3) on top of the print, attach to theimpression cylinder, and run through the printing apparatus.Examine the side that was in contact with the ink film forsetoff.10.9 If neithe
37、r ink exhibits setoff, increase the tester beltspeed by increments of 5 fpm (0.025 m/s) and repeat 10.2-10.8to until one ink sets off and the other does not or until it isestablished that the drying speeds are essentially the same.10.10 If both inks set off in the initial pass, either reduce thebelt
38、 speed or raise the temperature of the tester by 25F (14C)and repeat 10.1-10.8.NOTE 1Each time a print is made, the gage and drawdown blade mustbe cleaned in order to ensure that a repeatable amount of ink is depositedin the gage. Since the thickness of the ink film is critical to the dryingspeed of
39、 the ink, a repeatable ink film thickness is important.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 The drying speed of the ink as equal to, faster than orslower than the standard,11.1.2 The temperature at which the endpoint was reached,11.1.3 The speed of the carrier at the endpoint,11.1.
40、4 The method utilized for making the print, and11.1.5 Any deviations from this test method.12. Precision and Bias12.1 An interlaboratory study5was conducted in which fourlaboratories tested the relative setting of three heat-set inks. Alllaboratories agreed on the relative rating. However, since the
41、test is non-quantitative, it is not possible to compute repeat-ability, reproducibility, and bias.13. Keywords13.1 heat-set printing inks; printing apparatus; settingspeed; testerThe American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
42、 connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the re
43、sponsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerat
44、ion at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make yourviews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
45、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).5Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D01-1105.D 60733
