1、Designation: D 6140 00 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method toDetermine Asphalt Retention of Paving Fabrics Used inAsphalt Paving for Full-Width Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theasphalt retent
3、ion for paving fabrics. Paving fabrics are used ina fabric membrane interlayer system in pavements before theplacement of an asphaltic overlay.1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI units andinch-pound units. SI Units is the name for the system of metricunits known as the International Sys
4、tem of Units. Inch-poundunits is the correct name for the customary units used in theUnited States. The values in inch-pound units are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
5、 user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 3381 Specification for Viscosity Graded Asphalt Cementfor Use In Pav
6、ement ConstructionD 4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD 4632 Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elonga-tion of Geotextiles3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 asphalt retention, nthe volume of asphalt cementretained by paving fabrics per unit area of specimen aftersubmersion in asphalt cement.3.1
7、.2 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n air maintainedat a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 62C (70 6 4F).3.1.3 paving fabrics, ngeotextile used for paving applica-tions.3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles,refer to Terminology D 4439. For definitions of
8、 other termsrelating to textiles, refer to Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are individually weighed prior to beingsubmerged in an asphalt cement that will be used for theoverlay. The asphalt cement is maintained at a specifiedtemperature. After submerging the specimens
9、in the asphaltcement test, the specimens are hung to drain in the oven for aspecified period of time at the same oven temperature.4.2 Upon completion of specimen submersion in asphalt,and draining, the individual specimens are weighed and asphaltretention is determined.5. Significance and Use5.1 The
10、 asphalt retention is a test procedure for full-widthpaving fabrics. The use of this test method is to establish anindex value by providing standard criteria and a basis foruniform reporting.5.2 This procedure is applicable for testing conditionedspecimens (see 8.1). The results obtained may vary, d
11、ependingon which type of asphalt cement is used for the test. Unlessstated otherwise, use A.C. 20 as defined in SpecificationD 3381 or equivalent asphalt cement.5.3 This procedure is applicable whenever it is desired todetermine an index asphalt retention of paving fabric.5.4 If it becomes necessary
12、 for the purchaser and the sellerto use this test method for acceptance testing, the statisticalbias, if any, between the purchasers and sellers laboratories1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Pe
13、rme-ability and Filtration.Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 614000.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
14、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.should be determined. Such comparison is to be based onspecimens randomly dra
15、wn from the sample of geotextilebeing evaluated.6. Apparatus6.1 Scale or Balance, with a capacity and sensitivity suffi-cient to weigh the specimens to within 60.1 grams. Theaccuracy of the scale should be certified by a recognizedauthority.6.2 Cutting Die or Cutting Template, measuring 100 by 200mm
16、 (4 by 8 in.) with a tolerance of 61mm(116 in.) in eachlinear dimension.6.3 Mechanical Convection Oven, capable of maintainingthe required test temperature within 62C (4F).6.4 Asphalt Cement, viscosity Grade A.C.20, or equivalent,as recommended by the specifying agency.6.4.1 Asphalt cement should no
17、t be used for more than threeseries of tests. Repeated heating and cooling may change thetest results due to handling of the asphalt.NOTE 1Repeated heating and cooling of the asphalt can change theviscosity of the asphalt and lead to higher values of asphalt retention. If anincreasing trend in aspha
18、lt retention values is observed the asphalt cementshould be changed.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at randomthe number of rolls of fabric directed in an applicable materialspecification or other agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Consider
19、 rolls of fabric to be the primary samplingunits. If the specification requires sampling during manufac-ture, select the rolls for the lot sample at uniformly spaced timeintervals throughout the production period.7.2 Take for the laboratory sample, a sample extending thefull width of the fabric of s
20、ufficient length along the selvagefrom each sample roll such that the requirements of 8.1 aremet. The sample shall exclude material from the outer wrap ofthe roll or the inner wrap around the core unless the sample istaken at the production site, at which point inner and outerwrap material may be us
21、ed.7.3 Test SpecimensCut four specimens in the cross-machine direction and four specimens in the machine directionfrom each sample.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens by bringing them to approxi-mate moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere fortesting.8.1.1 Equilibrium is considered to
22、 have been reached whenthe increase in weight of the specimen in successive weighingmade at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % ofthe weight of the specimen.8.2 Paving fabrics that are not significantly affected byminor variations in atmospheric conditions may be tested inprevailing
23、 room atmospheres.8.3 If the samples cannot be properly conditioned in areasonable time with the facilities available, perform the testdeterminations on the material without conditioning. Whentests are carried out under conditions which vary from thestandard, report the actual conditions prevailing
24、at the time oftest. It must be recognized that such results may not correspondwith the results obtained from testing specimens conditionedand tested in the standard atmosphere for testing.9. Preparation of Test Specimens9.1 Prepare the specimens in accordance with Test MethodD 4632.10. Procedure10.1
25、 Select at random four machine direction and fourcross-machine direction specimens measuring 100 by 200 mm(4 by 8 in.) from the individual test sample.10.2 Condition the individual test specimens in accordancewith 8.1, and then individually weigh to the nearest 0.1 g.10.3 Preheat asphalt cement to 1
26、35 6 2C (2756 4F).10.4 Then submerge the individual test specimens in thespecified asphalt cement maintained at a temperature of 135 62C (275 6 4F) in a mechanical convection oven. Keep thespecimens submerged for 30 min. Two clamps may be placedon the fabric, one on each end to facilitate handling t
27、hespecimen.10.5 After the required submersion, remove the asphaltcement-coated, saturated test specimens and hang to drain(long axis vertical) in the oven at 135 6 2C (275 6 4F).Hang the test specimens for 30 min from one end and then 30min from the other end to obtain a uniform saturation of thefab
28、ric. Before reversing the hanging direction, also place twoclamps on the bottom side which will make it easier to hang thespecimen. After securing the specimen, remove the firstclamps.10.6 Allow the asphalt cement-coated, saturated test speci-mens to cool for a minimum of 30 min and then trim anyexc
29、ess asphalt cement, such as edge drippings, after removingthe clamps that were holding the samples.10.7 Weigh the trimmed asphalt cement-coated, saturatedtest specimens to the nearest 0.1 g.NOTE 2It has been observed that this procedure may not result incomplete saturation of paving fabrics with a m
30、ass per unit area greaterthan about 170 g/m2(5 ounces/square yard). For these fabrics the interiorof the specimens should be inspected visually for dry fibers, not coatedwith asphalt. If this condition is observed it should be reported with thetest results.11. Calculation11.1 Asphalt Retention, l/m2
31、(gal/yd2)Calculate the av-erage of the asphalt retention observed for all acceptable testspecimens. Calculate the asphalt retention for individual testspecimens as follows:RA5Wsat WgAgwhere:RA= asphalt retention, l/m2,Wsat= weight of saturated test specimens, g,Wg= weight of geotextile test specimen
32、 before satura-tion, g,Ag= area of geotextile test specimen before test, m2, andG = specific gravity of asphalt cement at 21C. g/l.NOTE 3If the specific gravity of the asphalt cement is not known, aD 6140 00 (2005)2default specific gravity of 1 or 1000 g/l can be used.NOTE 4To convert from l/m2to ga
33、l/yd2multiply by 0.221.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 The specimens were tested as directed in test methodD 6140.12.1.2 Average value of four test specimens in the machinedirection.12.1.3 Average value of four test specimens in the cross-machine direction.12.1.4 Average aspha
34、lt retention, l/m2(gal/yd2). (The aver-age of both 12.1.2 and 12.1.3 test results.)12.1.5 Any deviation from the described test method.12.1.6 The type or grade of asphalt cement used.NOTE 5If dimensional stability of the fabric is a concern, it can beevaluated by determining change in area after the
35、 test. Remove all thewrinkles and flatten the specimen before checking the dimensions.13. Precision and Bias13.1 The precision of this test method is being established.13.2 This test method has no bias because the value ofasphalt retention can be defined only in terms of this testmethod.14. Keywords
36、14.1 asphalt; full width; geosynthetic; geotextile; pavingasphalt; retentionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validit
37、y of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comment
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39、 received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 6140 00 (2005)3
