1、Designation: D 6137 97 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forSulfuric Acid Resistance of Polymer Linings for Flue GasDesulfurization Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6137; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the sulfuric acidresistance at elevated tem
3、peratures of polymer linings appliedto carbon steel substrates subject to sulfuric acid attack.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,
4、 if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structur
5、al SteelC 868 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of ProtectiveLiningsD 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluati
6、ng Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous BaseD 1474 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of OrganicCoatingsD 4138 Test Methods for Dry Film Thickness of ProtectiveCoating Syst
7、ems by Destructive MeansD 4417 Test Method for Field Measurement of SurfaceProfile of Blast Cleaned SteelD 5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing ofNonconductive Protective Coating on Metallic Substrates2.2 Steel Structures Painting Council Standards3SSPC VIS 189 Visual StandardSSPC No. S
8、P5 Blast Cleaning to White Metal3. Significance and Use3.1 The results obtained by this test method can be used incombination with other test methods for the selection of alining for surfaces in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systemsthat will be exposed to hot unscrubbed flue gas or to scrubbedgas t
9、hat has been reheated well above the water dew point.3.1.1 This test method does not evaluate or correlate to areaswithin the scrubber or scrubbed gas streams at temperatures ator below the water dew point.3.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the combinedeffects of heat and exposure to sulfu
10、ric acid upon a liningsystem as applied to a carbon steel substrate. It does notproduce the thermal gradient through the lining that may existin actual applications. Actual lining performance may also beaffected by concurrent physical or mechanical effects and otherchemicals that may be present in t
11、he flue gas.3.3 This test method evaluates major failure modes oflinings applied to square test panels that are cycled from roomtemperature to a designated elevated temperature.3.4 The recommended test temperatures of 200F (93C)and 350F (177C) are based on typical maximum operatingzone temperatures
12、in flue gas desulfurizations systems. Othertemperatures may be evaluated as desired. Cycling to lowertemperatures, including freezing, may be considered if appli-cable.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 onProtective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Faciliti
13、es and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D33.09 on Protective Lining for FGD Systems.Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 6137 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.as
14、tm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6thFloor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656.1Copyright AST
15、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.5 The standard acid concentration for all tests is 20 %,recognizing that the concentration will quickly rise to theequilibrium at the selected test temperature.4. Apparatus4.1 Forced Air Circulatio
16、n Oven, capable of maintaining theselected test temperature 6 4 F (2C). Note that acid fumesmay damage the oven and a drip pan and protective shroudmay be needed.4.2 Rack or Stand, to support the test panels vertically in theoven while maintaining a distance of at least 1 in. (25 mm)between the pane
17、ls and between the panels and oven walls.5. Test Specimen5.1 Substrate:5.1.1 Test panels shall be new commercial quality, carbonsteel conforming to Specification A 36/A 36M. Panels shall bea minimum of14-in. (6-mm) thick, and 8-in. (200-mm) square,and shall have their edges broken or radiused if the
18、 lining is tobe wrapped over the edges of the panel.5.1.2 These test panels are large enough and rigid enoughfor linings and coatings up to14-in. thick. For thicker linings,the test panels shall be at least 32 times the lining thickness inheight and width.5.1.3 Two control test panels shall be prepa
19、red for eachlining system tested. One shall be cycled between the selectedtemperatures without exposure to acid. The second shall bemaintained at laboratory conditions without exposure to eitherelevated temperature or acid.5.2 Preparation:5.2.1 Prepare one side of each panel in accordance withSteel
20、Structures Painting Council SSPC No. SP 5 to the degreeof cleanliness represented in SPC VIS 189. Clean, new,angular abrasive shall be used. The surface profile shall be asrecommended by the lining manufacturer. Determine andrecord the average profile depth in accordance with PracticeD 4417, Method
21、A using a visual surface profile comparator ormethod B. using a tape replica.5.2.2 Apply the lining to the prepared surface of the testpanels in a manner as closely simulating field application aspossible and in accordance with the manufacturers recommen-dations. Record the manufacturers batch numbe
22、rs, manufac-turing dates, mixing method, mixing time, and method ofapplication.5.2.3 The lining may be terminated at the edges of the panelor may be wrapped around the panel edges.5.2.4 The lining thickness shall be as specified by themanufacturer.5.2.5 The lined surface of the panel may be scribed
23、orscored to form a vertical “v” groove down to the steelsubstrate. The groove, if used, shall be 2-in. (50-cm.) long andcentered on the panel and shall be done as soon as practicalwithout damage to the lining.5.3 Specimen Measurements:5.3.1 Determine the thickness of the lining material using anappr
24、opriate dry-film thickness gage in accordance with TestMethods D 1186. Thickness measurements shall be done on agrid of 2 in. in both directions starting at a point 1 in. (2.5 cm.)from the side and 1 in. from the top of the panel. The sixteenindividual readings and average thickness shall be recorde
25、d.5.3.2 Test the lined surface for holidays in accordance withPractice D 5162. Mark the exact location of any holidays. If thepanel will be scribed, perform the holiday test before scribing.Repair the holidays in accordance with the lining manufactur-ers recommendations or prepare a new panel.5.4 Co
26、nditioning of Test Panels:5.4.1 Condition test panels for a period of 7 days at 73 64F (23 6 2C). Additional conditioning of test panels,including longer cure times or elevated cure temperature, maybe conducted if specified. Conditioning time and temperatureshall be recorded and stated in the test r
27、eport.6. Procedure6.1 Preheat the oven to the required test temperature of200F (93C) or 350F (177C) unless otherwise specified.6.2 Immerse the lower portion of the test panel(s) in a 20 %solution (by volume) of sulfuric acid at laboratory temperatureof 73 6 4F for 1 h. The upper 4 in. (10 cm.) shall
28、 remainabove the fluid level.6.3 Remove the test panel(s) and allow to dry for approxi-mately 15 min in a vertical position at laboratory temperature.6.4 Place the test panel(s) in the preheated oven in a verticalposition such that there is a minimum 1-in. (25-mm) spacebetween the panels and between
29、 the panels and the oven walls.Panel(s) shall remain in the oven for 16 6 1h.6.5 Remove the panel(s) at the end of each exposure period.Place the panels in a vertical position with a minimum of oneinch space between panel(s) and allow them to cool atlaboratory temperature for 4 to 6 h.6.6 Repeat the
30、 cycle (6.2 through 6.5).6.6.1 After 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 cycles, evaluate the panelsin accordance with Section 7 and record the results.6.6.2 The test may be terminated after 30 cycles or at someother time depending on panel condition and test objectives.7. Panel Evaluation7.1 Visually inspect t
31、he lining surface of all panels beforethe test exposure for the presence of voids and cracks, and forblisters or loss of adhesion as described in 7.3.7.1.1 Any effects related to and limited to the edges of thepanel should be so noted, since they may not representperformance in actual applications.7
32、.2 Measure and record thickness of the lining in accor-dance with 5.3.1.7.3 The panel should be examined for the following effects:7.3.1 Blistering should be evaluated in accordance with TestMethod D 714 and recorded.7.3.2 Hardness should be evaluated in accordance with TestMethod D 1474 and recorde
33、d.7.3.3 Some linings may not give clear visual indication ofblisters. Blisters may be detected by lightly tapping the surfaceof the lining with a fingernail or small metal object. Where ablister or loss of adhesion has occurred, the sound will changefrom a solid tap to a more hollow sound. The appar
34、ent edges ofa blistered or delaminated area or any other heat caused defectsuch as pinholing or cratering should be recorded as to exactlocation.D 6137 97 (2004)27.3.4 The lining shall be examined for cracking, checking,and flaking, and the results recorded. Test Method D 661 forcracking, D 660 for
35、checking and D 772 for flaking may bereferred to for visual ratings.7.4 For the final evaluation, the lining shall be forciblyremoved from an area of the panel approximately 1 by 2 in.(2.5 cm by 50 cm) using a knife or hammer and chisel toqualitatively evaluate adhesion and condition of the substrat
36、e.This procedure will also determine whether blistering or loss ofadhesion occurred between coats or at the surface of thesubstrate.7.4.1 The surface of the lining shall be scored and evaluatedin accordance with Test Methods D 4138 to determine theapparent depth of discoloration due to acid attack.7
37、.4.2 In addition, if the panel was scribed, an area of thelining adjacent to the scribe shall be pried or chiseled off todetermine the extent of undercutting, both above and below theliquid level.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Lining manufacturers name, product designation,batch
38、 numbers, and generic type,8.1.2 Description of panel preparation including the result-ing depth of profile and degree of cleanliness,8.1.3 A description of equipment and procedures used inapplication of the lining,8.1.4 Curing/Conditioning procedure,8.1.5 Results of visual inspections and thickness
39、 measure-ments,8.1.6 Test temperature,8.1.7 The results of each interim inspection as outlined inSection 7, and8.1.8 The final evaluation shall include an appraisal of theadhesion of the lining in accordance with 7.4 and the depth ofsurface discoloration.9. Precision and Bias9.1 This test method is
40、as specific as possible in establishingreproducible methods and procedures. Final test results andreport however, depend upon visual observations and subjec-tive evaluation.10. Keywords10.1 adhesion; blistering; chemical resistance; cracking;flue gas desulfurization; heat resistance; polymer linings
41、;sulfuric acid; thermal effectsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof i
42、nfringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this sta
43、ndard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your
44、views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6137 97 (2004)3
